pos: process optimization system for sewage treatment … advanced system technology ast 1 pos:...
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A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
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HYDRODYN: DYNAMIC CALCULATION OF WATER AND GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Background
Any system for the provision to customers
of piped gas or drinking water must be
effective in ensuring total continuity of
supply, both as to quality and quantity. For
any regulation program, computational
modelling of the supply system will involve
mathematical descriptions and considera-
tion of the various operational constraints
and technical limits. In tackling the task, it
is a valuable strategy first to optimise
all the operational processes, referring
to system data already recorded and using
computer-assisted simulation tools. From
1995 to 2007, it was an ongoing project
of the Fraunhofer AST in Ilmenau to work
with numerous suppliers of drinking water
and design a decision support system
which would be suitable for use in optimal
management of piped drinking water or
natural gas.
Results
Models and their simulated results are
compared in practice with data captured
online, so that they can be validated. When
supply systems are attempting to fulfil
very varied demands, this simulation is of
especial significance. Such systems defy
even the experts attempting to find an
approximately optimal strategy on the basis
of experience and/or mental modelling.
Any attempt to regulate different parts
of the system separately as a means of
optimising the whole is doomed to failure.
The models available in HydroDyn can be
used in conjunction with simulation and
optimisation methodology will find the
best ways of managing daily operation,
planning and improvement for the supply
network. They also help with less ordinary
situations or bursts and with the calculation
of scenarios for imagined operational
conditions.
1 Model based optimal manage-
ment of water and gas distribution
networks with HydroDyn
Advanced System Technology AST
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Water Supply and Waste Water
Treatment:
Dr Buren Scharaw
Phone +49 3677 461-121
Fax +49 3677 461-100
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
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Result
It is only possible to operate water utility
networks (which are so varied in nature)
reliably and efficiently if the operator has
a vast amount of experience. The aim of
the project has therefore been to present
operators and managers with a decision
support system to speed up professionally
valid choices. The Fraunhofer AST now
provides powerful simulation tools capable
of calculating grid conditions on a dynamic,
timed basis, reflecting not only the
hydraulic conditions and the water quality
but also how complex pipe-work systems
and their associated machinery can be used
most economically. In actual use, there are
five steps to follow:
1. Recording and analysis of the relevant
data
2. Schematic representation and modelling
of the supply network
3. Initial simulation
4. Calibration of the model
5. Simulation, regulation, commercial
management, scenario proposals, unified
planning, proposed reconstruction work
The results of this procedure are analysed
and used by the customer directly in the
relevant water supply situation. This opens
for the operator of supply networks new
possibilities of simulation and monitoring
and thus of optimal management of
all stages. Once this optimal strategy
and technology has been incorporated,
companies will be able to focus on better
sustainability and economy in the use of
both gas and water as resources.
Customers
HydroDyn is already being used internatio-
nally, in, for example Mongolia,
Libya and Saudi Arabia, as well as in such
German towns as Hof and Marburg.
The actual users of the system are those
providing utilities, both water
and gas and both public, private and
communal enterprises.
Future prospects
When the system has been connected
to the overall supply system, online data
collection and management of various
relevant process measurements will provide
a basis for continued realtime monitoring
and regulation of daily operation. It will
be necessary to design the interface (with
OPC, for instance) by which this connection
to the overall supply is made. There are
optimisation algorithms and methods by
which HydroDyn can be extended to permit
optimal management of operations and
reduce operational costs.
2 HydroDyn supports an auto-
mated leak detection system in a
big water distribution pipework in
Libya
2
MOSIOP_UV_LED_engl.pdf
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A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
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MOSIOP - MODELBASED SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF UV-LED BASED DISINFECTION-MODULE
Motivation
Water has an enormous significance for the
human existence. More than 660 million
people worldwide do not yet have access
to clean drinking-water what can in turn
increase the spread of diseases and epide-
mics. The disinfection of drinking-water
and the provision of clean drinking-water
for all humans is, therefore, a main compo-
nent of the UN-millennium goals.
Due to financial reasons, traditional lamps
are currently preferred to UVC-LEDs as
an economic usage of these is not yet
realizable.
Furthermore, there are several open ques-
tions regarding drinking-water disinfection
with LEDs which shall be clarified with the
help of this sub-project.
