2/4 Bellringer: Global IssuesIf you don’t know, take a guess

1. How can aquaponics reduce the effects of overpopulation? Re

2. What country consumes the most meat?

3. How many tons of pesticides are used every year?

4. List one problem causing global food shortages.

5. List one problem causing obesity in the US today.

Population GrowthIncreasing standards of livingAgriculture

◦Hunger Issues◦Obesity◦Pesticides

Overfishing

Topics

Population Growth

Population GrowthCurrent human population

of over 7.3 billionProjected to be over 9

billion by 2050Population may grow to 13

billion by 2100We are already using

resources faster than they are being replaced, which is unsustainable.

Population Growth

In the US, the consumption of 1 person is equal to that of 32 Kenyans.

How many cars does your family have?

How do you get to school?

How many times a day do you eat meat?

How much meat do you think you eat in a year?

How many personal electronics do you own (phone, computer, ipad, kindle, etc.)?

How many pairs of shoes do you own?

U.S. Lifestyle

Globalization of the U.S. LifestyleAgriculture and Food -- Meat Consumption: Per capita (Units: Kilograms per person)

Country 2002 2001 1996 1991 1986 1981 1976 1971 1966 1961

Brazil 82.4 80 74.1 59.6 44.9 41.2 33.9 29.7 27.9 27.8

Canada 108.1 108.3 95.9 94.8 99.2 100.3 103.9 97.6 89.3 81.7

China 52.4 50.8 38.5 27.9 20.7 15 10.5 10 9.6 3.8

Denmark 145.9 138.7 130.6 111.8 100.3 76.5 71.5 48.6 53.8 56.7

France 101.1 102.9 100 101.7 94.9 98.8 94.3 88.1 79.2 77.7

India 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7

Mexico 58.6 56.8 43.5 39.8 40 39.8 32.8 24.3 25.8 25.4

United Kingdom 79.6 78 72.8 72.3 71.3 68.4 67.5 74.1 70.6 69.8

United States 124.8 120.3 117.2 114.4 110.2 108 109.1 108.2 97.4 89.2

From 1961 and 2002, meat consumption has seen a large increase virtually worldwide. There has also been a corresponding jump in its environmental impact.

Increased meat-eating has followed rising affluence in many parts of the world.

Increases in meat consumption and climate change have been linked. Why?

http://www.theguardian.com/environment/datablog/2009/sep/02/meat-consumption-per-capita-climate-change

Globalization of the U.S. Lifestyle

Globalization of the U.S. Lifestyle

The top row is the amount of grain required to produce a pound of raw animal (or milk). The third row shows how much grain is required to produce one pound of edible meat. The fourth row is the efficiency with which plant protein is converted to animal protein.

http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=29892

Efficiencies of Animal Food Production 

Milk Chicken Pork Beeflbs. grain/ 

1 2.5 4 8lb. live weight

Percent 95% 55% 55% 40%edible

weightlbs. feed / 

1.1 4.5 7.3 20lb. edible weightplant-animal

- 20% 10% 4%protein conversion

Globalization of the U.S. Lifestyle

In 2010, the world reached 1 billion cars!The most cars are in the U.S. with 1.3 cars for every

personThe largest growth however is occurring in China,

with 27.5% increase in carsOther rapidly growing economies like India and

Brazil have increased demand for carsTransportation accounts for 23% of the world’s

greenhouse gasesWhat happens if China and India reach the same

ratio of cars to people as the United States?http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2011/08/23/car-population_n_934291.html

Globalization of the U.S. Lifestyle

In India, 14 percent of households in urban areas have refrigerators and 15 percent have washing machines (Feb 2013)

The Asian market for consumer electronic goods (computers, tablets, smartphones) surpassed the North American market in 2014

What happens when everyone in India and China has the same amount of appliances/electronics as the U.S?

http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/consumer-electronics-market-investment/1/191552.htmlhttp://venturebeat.com/2014/01/05/china-finally-supplants-north-america-as-the-biggest-consumer-electronics-market/

Two types hunger issues.◦1. Undernourishment – not enough calories◦2. Malnourishment – enough calories, but not

nutrients

Where is undernourishment an issue?

Where is malnourishment an issue?

Hunger Issues

Undernourished Global Population

Food ShortagesCan you name some

reasons we may have food shortages in the future?

Increased demand due to rising population

Increased standard of living in developed nations

Global warming may increase intensity and frequency of droughts

Increase in fuel prices raise the cost of food

Corn aborted Summer of 2012 in the U.S.

