portfolio stavrakantonaki

A design strategy for daylight control for the project “Vertical City” in Rotterdam

GRADUATION TOPIC

June 2012

Parametric and performative design

DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

- 1. ASSIGNMENT - 2. RESEARCH

- 4. VALIDATION

- 1. ASSIGNMENTThe Broekbakema archi-tectural rm is currentlyworking on the proposal for a sustainable highrise,in the vicinity of the Rot-terdam train station.The need for a exible design, along with asustainable concept are at the base of their approach.The main architectural concept can be summa-rized in the idea of the vertical city; that leads to an architecture which perceives the building out of its conventionalframework, and is there-fore asking to explore different possibilities in terms of design and performance.

- 2. RESEARCH: This thesis focuses on the daylight performancefor the different func-tions’ categories of thespecic building, in the specic building, in the specic site.The aspects that are being examined during this thesis are therefore orientedto the following issues;1. daylight responsive 1. daylight responsive design.2. comfort standards and current regulations.3. design strategies for daylight control and comfort. DIRECT LIGHTINGLighting provided from a source without reection from other surfaces.

GENERAL LIGHTING(or ambient light) Light-ing that provides general illumination of an area.

case study

INDIRECT LIGHTINGLighting provided by re-ection usually from wall or ceiling.

- 3. DESIGN


GRADUATION TOPIC

June 2012




- 4. VALIDATION

UNIT: DIALUX OUTPUT

D

- 2. RESEARCH: The second phase of the analysis on the case study“Vertical City” includes “Vertical City” includes the modeling of a unit and a number of simula-tions and calculations on this modular space.Further-on, devices are being examined inorder to enhance and im-prove the amount and quality of light that reach-es the interior spaces.

In cases D the overhang is altered so that light can penetrate it.The impact of this device is observable for the upper oor but has almost no signicance for the rest of the spaces. The results prove that for a clear sky, we can have some improvement in the some improvement in the values of the darker areas, yet shading is necessaryif we choose for such a solution, especially during a clear sky.

- 3. DESIGN


GRADUATION TOPIC

June 2012




- 4. VALIDATION

RESULTS

The results of the rst set of tests (A) prove that a signicant improvement can be achieved through the control of the lengthof the overhang and of of the overhang and of the oor to ceiling height for each room.A gap of at least 2,5m in A gap of at least 2,5m in the overhang can poten-tially improve the levels of light at the third oor, yet we should not expect signicant improvement for the rst and the second oor, especially in second oor, especially in the case of an overcast sky.

ADDITIONAL MEASURES

Additional measures have Additional measures have to be taken in order to secure better results year-long, especially for the second and third oor. The devices which can be used for this reason vary, from light shelves to from light shelves to mirror reectors, anidolic collectors, light ducts or light tubes.The most commonly ap-plied are the light shelves for a number of reasons, which are related to the functionality of the shelves, their integration in the architectural design, the low maintaindesign, the low maintain-ance and installation costs and the effective-ness of performance.

REDESIGN OF THE UNIT

Lamellas50mmaluminumsemi-spectral

“RETROex”aluminumsemi-spectralwhite RAL9010

“RETROlux U”aluminum semispec-tral

“RETROlux O”aluminum semispectral

- 3. DESIGN


GRADUATION TOPIC

June 2012




- 4. VALIDATION

- 3. DESIGN


GRADUATION TOPIC

June 2012




Test on glare: BriefSpecicati ons: (tests on glare-for the selected system of reectorsplaced in the unit with the nal geometry.)Goal: To validate the system in terms of comfort. The goal of this set of tests Goal: To validate the system in terms of comfort. The goal of this set of tests can be further divided in two objectives: a. evaluation of the adequacy of the levels of light inside a typical office space at the third oor and b. speci-cation of potential glare sources.

- 4. VALIDATION

- 3. DESIGN


GRADUATION TOPIC

June 2012




CRITERIAThe criteria to evaluate comfort are:a) the distribution of luminance inside the roomb) the contrast between adjacent spacesc) the contrast between ceiling and c) the contrast between ceiling and working planed) the contrast between window and working planee) the anticipated illuminance levels on the workingplane

camera, height=1.3m,distance from window=7.8m (zone2),angle of camera=60oDGP=26%overcast sky

camera, height=1.3m,distance from window=7.8m(zone2),angle of camera=60oDGP=26%clear sky

- 4. VALIDATION

DGP (Daylight Glare Probability)

Acceptable range: between 24% and 30%

The position of camera diThe position of camera di-rectly affects the output of the calculation.