But thanks to their specific characteristics,
LEDs also enable several possibilities which
can solve essential disadvantages of the
current technology. An LED does not need
a warm-up phase what means that its
power can be used instantly. Therefore, an
intermittent operation is possible. Due to
the arrangement of LEDs and the freedom
of combination of different emission
wavelengths which can be adapted to
different mechanisms of action, various
possibilities emerge specifically during the
reactor design.
Thanks to the increasing efficiency of LEDs,
smaller reactors for disinfection will become
viable in the medium and long term.
Moreover, the low need of supply voltage
enables the operation with mobile energy
sources what increases the dimensions of
utilization.
Advanced System Technology AST
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Water Supply and Waste Water
Treatment
Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Westerhoff
Phone +49 3677 461-107
Dr.-Ing. Buren Scharaw
Phone +49 3677 461-121
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
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1 Indoor simulation of the water flow, without dividing walls
1
2 Arrangement of LEDs on a module
Realization
In a first instance, the Advanced System
Technology (AST) Branch of Fraunhofer
IOSB investigates the technical aspects for
the exchange of mercury vapor discharge
lamps with LEDs and the corresponding
regularities. Furthermore, different LED
arrangements are tested. Considering the
given light emission pattern, the optimal
arrangement of LEDs shall be identified.
In the following course, a cooling concept
will be developed simulatively as well as
experimentally which shall decrease the
ageing of LEDs as far as possible.
A further important factor represents the
development of a pressure and UV-resistant
transparent case and a water-proofed
module plug connection.
The elaboration of a functional model of
the module and the module board form
the completion of the research.
Target
Initially, the main target is the development
of a cascadable UVC-LED disinfection
module.
Because of the drinking-water problem, a
simple and secure handling, which allows a
nationwide usage in the affected countries,
is targeted.
Basic research will be conducted which
will close knowledge gaps which currently
exist in the field of the efficient usage of
UV-LEDs for water disinfection. The gained
knowledge will directly contribute to the
development of the module and shall
enable a usage of the UV-LED module at
the POU (point of use) as well as in large-
scale plants.
Partner
Advanced System Technology (AST) Branch of Fraunhofer IOSB
PURION GmbH Xylem Water Services GmbH DVGW - Technologiezentrum Wasser
MoMo-Phase-II.pdf
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A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
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MOMO STAGE II: SBR PILOT SEWAGE PLANT & WATER MONITORING
Task
Mongolia is a land of extremes:
Variations in temperature from +40 degree
to -40 degree Celsius spread over a year,
large forests with comprehensive rainfalls in
the north and hostile conditions in the Gobi
Desert all these factors are a challenge to
a sustainable water resource management
in the region.
Therefor Mongolia was chosen for
MoMo, as model region for adaptation,
solution and transformation of an integra-
ted water resource management (IWRM) in
Central Asia aligned to sustainable usage.
The research project MoMo is divided in
several stages: The focus of the first stage
was the development of a base adapted
from scientific analyses and identification
of the existing problems. The main focus in
the second stage is a prototypic transfor-
mation of recommendations, found out in
stage one.