MalnourishmentPeople of poverty typically suffer from food

insecurity and have more access to fringe food◦ In 2010, 48.8 million Americans lived in food insecure

households, 32.6 million adults and 16.2 million children. (FeedingAmerica.org)

Food insecurity = lack of food accessibility Fringe food = junk foodFarm subsidies provide an overabundance of cheap

corn. This provides cheap meat in the form of fast food and high fructose corn syrup laden drinks and food.◦ These foods are linked to diabetes, obesity, and heart

disease.

Obesity and Unhealthy FoodGrowing obesity rates are directly

related to food consumption.The predicted health bill for

obesity-related diseases in 2012 is 166.2 million

More than 1/3 of U.S. adults (35.7%) and approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese.◦ This trend is increasing; in 1970 only

5% of children were obese.

U.S. CDC Obesity Map

Pesticides

Pesticides & Agriculture1 billion pounds of pesticides are

used in the U.S. every yearAccording to Cornell entomologist

David Pimentel, “[i]t has been estimated that only 0.1% of applied pesticides reach the target pests, leaving the bulk of the pesticides (99.9%) to impact the environment.

Long-term exposure increases the risk of reproductive disorders, immune-system and endocrine disruption, impaired nervous-system function, and development cancers. (WHO 2012)

Residual Chemicals on Produce

Agriculture is the single largest user of freshwater resources, using a global average of 70% of all surface water supplies.

Industrial agriculture is one of the leading causes of water pollution in the United States.

Agricultural activity was identified as a source of pollution for 48% of stream or river water and 41% of lake water. (EPA: National Water Quality Inventory, 2000)

Water Pollution & Agriculture

Overfishing

OverfishingOver 2,000 fish species have gone extinct due to

overfishing. (End of the Line, 2009)More than 70% of the fish species worldwide are

endangered. (FAO, 2009)It is estimated we eat about 10% of the fish that

are caught. The rest, called bycatch, is typically killed by accidental harvest. (BAM, 2009)

Global average consumption of fish is 37 lbs per person per year. (FAO, 2010)

How does technology contributes to overfishing?

Overfishing: Atlantic Cod Collapse

Human population is growing at an exponential rate

Increasing standard of living for developing countries (more meat, cars, etc.)

Increasing access to unhealthy food and limited access to healthy food

Extensive use of water and pesticide in agricultureOceans are being overfished to the point of

extinctionBUT… Aquaponics can help alleviate all of these

issues.

Summary

Tilapia - high in protein, low in fat and relatively low in calories, making it a good food choice.

Unlike many cuts of fatty animal meat, such as beef and pork, tilapia is virtually free of saturated fat, making it a better choice for supporting cardiovascular health.

It is a nutrient-dense food, or one that provides more nutrients per calorie than calories per nutrient. Like all seafood, eating tilapia, as it is a food source of selenium, may reduce your risk of developing certain types of cancers.

http://www.livestrong.com/article/310654-nutritional-value-of-tilapia-fish/#ixzz2eLCuCeBF

What do we grow in Aquaponics?

Swiss Chard - contains 716 percent of the DV for vitamin K, 214 percent of the DV for vitamin A, 53 percent of the DV for vitamin C

Swiss chard is a good source of antioxidants. Antioxidants may play a role in the prevention of some cancers, heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

http://www.livestrong.com/article/532308-nutritional-facts-of-cooked-swiss-chard/

What do we grow in Aquaponics?

Basil - may help reduce the effects of aging, according to Medical News Today. The herb is believed to contain components like antioxidants that offer anti-aging benefits.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/248798-medical-benefits-of-the-basil-herb/#ixzz2eLFEj0o1http://www.livestrong.com/article/310654-nutritional-value-of-tilapia-fish/#ixzz2eLCuCeBF

Sage - beneficial in treating fevers and colds, sore throat and headaches as well as indigestion and gastro-intestinal upsets

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/96369-health-benefits-sage-tea/#ixzz2eLFk8s3r

Chives-might contribute to lower cholesterol and blood pressure, which improves your overall health, particularly that of your heart. Allicin aids in cholesterol management by reducing your LDL levels and increasing your HDL levels. This nutrient might also cut your blood pressure and prevent dangerous blood clots.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/407900-health-benefits-of-chives/#ixzz2eLG10FZ2

What do we grow in Aquaponics?