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Soldier Navigation Architecture Study

Presented by Van Tran / Gina Guiducci

August 3, 2009

Position, Navigation, and Timing BranchC2D, Battle Command DivisionFort Monmouth, NJ

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited

Who We Are

Department of Defense (DoD)

Department of the Army (DA)

Army Materiel Command (AMC)

Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM)

Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC)

Command and Control Directorate (C2D)


Introduction

• The Army has a growing need to conduct operations in urban and indoor environments.

• The Communications Electronic Research, Development and Engineering Center's (CERDEC) Command and Control Directorate (C2D) is pursuing several programs to develop positioning capabilities for dismounted Soldier operating in these environments.

Examples:– Militarized 3D Locator (M3DL)

– Radio Frequency Adaptive Technologies Integrated with Communications And Location (RADICAL)


The following are examples of tactics, techniques and procedures:

• Individual movement techniques.

• Battle drills.

• Weapon positioning in an urban area.

• Roadblock and vehicle search procedures.

• Dismounted and mounted urban navigation.

• Urban scanning techniques.

• Quick fire techniques.

• Assault fire techniques.

• Hasty urban firing positions.

• Prepared urban firing positions.

US Army HQ, Training Circular 90-1, “TRAINING FOR URBAN OPERATIONS”

Typical Military Missions


Typical Urban Terrains

Subterranean

Shanty

Financial District

Urban Sprawl

High Density Inner City

Heavy Industry

Light Industry

Cultural Center


Militarized 3D Locator (M3DL)


M3DL Background

• M3DL builds on the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) * Advanced 3D Locator (A3DL) program

– A3DL addressed firefighters and first responders applications

– M3DL addresses Soldiers operating in urban environments

– M3DL designed for military applications

• Requires replacing commercial subsystems with military subsystems (e.g. GPS, military communications / RF ranging radios)

• Top level architecture is very similar to A3DL* For more information on DHS Location Tracking, Contact, PM, DHS S&T


A3DL vs M3DL Comparison

Falcom JP14-R /SiRFStar III chipset

Honeywell Baro Altimeter

MicroStrain IMU

Advanced Pedometry algorithms

PowerPC440 Processor (separate chip)

Decentralized Cooperative Navigation (DCN) algorithms

Backpack configuration

* Military GPS Rec’vr

Doppler Veloc-IMU; DRM 4000

Decentralized Cooperative Navigation (DCN) algorithms

* Configuration baseline subject to change / trade studies.

MSSI RF RangingReceiverICI Mobiquiti ad hoc mesh network radio

Military Comms / Ranging Radio

Honeywell Baro Alt OEM Configuration

MicroStrain IMU

A3DL M3DL – Trade Studies *

PowerPC440 Processor (embedded)

*

*

*


M3DL Technical Baseline Concept

M3DL

(Technical Baseline)

OR

Ranging Radio

IMUDoppler MGPS 1

MGPS 2

M3DLNav CCA

3.5” x 2.5”

M3DLProcessor

CCA3.5” x 2.5”

DRM 4000

Trade Studies

Battery

Ethernet


Deliverables / Activities

•Deliverables– Monthly Reports– Operation Manual– Interface Design Description– 20 – M3DL Systems– Final Report

•Activities– Kick-off Meeting– Trades Studies– Technical Interchange Meeting– Final Demo


RF Adaptive Technologies Integrated with Communications And Location (RADICAL)


RF ADaptive Technologies Integrated with Communications And Location

(RADICAL)Purpose: Develop and demonstrate software that identifies

available spectrum dynamically (RF-aware) for tactical communications and for position location in GPS-degraded environments

Products:• Software module that enables spectrum policy

management for Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) enabled radios (e.g. PRC-148/152)

• Architecture to integrate and enhance DARPA Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) for future use in Army tactical networks such as WIN-T

• Software for position locating based on Net Assisted Navigation and RF Ranging techniques

Payoff:• Reliable message delivery in disruptive

communications environment• Provide position locating in GPS

degraded environments

08-01-08Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited

RADICAL Navigation Technologies

Goal:

Develop RF based software modules for integration into soldiers’ radio systems.

- Capable of insertion with a wide variety of soldiers’ radio systems.

- Minimal impact to the hardware configuration of the communications or navigation equipment.

Activities:

- Soldier Navigation Architecture Study (SNAS)

- Network Assisted Navigation Software Development

- RF Ranging Software Development

- Test & Integration Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited

RF Ranging

• Estimate range between soldiers based on the time of flight of the communications packets.

• Active RF Ranging – Require transmit signals designated for ranging – Require more the radio’s resources – More accurate – Better control

• Passive RF Ranging. – Range measurements take advantage of the existing

communication signals passing between radios – Require less resources. – Less accurate– Rigid

• Both methods are being examined for use in the RADICAL application.


Network Assisted Navigation

• Improve the performance of GPS based navigation systems by providing data via the radio network to the GPS receiver.

• Using radio network to share position and measurement data between nodes to improve the overall position accuracy.


FY 09 Soldier Navigation Architecture Study (SNAS)

Objective:

- Identify and rank candidate navigation architecture to support the transition of the RADICAL navigation technologies to fielded systems.

- Design a navigation architecture over the Platoon of dismounted Soldiers that satisfies the individual Soldier position performance needs while optimizing the navigation system attributes.

- Identify and address future position capabilities for the Soldier.


Soldier Navigation Architecture Study Approach

• Perform Investigations – Identify dismounted Soldier navigation needs,

relevant navigation systems operational and physical characteristics, constraints as well as representative operational scenarios.

• Identified system attributes, (e.g., Cost, Power, Performance, Weight, Size, Robustness, …)

– Conduct Technology survey to identify candidate technologies

• Develop Trade Study Methodology – Set weights for system attributes– Establish System Performance Metrics


Soldier Navigation Architecture Study

Approach (Cont.)• Candidate Architectures

– Develop candidate architectures

– Pare down candidate architectures and contributing technologies for analysis

• Conduct trade

– Include baseline architectures (i.g., current dismounted Soldier system)

– Baseline architectures with RADICAL technologies and other technologies

– Conduct simulation for performance evaluation

– Rank architectures

• Document Trade Study


System Attributes

• Navigation Error• Cost• Power• Weight• Size• Integrity • Availability• Security• Complexity (Ease of Use)

•••

Attributes space

nRa∈

a1

a3

a4

Attribute 1 (e.g., Cost)

Attr

ibut

e 2

(e.g

., N

avig

atio

n Er

ror)

a2


Weighting Attributes

• System parametric constraints

• System threshold values

• System goal values

Attribute Measure of Performance Examples

• Low Cost / High Cost

• Small Size / Large Size

• Low Error / High Error

Max

imal

Con

stra

int

Thre

shol

d Va

lue

Goa

l Val

ue

G

T

M

f(a)(Sys

tem

Effe

ctiv

enes

s)-1

Hig

hly

Effe

ctiv

e

In

effe

ctiv

e

Attribute (Measure of Performance)

Ideal


RADICAL Progress and Way Ahead

• Progress

– Met with users and Program Managers of fielded systems for technology transition

– Interviewed dismounted Soldiers on system attributes and operational scenarios

– Reviewed system specification and capability development document

• Next steps

– Interim Soldier Navigation Architecture Study Report

– Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for RADICAL navigation technologies (Sept/Oct 2009)


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