POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES OF SUGARCANE

(Saccharum officinarum L.)

Aamir Shahazad (Nematologist) Dr. Shahid Afghan (Director Research)

Shakarganj Sugar Research Institute, Toba Road, Jhang

INTRODUCTION

A survey on frequency and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes 2008-2009

Locations selected

Sample size

Population trends of nematodes on plant and ratoon crops

Population range of plant parasitic nematodes

Identification of Genera (Helicotylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus)

Prominence range (20 % to 45.9 %)

Ascaris lumbricoides

Pratylenchus spp.

The Nematode Community...

Meloidogyne Spp.

Helicotylenchus spp.

Hoplolaimus spp.

Tylenchorhynchus spp.

Materials and Methods

Survey of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Soil Sampling

Sieving

Processing

Genera Identification

Plant parasitic nematodes were identified up to genera level comparing their morphology

with the coordination of “ National Nematological Research Centre”(NNRC), Karachi

University. But Root knot nematodes were identified up to genera level by studying their

morphology and perineal pattern (Taylor and Sasser1978).

Quantitative Analysis:

Nematodes Population in 5 ml of suspension: 1 2 3 Mean 1363 1332 1468 1388 5 ml of suspension contain Nematodes = 1388 1 ml _____________________ = 1388/5100 ml ___________________ = 1388/5*100 = 27760Total no. of Nematodes in 500gm of Soil= 27760

Qualitative Analysis:

Total no. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in 100 ml = 523

Helicotylenchus =202 Pratylenchus = 58Hoplolaimus = 29 Hemicriconemoide = 234

523 no. plant parasitic nematodes contain Hemi.= 2341 ______________________________ =

234/523100 _____________________________ =

234/523*100

Hemicriconemoide in sample is = 45 %

Results and Discussion

Results and

Discussion

Table-1 Population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with soils and roots of sugarcane

Locations Nem./500g of soil Nem./200g of root

Faisalabad 3311 a 773 a

Layyah 2906 e 365 e

Sargodha 3203 b 576 c

Kamalia 2651 g 114 g

Gojra 3051 d 635 b

Samundary 2721 b 369 e

Shorkot 3172 f 666 b

Chiniot 3113 c 514 d

Sahiwal 3159 b 184 f

Jhang 2902 e 621 e

Table-2 Population of Nematodes at two different times of sugarcane

Locations Population of Nematodes / 500 g of soil

Before Planting After Harvesting

Faisalabad 808 f 773 a

Layyah 1824 a 365 e

Sargodha 1110 d 576 c

Kamalia 1268 c 114 g

Gojra 1468 b 635 b

Samundary 597.0 gh 369 e

Shorkot 334 no 666 b

Chiniot 586 hi 514 d

Sahiwal 1761 a 184 f

Jhang 521 h-k 621 e

Mean 1028 2426

Table-3 Distribution of Plant Parasitic Nematodes associated with sugarcane

Locations Nematode Genera at different Locations

Prat. (%) Hel. (%) Tyl. (%) Hem. (%) Hop. (%)

Faisalabad + (8) +++ (57) +++ (60) + (2) ++ (11)

Layyah + (7) +++ (58) ++ (18) ++ (13) + (3)

Sargodha ++ (11) +++ (50) ++ (19) ++ (15) + (3)

Kamalia +++ (58) ++ (35) ++ (14) ++ (14) + (6)

Gojra ++ (10) ++ (36) ++ (17) ++ (16) + (2)

Samundary ++ (11) +++ (60) ++ (22) + (8) + (5)

Shorkot + (17) ++ (29) ++ (12) ++ (13) + (7)

Chiniot + (8) +++ (75) ++ (19) + (5) + (3)

Sahiwal + (8) +++ (48) ++ (17) ++ (29) + (1)

Jhang + (3) ++ (11) + (2) + (3) ++ (17)

0 = not recorded; + = Present in survey; ++ = Common; +++ = Widespread

Discussion

Survey showed that Tylenchorhynchus, Helicotylenchus, Hemicriconemoide and Pratylenchus were the most frequently found genera of Nematodes in Central Punjab.

Problem was more severe in ratoon crop than plant crop.

Conclusion

The results indicate Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, and Hemicriconemoide spp., were the most common nematodes in cane fields.

Nematode population was higher in sandy soil compared to Clay loam soil.

Previous studeis has shown that nematodes caused a significant reduction in yield and quality of sugarcane crop.

Control Measures

Sanitation: Avoid introducing pests to new locations

Crop Rotation: Reducing population in a site by growing a poor

or non host

Heat Therapy: Pasturization and Solarization of soil

Biological Control: Use of Pasturia, Dactyleria brochophaga,

Arthrobotrys oligospora

Use of Chemical: Methyl Bromide, Carbofuran @ 8 kg per acre. May

be mixed with basal doze of fertilizer at planting time.

References Anonymous 2009. Economic Survey on Crop situation. Federal

Bureau of stistics. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. pp 10.

Anwar, S. A.; Kallu, M. A.; Javid, M.A. and Khan, S. H., 1986. Nematode parasites of sug arcane J. Agri. Res., Lahore, 24: 123-127. Choice

Cueva, C. & Carbonell, E. (1979). Sugarcane nematodes in peru. Boll. Tech. Divn. Tech. Instt.Central invest Azuc., 8: 59-68.

Gul, F. and P. Khan (2005) Assessment of plant parasitic nematodes associated with sugarcane crop in district Charsadda, NWFP province. Pak. J. Nematol, 23(1): 51-56.