For a point of observation between1.2m and 2.3m we do not expect glare.Discomfort occurs for observation points <1m or>3m.

- 3. DESIGN

ORNAMATICS

April 2011



- 1. CONCEPT

- 1. CONCEPTThe motifs should have a double role:a. Functional: elements a. Functional: elements that work as screens so as to block the sun and the wind when necessary.b. Aesthetic

- 2. RESEARCH: A number of alternative solutions were examined, based on different geo-metric congurations.Parametric script was Parametric script was used for the elaboration of the proposals.

- 2. RESEARCH

- 3, DESIGN: The geom-etry which was chosen, proved to provide the greatest exibility in terms of design and movement.

Research on motifs that can be used for a facade cladding at a larger scale.

- 3. DESIGN 3.1.Parametric Denitions 3.2. Detailing 3.3. Final design

ORNAMATICS

April 2011



- 1. CONCEPT - 2. RESEARCHResearch on motifs that can

be used for a facade cladding at a larger scale.

- 3. DESIGN 3.1.Parametric Denitions 3.2. Final Design

- 3. DESIGN 3.1.Parametric Denitions Four parametric scripts were the base for the design alternatives. of which only one was chosen.

ORNAMATICS

April 2011



- 1. CONCEPT - 2. RESEARCHResearch on motifs that can

be used for a facade cladding at a larger scale.

- 3. DESIGN 3.1.Parametric Denitions 3.2. Final Design

DAYSIM simulation, luminance levels (apparent brightness)

- 3. DESIGN 3.2. Final design; application on BK building, west facade.

The resulting component is a retractable shading system that can be applied on any facade in order to reduce thermal gains year-long and consequently result in lower cooling load especially during the summer months. The benets of such a system are related to its adjustable design, the low weight of the construc-tion and the low maintainance costs. Each individual panel can be seperately attached on the facade, and it is therefore possible to operate the system on an individual-user basis. The fact that the panels can retract during the day, gives an added value to the architectural image of the building, when the semi-transparent “sails” close or open at different percentages in order to t the needs of the users behind them. Flexibility, “sails” close or open at different percentages in order to t the needs of the users behind them. Flexibility, control and performance are the highlights of a shader that can be applied on every construction, from small to large scale.

MODEL

XXL WORKSHOPDESIGN OF THE NEW STADIUM: DE KUIP, ROTTERDAM

April 2011


1. CONCEPTIntegration and sustainability are Integration and sustainability are two of the main goals we are opting for in the following ap-proach: the stadium is orientated and designed in a way that it can respond to the prevailing winds, in terms of morphology but also of energy production.energy production.A set of components will clad the facade, so that each one can rotate around an axis and regulate its po-sition in order to create an inlet for the wind. The components are de-signed in a hexagon shape in order to prevent excessive material consumption.

1. 1 SustainabilityThe wind that is entering thebuilding through the hexagonopenings is driven through a shaft (a wind-tunnel) towards the upper part of the facade. The geometry of the shaft, its length and the difference in height between the inlet and the outlet, are being used in order to acceler-ate the wind inside the tunnel and consequently, produce energy when the accelerated ow passes through a turbine.through a turbine.

The geometry of the shaft isbased on the Bernoulli principle:the cross-section of the tube isaltered, so that the pressure differaltered, so that the pressure differ-ence between the narrow and the wider parts can increase the speed of the wind which is driven through them. The total amount of energy in the system has to remain constant (principle of the conser-vation of energy) at the beginning vation of energy) at the beginning and at the end of the shaft, result-ing in a higher speed in order to regulate the pressure difference (the pressure is lower in the nar-rower and lower parts).

