portfolio

PORTFOLIO

Isis Díaz

INDEX

Learning Process

Grammar

Modals to Express Necessity

Modals to Express Certainty

Reading Comprehensions Oliver Twist

Reading Comprehension



Essay 1

Pictionary

My English Lab

Grammar

MODALS TO EXPRESS NEESITY

Use simple modals to show degrees of necessity in the present and the future, and perfect modals to show

strong necessity in the past.

Modal-like expressions have meanings equivalent to or similar to meaning of modals:

• Must = Have to/Have got to

• Should = Ought to

• May = Be allowed to

Use must, have to, and have got to show strong necessity. They are

similar in meaning.

Use be supposed to to show an expectation, and be to in more formal English to express strong

necessity.

Use must, have to and have got to in formal English to show strong obligation,

have to in all situations, formal or informal, and have got to in conversations and

informal writings.

Use must not to say that it is prohibited to do something, don’t have to say that

something isn’t necessary and didn’t have to to say something was not necessary.

Use should or ought to to offer advice, use should have to express advice about past

situations.

Had better is like should and ought to but stronger.

Modals to express Certainty

• Use modals and modal-like

expressions to express different

degrees of certainty. Do not use

modals when you want to state a

fact of which you are 100% sure it is true.

• Use must/have to when you are

speculating about the present and are almost certain. Use must not

when you are slightly less certain.

• Use may/might when you are

speculating about the present and

are less certain. In questions use

could/couldn’t.

• Use must have when you are speculating about the past and are almost certain. Use must not have when you are slightly less certain. In questions use can/could have.

• When you are speculating about the past and are less certain use may/might/could have. In questions use might/could have.

• Use should when you are almost certain about a future action or event.

• Use may/might/could when you are less certain about a future action or event.

READING COMPREHENSION OLIVER TWIST

Comprehension #1

Comprehension #2

Essay 2

Pictionary

• Pauper: A person that is very poor.

• Apprentice: Someone who works for an expert to learn.

• Abrupt: Exceedingly sudden and unexpected.

• Render: Cause to become

• Saturnine: Bitter or scornful.

• Parochial: Located in a parish.

• Abscond: Run away

• Ponder: Reflect deeply on a subject.

MyEnglishLab

portfolio

Documents