1 Installation of sensors for
dynamic network calculation with
HydroDyn
Advanced System Technology AST
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau
Water Supply and Waste Water
Treatment:
Dr.-Ing. Buren Scharaw
Phone +49 3677 461-121
Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Dietze
Phone +49 3677 461-127
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
gefrdert durch
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Monitoring
Installation of data loggers to cover groundwater resources
Construction of a groundwater monito-ring network with database connection
Analysis of groundwater quality and drinking water quality in Darkhan, Ger settlements and the regional environ-ment
Drinking water distribution network
Modeling and simulation of drinking water distribution in Darkhan
Installation of sensors in the drinking water network
Improved model calibration with embed-ded measurement technique
Location of leakage Analysis and identification of weakness
in the drinking water distribution
network
Elimination of weak points and leakages in cooperation with USAG Darkhan
Rehabilitation of the drinking water distribution network
Optimized management of daily opera-tion process
Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
SBR for waste water Piloting implementation of SBR system Cooperation with p2m and USAG
Darkhan
Innovative, decentralized technic for waste water treatment
Modeling and simulation of waste water treatment processes
Ideal controlling of the system concerning different clearing goals and due consideration of external boundary conditions e.g. low temperatures and continental climate
Implementation, transformation and programming of a fully automated SPS-controlling for the SBR reactor
Sewage plant in Darkhan
Ideal operation of the sewage plant in Darkhan
Implementation of innovative optimizati-on algorithms
Analysis of waste water quality
Cooperation partner
Bauhaus University Weimar Bergmann Abwassertechnik AG CESR - Center for Environmental
Systems Research
geoflux GbR Helmholtz-Zentrum fr Umweltfor-
schung GmbH - UFZ
Leibniz-Institut fr Gewsserkologie und Binnenfischerei
p2m berlin GmbH Passavant-Roediger GmbH Seeconsult GmbH Terrestris GmbH & Co. KG University Heidelberg Vista Geowissenschaftliche
Fernerkundung GmbH
Ministery for Education and Research Ministery for Environment and Green
Development
Ministry of Finance National Water Committee Province Darkhan-uul Aimag, Tuv Aimag,
Orkhon, Selenge
City of Ulaanbaatar, City of Darkhan, City of Sukhbaatar, City of Erdenet
Orkhon Sum Drinking water supply and sewerage
company of city Darkhan USAG
Academy of science Mongolian University for Science and
Technology Ulaanbaatar und Darkhan
National University Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology
2
MoMo-Phase-III.pdf
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A D V A N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
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MOMO PHASE III: PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF IWRM-CONCEPTS IN DARKHAN
Task
With approximately 90.000 inhabitants,
Darkhan is the third largest city in
Mongolia, including the catchment area
Darkhan-Uul aimag, it is the second largest
industrial region in the desert state. The city
was built in the early 1960s as an industrial
location starting from scratch in a socialist
country. Since 2006, Fraunhofer-IOSB AST
is working for a save supply of drinking
water and an improved wastewater treat-
ment as part of the BMBF funding program
Integrated Water Resources Management
IWRM in the Model Region Mongolia in
and around Darkhan. Several problems
arise especially by the obsolete technical
infrastructure and intensive industrial and
mining activities in the catchment area
Kharaa.
However, Fraunhofer scientists could verify
water looses about more than fifty percent
of the water supply network in Darkhan in
phase I and II of the research project.
Another hurdle are the settlement structu-
res: Approximately half of all residents of
Darkhan are living in peri-urban settlements
without a connecting to a central water
and sewerage system. Thus, the focus
in phase III of the MoMo project is on
implementing the determined and tested
scientific and technical solutions in the
previous phases on a full industrial scale.
In addition, the scientific approaches are
transmitted to similar regions, widening the
access to the central asia markets in the
field of environmental and water sector.
1 Deep wells for groundwater
monitoring systems
Advanced System Technology
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Water Supply and Waste Water
Treatment
Dr.-Ing. Buren Scharaw
Phone +49 3677 461-121
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
2 Construction of a decentralized
wastewater treatment plant in a
rural area
2
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Ground water
Design and implementation of a long-term groundwater monitoring with local partners
Gradual transfer of the groundwater monitoring network in the ownership of the Mongolian partners
Waste water
Further expansion of WSB technology tested in MoMo phase II and transfer to ten to fifteen family houses in Darkhan
Condition assessment and stress test of the sewage system by means of technical simulation tools
Consulting services for the rehabilitation of the central wastewater treatment
plant of the city of Darkhan
Drinking water
Rehabilitation of two water line sections 2012 and 2014 have reduced water losses by fifteen percent
Restoration in Mangirt district with the highest priority, because pf water losses at more than 70 percent
Power generation by the turbine via a DN 600 downpipe
Online measuring of water meters
Project-related actions
Approvals and standardizations of procedures tested in MoMo phase II
Pre-Feasibility-Study to improve the drinking water situation in Darkhan
Operator models for professional and technical implementation of WSB plants
Exchange programs (DAAD) and capa-city development with the KBA (Kharaa
River Basin Management)
Technical training, training of professi-onals
Partner in Germany
Bergmann Abwassertechnik AG German Development Institute (DIE) Helmholtz centre for environmental
research - UFZ
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries
p2m berlin GmbH Terrestris GmbH & Co. KG
Partner in Mongolia
Ministry for Construction and Urban Development
Ministry for Environment and Green Development
Ministry for Education, Culture and Sport
Mongolian University of Science and Technology (MUST)
National Water Authority of Mongolia Darkhan-uul Aimag Darkhan Sum and Orkhon Sum Communal water supply of Darkhan city
(USAG)
Fa Gereege Construction Fa Ultrasonic LLC
3
3 Construction of a sewage
feeder line in a rural area
MoMo.pdf
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a d va n c e d s y s t e m t e c h n o l o g y a s t
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momo: Integrated management of waterresources In central asIa
Background
Mongolia is a land of extremes. Over the
year, temperatures range from +40 to
40 degrees centigrade; in the north there
are extensive forests with heavy precipitati-
on and in the area of the Gobi desert
life itself is threatened. These facts taken
together are a huge challenge to the water
management of the region on a sustainable
basis.