1.2. AdaptabilitySliding roof scenaria


- 1. CONCEPT 1.1. Sustainability 1.2. Adaptability 1.3. Spatial utilization

- 2. CALCULATIONS 2.1. Structure 2.2. Assembly 2.3. Wind performance

M. vd Dool, B. Pieters, M. Stavrakantonaki, Y. Wang

- 3. DESIGN PHASE 2 3.1.Parametric Denitions 3.2. Detailing 3.3. Final design


April 2011


- 2. CALCULATIONS 2.3. Wind performance

An important parameter in the An important parameter in the design concept was the performance of the wind entering through the façade of the building at different angles according to the prevailing winds’ directions.The average wind speeds and direcThe average wind speeds and direc-tions throughout the year can easily be deducted from the charts, even from the Ecotect database. The infor-mation presented on the charts is de-tailed, thus providing input on the anticipated ow for each month of every season. Such an analysis is useful for the better understanding of the area, but could not be inte-grated in its full detail in our design approach. For this reason, a simpli-cation was made; we assumed the average speed throughout the year.The stadium was then divided in three main zones, one at the south-west (prevailing wind direction), one at the south (intermediate zone) and one at the south-east (secondary di-rection). According to this division, the main wind-path inside our façade would be the tunnel leading from the south-west towards the east outlet at the roof of the stadium. This main path had to be tested by means of calculations of the wind speed at successive cross-sections but also by simulating the air ow inside the tube.inside the tube.







April 2011


- 3.DESIGN PHASE 2 3.1. Parametric Denitions

Parametrizing the project was a priParametrizing the project was a pri-mary task, as parametric design was perceived a handy tool which could provide input both geometrical and numerical. Yet, many of the initial pa-rameters changed during the work-shop, or were rejected since the initial concept kept adjusting as we moved on towards the nal stages.It becomes obvious that the perfor-mance of the digital design manager inside a team drifts away from the re-stricted role of the design assistant, towards a member of the design team who interferes with the deci-sions taken in terms of project performance.In that direction, the work with Grasshopper and Rhino was impor-tant, but also the use of the addition-al software (Matlab/Octave, Com-ow) which assisted the calculations and the simulation of the sustainabil-ity performance.







April 2011







An important feature of the output would be the distribution of the cladding panels along the façade. This process had to be random but at the same time or-ganized in zones; the upper zone should be transparent or semi-transparent, the intermediate opaque or translucent, and the rest of the volume had to be di-vided between areas with rotat-ing or xed components. The ap-proach to such a distribution was to divide the surface in three correspondent zones. Then, ran-domness was applied for each zone. The nal outcome can be seen in the pictures.


April 2011






FINAL DESIGNOur initial hypothesis that the turbulence around the inlets could impede the air current from propagating inside the tunnel is being disproved in the resulting pressure diagrams, as the turbulence caused around the hexagons is negligible.On the contrary, the most important obstacle proved to be the structural beams; On the contrary, the most important obstacle proved to be the structural beams; the pressure has a sharp drop before them, whereas it rises steeply once the uid surpasses them. The acceleration of the uid is therefore affected by a number of contrasting phenomena; the drop in pressure at the inlets and around the beam on one hand, and its steep rise because of the constantly decreasing dimensions of the cross section (Bernoulli principle). Different calculation outputs have been tested, for different pressures, velocities Different calculation outputs have been tested, for different pressures, velocities and crosssection areas. The results prove that the cross-section areas areinuencing the outputs but less than the Cp values. The overall geometry of the building is therefore of major importance, since it affects the pressure differencebetween the lower and higher points. What can be optimized in the present building, is the friction, or otherwise the resistance evoked at the points of inci-dence.


HYBRID BUILDINGDESIGN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

- 1. CONCEPT

The building occupies a square lot (40mx40m) a few kilometers away from Den Hague, and has a south/south-west orientation. Its front south-west orientation. Its front façade is oriented towards the road, on the river front (south-west).

The building mass is divided in two The building mass is divided in two major volumes, which are designed along the left and the right side of an atrium. A third volume, considerably smaller, is used to regulate the move-ments vertically and horizontally, so that it functions as a connection be-tween the two masses. All the departments/offices are situated in the left volume, as free oor-plans, without in-between spaces-rooms, in the form of an uninterrupted plan with offices and extra facilities. All the secondary functions that support the offices (lifts, staircases, storage rooms, offices (lifts, staircases, storage rooms, wc’s) are distributed alongside a zone at the left end of the building.

