Population,

Fertilization, &

Reproductive

Technologies

Barry Bean for BioS 10 & 90 5 October 2011 1

2

3

A.D. 2000

A.D.

1000 A.D.

1

1000

B.C.

2000

B.C. 3000 B.C.

4000 B.C.

5000

B.C.

6000

B.C.

7000 B.C.

1+ million years

8

7

6

5

2

1

4

3

Old Stone Age New Stone Age

Bronze Age

Iron Age

Middle Ages

Modern Age

Black Death — The Plague

9

10

11

12

A.D. 3000

A.D. 4000

A.D. 5000

1800

1900

1950

1975

2000

2100

Future

Billions

Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).

World Population Growth Through History

4

from Sylvia Mader,

Human

Reproductive

Biology, 3rd ed.

All sexually

reproducing

organisms do

something like

this!

5

Zygo- = yoked,

paired [Greek]

The most important day of your life…

6

World Population Clock

math.berkeley.edu/~galen/popclk.html

7

from Sylvia Mader, Human Reproductive Biology

250 m

0.16 miles

8

From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th ed., 2008

9

From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th ed., 2008 10

From: Rupert Amann, Journal of Andrology,

Vol. 29, No. 5, September/October 2008

DSP = daily sperm production ~108/day

11

“Mammalian Fertilization” R.Yanagimachi, 1994.

http://usuarios.lycos.es/biologiacelular1/Aparato%20reproductor%20

masculino8_archivos/532047.jpg

12

Consider the role of each

compartment…

http://www.cnuh.co.kr/kckang/FemaleReproductiveMedicine/images/fig2

5-003.png 13

from Sylvia Mader,

Human

Reproductive

Biology, 3rd ed.

14

15

16

Fig. 06-07 from Sylvia Mader,

Human

Reproductive

Biology, 3rd ed.

17

Fertilization

Green=Acrosome

Purple=Zona

Pelludica

Gray= Sperm w/out

Acrosome

**note that the

acrosome

compartment

opened after contact

with the zona

pellucida

http://www.nature.com/fertility/content/images/ncb-nm-fertilitys57-f1.jpg 18

Gametes are prefabricated for action, a

cascade of functions.

Gamete production includes unique

patterns of gene expression and

regulation.

Gametes have complex structure and

many phenotypes.

Every Gamete is a genetically distinct

human individual!

19

From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th ed., 2008 20

Try to

remember…

when you

were

gametes !

Think like a sperm…

Think like an oocyte… 21

22

Adapted from

Barratt et al. Journal of Biology 2009 8:63

From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th ed., 2008 23

Jennifer Venditti 24

from Sylvia Mader, Human Reproductive Biology

And then…

25

26

Reproductive Technologies

Half of Pregnancies are Unwanted…

Contraception

Infertility Subfertility

27

Donor or husband insemination

Intrauterine insemination

Sperm cryopreservation

Embryo cryopreservation and now, oocyte cryopreservation

In Vitro Fertilization & Embryo Transfer

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Reproductive Technologies

28

Ethics &

Controversies