Mongolia has been taken as a
model region for the production and ap-
plication of a system to achieve integrated
water resources management (IWRM) in
Central Asia generally with a sustainable
level of use. The approach being taken is
that of cross-discipline management to
enable full coordination of the demands of
use and of protection, the actual tasks
and the final application of the
system.
The project has been planned to
run over first 3 and then a further
3 years, with a division into several
phases and stages of work.
1 Decentralized communities like
yurts are a great challenge to a
sustainable water supply
advanced system technology ast
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Water supply and Waste Water
treatment:
Dr Buren Scharaw
Phone +49 3677 461-121
Fax +49 3677 461-100
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
founded by:
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objectives
Identification of weaknesses and bottle-necks in the supply network
Formulation of a renovation plan for the pipe work and general infrastructure
Planning and optimisation of the equipment dimensions
Optimised management of water supply and waste water in the rural and the urban districts
Reduction of overuse of water resources and reduction of uncoordinated claims on bodies of water
Effective use of water, progressive pricing of water
Ecological protection, provision for town development and possible population explosion
Planning of research and development, Education and public relations Knowledge transfer from the reference
region, Mongolia in Central Asia.
methodology
The weaknesses and bottlenecks in the
water supply and waste water networks are
found using the simulation programs deve-
loped at the Fraunhofer AST, then optimal
planning suggestions for the layout and
financial management are made, so that
the huge renovation and operating costs
which are to be expected can be mini-
mised. Cost comparison calculations permit
the alternative renovation schemes to be
investigated and decision support systems
to be suggested with a view to deciding on
systematic repair or replacement and
establishing the investment necessary
with the optimal use of capital. For the
calculations, the present state of the
equipment is taken into account with the
likely renovation costs and these are related
to the available income in the form of
charges, the useful life of any plant and the
needs of the consumer groups. Sensitivity
analysis is used to show the water utility
operators and politicians how any approach
selected will affect the costs (calculated
from income and outgoings)
and the benefits (calculated from value
used).
Partner
Ing.-Bro Dr. Pecher und Partner Leibniz Institut fr Gewsserkologie
und Binnenfischerei Berlin
University of Kassel Technische Universitt Ilmenau University of Heidelberg Centre for Environmental Research UFZ
2 The lack of a comprehensive
water supply system requires solu-
tions like so called water kiosks
2
POS.pdf
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a d va n c e d s y s t e m t e c h n o l o g y a s t
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POS: PrOceSS OPtimizatiOn SyStem fOr Sewage treatment wOrkS
Background
Modern wastewater treatment plants are
very complex. Many different control vari-
ables and conflicting goals make optimal
operation extremely difficult. Because
of this, the Process Optimization System
assists the operator running his plant.
The Process Optimization System is run-
ning on top of the SCADA system and
supports the operator with modern me-
thods of model predictive control by finding
the long term optimal operation. Being an
advisory system it is not directly controlling
the plant but provides the operator with
suggestions for an optimal operation.
tasks performed
There are many different types of
wastewater treatment plants regarding the
processes as well as regarding the online
measurements. Thats why the Process Op-
timization System is no monolithic program
but rather consists of different modules.
These modules have to be adopted to the
distinct plant and to the requirements of
the operator. While doing this adaptation,
an integrated view at the whole plant is
important. This starts at the sewer system,
goes to the biological stage and further
on to the sludge treatment and energy
production.