May 2011

Building Design andEngineering


- 1. CONCEPT

- 2. DESIGN

- 3. PERFORMANCE


May 2011



- 1. CONCEPT AND DESIGN - 2. DETAIL

- 3. PERFORMANCE


May 2011




- 2. DETAIL

STRUCTURE

BUBBLE DECK

- 3. PERFORMANCE


May 2011




- 3. PERFORMANCE

LIGHT ASSESSMENT

VENTILATION SCHEME; TYPICAL OFFICE

December 2010 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS AND LIGHT CONTROL IN THE AUDITORIUM OF KUNSTHAL,ROTTERDAMredesign proposal

designand technology


- 1. KUNSTHAL LIGHT ANALYSIS

- 2. PROPOSAL TO AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE EXISTING FACADE

-3. REDESIGN AND PERFORMANCE

The auditorium is unevenly illuminated during the day: a number of grey zones are observed in the room, in contrast to the bright ones alongside the glazing. We also have daylight through the east ramp and the north window. The high re ectance of the oor can be The high re ectance of the oor can be seen in the immediate zone after the glaz-ing, where there is no coating/cover.Equally, glare is observed below the hori-zontal axis determined by the upper end ofthe north window: the curved polymer used for the eastern wall re ectsupper end ofthe north window: the curved polymer used for the eastern wall re ects natural lightentering from the opening when the later is not covered. Combined with the arti ciallight behind the construction, the nal effect is irritating for the eye and distractive for the viewer’s attention.

The scope was to devise asystem that would opersystem that would oper-ate effi ciently at a low energy cost without inter-fering with the architec-tural character of the building.

December 2010 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS AND LIGHT CONTROL IN THE AUDITORIUM OF KUNSTHAL,ROTTERDAMredesign proposal






PROPOSAL-SHADING SYSTEM Diagram: arrangement of the shad-ing panels alongside the façade, inner blades for movement and general outline.

The limitations of the system lie on the fact that is being used indoors. Ex-treme care should be taken so that the interior heating system will not inter-fere with the operation of the uid inside the tubes. At the same time, the heat created between the glazing and the panels should be effectively con-trolled so that the system will perform efficiently throughout the year. A number of alternatives have been ex-amined in order to formulate a viable solution for the operation at low energy cost.The bene ts of such a solution lie on the low-cost maintanance of the con-struction, the low weight of the instal-lation and its ability to respond to nat-ural conditions. This way, we can achieve optimal light conditions and heat control at low expenditure. The panels designed can also be mass-pro-duced and easily assembled without the need of special expertise.

Schematic representation: the impact of the system in the interior of the room.Three series of panels have been applied inbetween the existent alu-minum

December 2010






1

2

3

4

December 2010REDESIGN AND PERFORMANCE

5

FINAL COMPONENT

1.1. At the base of the scenario is the idea of a foldable system that can be attached on the outside of an exis-tent building.

January 2011

THE FOLDING WINDOW

DESIGN OF INNOVATIVE FACADE COMPONENT

nal product: folding system



- 1. FACADE SCENARIO 1.1. Main Idea 1.2. Research 1.3. Scenario evolution

- 2. DESIGN PHASE 1 2.1. CES

- 3. DESIGN PHASE 2 3.1.Test of structure 3.2. Shopdrawings 3.3. Fitting on-site

- 4. PROTOTYPE

-5. FINAL MODULOR

mechanism for the provision of movement

3.2. Frames and folding mechanism

3.3. Fitting on site

3.1. Test of structure

DESIGN PHASE 2


- 1. FACADE SCENARIO 1.1. Main Idea 1.2. Research 1.3. Scenario evolution

- 2. DESIGN PHASE 1 2.1. CES

The proposal is about a foldable window, that can expand or fold in front of an ex-isting window. Its movement follows the idea of a harmon-ica, which equally folds and unfolds.

DESIGN

The resulting component can collect the sun rays when ex-panded and at the same time become a sun-shading device which can be adjusted according to the time of the year/ orien-tation of the building.

- 3. DESIGN PHASE 2 3.1.Test of structure 3.2. Shopdrawings 3.3. Fitting on-site

- 4. PROTOTYPE

-5. FINAL MODULOR

forminnovation

experimenting on interior design techniques and tools- lighting, , color, arrangements

phase 2: ergonomy

entry for the DROMEAS international competition of

industrial design

phase 1: main idea

phase 3: realization

woodaluminiumplastic

furniture design

2tables -2stools-1seatin a cube the stools

the cube

the project is about designing for limited spaces, where the need for packaging is vital in order to perform successfully the everyday activities.

the curve has been chosen as the ideal shape for the design of a piece of furniture that is to adapt in every possible environ-ment. Organic in form, friendly to touch, easy to move in space.

materials-ergonomy

forminnovation

experimenting on interior design techniques and tools- lighting, , color, arrangements

phase 2: ergonomy

entry for the DROMEAS international competition of

industrial design

phase 1: main idea

phase 3: realizationfabric

aluminiumplastic

furniture design

auditorium chair

the stoolsthe cube

the chair gives its user the freedom to move backwards and forward, adjusting the inclination to his own need. It is a chair for spectacles, so it is designed in a way that will create a unique atmosphere, an imaginary situation of escapement and relax.

