populations
DESCRIPTION
SC STANDARD B-6. 2: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the way populations are affected by density-dependent factors & density-independent factors. POPULATIONS. CN page Topic: Populations EQ: What factors affect population size?. How do Populations Grow?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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POPULATIONS
SC STANDARD B-6. 2: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the way populations are affected by density-dependent factors & density-independent factors.
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CN page
Topic: Populations
EQ: What factors affect population size?
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How do Populations Grow?
3 important characteristics of a population are its :
geographic distribution density growth rate
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Geographic Distribution
is the range or area where the organism is found
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Hooker’s Manzanita found in
maritime chaparrel (threatened habitat due to development)
Central California (Monterrey County)
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Franklin’s Bumble Bee
Most restricted geographic distribution of any known bee
Between Pacific coast & Sierra Nevada in Oregon & northern California
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Density
population density: the # of individuals per unit area
Density is one of the main characteristics that describes a natural population.
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Growth Rate
3 factors affect population growth:
1. # of births 2. # of deaths 3. # of
individuals that immigrate or emmigrate
Immigration: movement of individuals into an area
Emmigration: movement of individuals out of an area
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EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will grow exponentially
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LOGISITIC GROWTH
growth pattern in which a population’s growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth
carrying capacity: largest # of individuals of a population that a given environment can support
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Carrying Capacity Graph
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Limiting Factors to Growth
In respect to populations a limiting factor is anything that causes population growth to decrease.
Limiting factors are either:
Density-Dependent
Density-Independent
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Density-Dependent Limiting Factors limiting factor
that depends on population size
become limiting only when population density reaches a certain level
Include: 1. competition 2. predation 3. parasitism &
disease
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1. Competition
When populations become crowded members of same or different species compete for food, shelter, mates, space, sunlight
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2. Predation
Predator-Prey relationships mechanism of population control
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3. Parasitism & Disease
Parasites take nourishment from their host host weakens does not usually die
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Density-Independent Factors
affect all the populations in similar ways, regardless of #’s Forest fires Floods Seasonal cycles Human
interference (clear-cutting, damming river)
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Human Population Growth
Population of humans on Earth increases with time
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Patterns of Population Growth Birth rates,
death rates, & the age structure of a population help predict why some countries have high growth rates while other countries grow slowly.
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The Demographic Transition
the change in a population from high birth & death rates to low birth & death rates
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Complete concept map from page 134 of book on page of notebook (landscape)