Besides of process optimization the system
is also usable for visualisation of historical
and actual data, for cost analysis and
also for dynamic simulation of possible
operation scenarios.
1 Besides the process optimizati-
on POS also offers extensive possi-
bilities for data visualization
advanced system technology ast
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Water supply and Waste Water
treatment:
Dr Buren Scharaw
Phone +49 3677 461-121
Fax +49 3677 461-100
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
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Requirements
The Process Optimization System is running
on a data basis which itself imported its
data from the SCADA system. For the
communication with the SCADA system
interfaces like SQL, ACPLT/KS and OPC
are supported. The possibility to run in
heterogenic net-works is an important
benefit of the system. The visualization
may run on a different computer than the
PosServer and data may also be visualized
via web browser.
The Process Optimization System requires
a modern computer and supports all major
computer platforms. For visualisation via
internet any actual web browser is suitable.
A connection to the SCADA system is
required for accessing actual measurements
and plant parameters. There are high
requirements on the accuracy of the online
measurements.
Results
Based on a model fitted to the plant, the
Process Optimization System provides the
possibility to simulate the plant partly or
complete. This simulation may run online
or offline. An offline simulation runs on his-
torical or manual created data. It is useful
for the training of operators as well as for
testing of new operational settings.
For an online simulation the model is
simulated in parallel to the real plant
using the same input data. As a result it is
possible to get actual information on parts
of the plant with no online measurements
available. The simulation system is acting as
a software sensor.
The optimization is using model predictive
methods. This means a cost optimal ope-
ration of the plant is calculated once ore
several times a day. As a result the operator
gets proposals for optimal settings. Be-
cause of an integrated view at the plant
an optimal cooperation of the different
parts of the wastewater treatment plant is
achieved.
Projekt-Saudi-Arabien-ABB.pdf
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a d va n c e d s y s t e m t e c h n o l o g y a s t
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SHOAIBA pHASe III: drInkIng wAter Supply In SAudI ArABIA
Water in the desert state
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a fast
growing population which has an average
age of about 21 years (for comparison,
Germany: 41 years), almost two thirds
of the population is under the age of
25 years. Water plays a crucial role in
the quality of life of the inhabitants, but
it is also an important requirement for
economic prosperity, for example in a
growing industry and in the agricultural
sector. Together, both variables will cause a
further increase in water demand in Saudi
Arabia, which cant be covered completely
through the ground water resources as
well as the inexistent river systems or
lakes. Therefore, the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia assumes considerable efforts to sea
water desalination plants installed at the
coast and carrying water by huge pipeline
systems to the major consumption centers
in the up-country.
One example is the Shoaiba III Water
Transmission Project. It involves five pum-
ping stations, three water reservoirs and
a 213 miles long pipeline network which
carries water from the desalination plants
driven by crude oil to the cities of Jeddah,
Taif and Mecca with altogether about five
million inhabitants. By order of the ABB
AG, the Fraunhofer Application Center
System Technology AST develops a state-of-
the-art leak location and simulation system
which ensures a highly available water
network along with a modern SCADA
system. All elements (e.g. pump resource
scheduling, filling the reservoirs, capacity
utilization of desalination plants) are opti-
mally coordinated by using the water pipe-
line forecasts of the management solution
HydroDyn. Thereby, non-revenue-water
and operating costs can be minimized.
1 Power plant driven by crude
oil and used for the desalination
plants in Jeddah. Source: ALSTOM
advanced system technology ast
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Water supply and Waste Water
treatment:
Dr Buren Scharaw
Phone +49 3677 461-121
Fax +49 3677 461-100
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
-
technology
The pipeline system carries the water via
30 pumps from the coast up to 1700 m
altitude. As a result, a pressure up to 80 bar
occurs, which would correspond to a depth
of 800 meters. The Fraunhofer AST provi-
des a process oriented simulation for the
completely water system of pipes, pumps,
valves and tanks. Thereby, the simulation
software HydroDyn is directly linked with
ABB SCADA system, which allows an online
comparison of simulated and measured
values. In order that, possible errors within
the pipeline system can be detected and
the operation control can be optimized. In
addition, the system enables a simulation
based leak detection and leak location,
which avoids the expensive manual obser-
vation of the water pipelines and tunnels.