every single line of the seat follows the curves of the human body when seated. In the same way, its movements are smooth, following the back and the legs.

materials-ergonomy

settlementslow-rise housing

neighborhoods

phase 1: evaluation

refurbismentgiven typology

colors and textures

interior design

refurbishment oorplan-level 1

scale-materials-function

phase 2: interior design 1

2

'Ideas can be works of art'. 'If words are used, and they pro-ceed from ideas

about art, then they are art and not

literature; numbers are not mathematics'

Sol Lewitt.

refurbishment oorplan- level 2

arrangementlight

experimenting on interior design techniques and tools- lighting, color, arrangements

phase 1: evaluation

interior design

'All ideas are art if they are concerned with art and fall within the conventions of art'

Sol Lewitt on conceptual art

refurbisment

colors and textures

designing a hotel room

designing a kid’sroominterior design

(refurbishment ) oorplan-level 1

a kid’s room

a jeweler’s scale-materials-function

realizationtheory

designing

museums

concept

phase 1: main idea

phase 1: main ideaphase 2: architectural expression- a combination of dynamically

balancing cubes

This project is seeking to express through space the idea of Balkans. It is therefore illustrating a place in constant movement, which has been trying to integrate different cultures, interests and beliefs throughout its history. It is an experimental project history. It is an experimental project that proposes a museum approach which is likewise balancing between visual art, architecture and exhibition design. This will be achieved through the use of different materials, scales and illuminating techniques.

project:designing a museum of The Balkan Reconciliation

exhibition room: different alphabets and languages

exhibition room: cinema and Balkan culture exhibition room: music

atrium

architecture

section B

B

1

2

The great age of collection building in museums is over. Now is the time for the next great agenda of museum development in America. This agenda

needs to take as its mission nothing less than to nothing less than to engage actively in the design and delivey of

experiences that have the power to inspire and

change the way people see both the world and the possibility of their own

lives.

Skarmstad, 1999

This project has beendesigned in order to serve the arising needs of the Department of MineralResources (Technical University of Crete).

A panoramic location, in a nearby A panoramic location, in a nearby campus, 40 km away, is to host the re-searchers,occasionally collaborating with the Institution.

Eleven two-appartment houses, ve labs, an indoor and an out-door the-ater, a restaurant and a library are situated in the eld.

The project’s location, its natural surroundings and the cultural activity of the nearby village where the factors to determine the architec-tural sollution.

The request for sustainabilityand integration have been theguiding principles throughout the whole procedure.

June 2007

librarylabs

parking space

restaurantauditorium

accommodation

local architecture

sustainability and nature

eld research

Designing a Mineral Resources Research Center at Chania, Greece.

stavrakantonaki marina

thesis

laboratories, library, lectures hall and restaurant are all organized around a cetral core

a double-height auditorium serves the auditorium serves the need for gatherings and lectures. Its double facade serves as an inner route and emergency exit.

Field analysis

designing forsustainability

creativeintegration

existent typologies

June 2007

campus:25.700 m2

general prospect

Designing a Mineral Resources Research Center at Chania, Greece.stavrakantonaki marina

thesis

concrete, iron and tile were used as the basic materials of the site.

the ground slope andscarce vegetation, along with the need for privacy determined the outline of the neighborhood.

June 2007

auditorium library/study

general prospect

Designing a Mineral Resources Research Center at Chania, Greece.stavrakantonaki marina

thesis

concrete, iron and tile were used as the basic materials of construction

auditorium

taking advantage of the slope

appartments

scales and materialsgeneral prospects

Designing the borders

urban landscapethis project aims to experiment on ways of bridging urban voids and eliminating the distance between neighboring but unconnected areas.

urban design

stream crossing a city zone

eld study

phase 1

rehabilitation plans phase 2

pedestrial zone- tram-green space

re-examining the public space: city blocks

We examine fragments cut out from their background and redis-cover new possible promises that they could give us

An ironic post digital culture will investigate the depth of this present civilization of the superuent.

rehabilitation plans phase 3

eld study

portfolio stavrakantonaki

Documents

daylight control

daylight responsive

design strategy

exible design

terms of design

design strategies

project vertical city

daylight performancefor