Project partner
ABB is a global leader in power and
automation technologies that enable utility
and industry customers to improve their
performance while lowering environmental
impact. The ABB Group employs appro-
ximately 117,000 employees, including
11,000 in Germany.
Prospect
The water management solution
HydroDyn and its close connection to the
ABB SCADA system supports the operator
to optimize the operation of the pipeline
system, helps to detect incorrect conditions
and allows the test of certain pre-operating
scenarios with a PC. Furthermore, the
operating personnel can be trained. Due
to the rising international value of water
and energy as crucial resources, technical
solutions like HydroDyn, which minimize
the loss of water and optimize the energy
consumption, will become a standard
equipment in the water supply in the near
future. Several similar public work efforts in
Saudi Arabia are planned.
1 Pipeline system
2 Pipeline construction in Saudi
Arabia. Source: Press release iLF
Consulting Engineers
2
Geographical data by OpenStreetMap - Published by CC-BY-SA 2.0
1
TOS.pdf
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A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T
1
TOS: OPTIMAL MANAGEMENTFOR RESERVOIR SYSTEMS
Background
Reservoirs are ecological systems which
are highly sensitive to environmental
change. There are two types of factor,
the quantity and nature of materials and
energy entering the water on the one
hand, and, on the other, the processes
to which the materials and energy are
subject within the water.
Risks affecting drinking water as a resource
increase with the degree of human use of
the catchment area and with the degree of
use of the water itself. At the same time,
the meteorological and hydrological
features have their own strong influence
both on the external conditions and on
the internal processes within the reservoir.
Over recent years, the significance
of these factors has by no means decrea-
sed. Global warming is by now an
accepted fact and has as its consequence
more extreme weather. Recent floods
have exceeded all records, as in Asia and
North America, as have droughts, as
experienced by Africa and Australia.
The unusual weather patterns of the recent
period have also affected Central
Europe, turning the regular provision of
high quality drinking water by reservoirs
into a task requiring much more effort
than previously.
1 TOS is used for the design of
management strategies and the
control of flood situations in
reservoir systems.
Advanced System Technology AST
Am Vogelherd 50
98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Water Supply and Waste Water
Treatment:
Dr Buren Scharaw
Phone +49 3677 461-121
Fax +49 3677 461-100
www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de
-
System solution
A multi-barrier system was in place which
comprises
1. reservoir and water course protection,
2. management of a major body of water
and
3. a water treatment system.
The proposed system solution offers
storage regulation strategies (developed
from models and optimised), enabling
commercial water management on a daily
basis and enables overfill situations to
be analysed. It can be incorporated into
customised software for an operator, who
will then have a direct interface by which to
apply the system to the particular network.
The optimisation takes into account all
directives and regulations for the quality
of drinking water (in Germany this is the
Trinkwasserverordnung). It also takes
into account rules for the management
of individual underground watercourses,
reservoirs and the relevant quantities to be
supplied under local regulations. The
following must be available for the
optimisation system to work:
Continuous data on environmental conditions, however rapidly they change
Rapid computation of the data and speedy decision-making
Instant, on-the-spot enactment of regulatory decisions
Result
When complex reservoir systems are
attempting to fulfil the varied demands
upon them, this computerised optimisation
is of especial significance. Such storage
systems can otherwise defy even experts
seeking an approximately optimal strategy
on the basis of experience and/or mental
modelling. If non-coordinated management
of individual reservoirs were taken as the
solution, there would be a far less than
optimal use of the water available. TOS
is a software package which has been
developed to resolve all the constraints: the
limits set by financial management consi-
derations, weather forecasts (particularly of
precipitation) and the computational
management figures derived from the
models of the particular system are used to
calculate the optimal management of the
reservoir system
Future prospects
This technology, with its data-processing
and automation, opens for the reservoir
operator new possibilities of optimal
monitoring and management of bodies of
water. The future holds further possibilities.
By taking into account reservoir protection
strategies and water treatment technology
the sustainability of reservoirs as regene-
rative resource will have an ever higher
importance for the drinking water supply.
It is thus intended that further optimisation
programs, systems, models and knowledge
bases containing the expertise will be
combined as yet another stage of the joint
work between the Fraunhofer AST and the
ThrTV. The resultant interface will provide
operators almost instantly with maximum
information to enable supply of water and
restoration of quality to be managed.