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Population-based Maternal and Child Health Survey Mawlamyinegyun Township 2013

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Population-based Maternal and Child Health Survey

Mawlamyinegyun Township

Joint Initiative on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health

Jan 2013


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Population-based Maternal and Child Health Survey

Mawlamyinegyun Township

Jan 2013


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ABBREVIATIONS

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BCC Behaviour Change Communication

DPT Diptheria Pertussis Tetanus

ESEA East Asia and South-East Asia

HMIS Health Management Information System

ICPD International Conference on Population and Development

IOM International Organization for Migration

IPs Implementing Partners

KPC Knowledge, Practice and Coverage

LHV Lady Health Visitor

JIMNCH Joint Initiative on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health

MDG Millennium Development Goals

MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

MMR Maternal Mortality Rate

MMRD Myanmar Marketing Research and Development

NCHS National Centre for Health Statistics

ORT Oral Rehydration Therapy

PHC Primary Health Care

PONREPP Post-Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan

PPS Probability Proportionate to Size

PR IV Post-Nargis Periodic Review IV

PSUs Primary Sampling Units

SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences

TB Tuberculosis

TBA Traditional Birth Attendant

TCG Tripartite Core Group

UN United Nations

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services

WHO World Health Organization


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Acknowledgements

Myanmar Marketing Research and Development (MMRD) Company Limited would like to thank all the

persons involved in this study, especially colleagues from the United Nations Office for Project Services

(UNOPS), colleagues from the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF), and Sophie Alexander from the

Perinatal Epidemiology and Reproductive Health Unit of the Ecole de Santé Publique.

Lastly and not the least, MMRD would like to express appreciation for the time and effort of the

volunteers and the implementing partners in completing the field data collection in six townships in

the delta region. Without their indispensable work, this report would not have been possible.


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Contents

Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 6

1. Background ........................................................................................................................................... 11

2. Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ 12

2.1. Survey Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 12

2.2. Study Design................................................................................................................................. 12

2.3. Study population .......................................................................................................................... 12

2.4. Sampling Design and Size ............................................................................................................. 12

2.5. Sampling frame and Selection of Clusters ................................................................................... 13

2.6. Questionnaires ............................................................................................................................. 13

2.7. Validity ......................................................................................................................................... 14

2.8. Data Collection Method ............................................................................................................... 14

2.9. Data Collection Process and Quality Control ............................................................................... 15

2.10. Data entry and Analysis ............................................................................................................. 15

2.11. Ethical Consideration ................................................................................................................. 15

2.12. Time Frame ................................................................................................................................ 16

2.13. Research Limitations .................................................................................................................. 16

3. Findings ................................................................................................................................................. 18

3.1. Demographic data ........................................................................................................................ 18

3.2. Maternal Health ........................................................................................................................... 20

3.2.1. Obstetric History ..................................................................................................................... 20

3.2.2. Migration................................................................................................................................. 22

3.2.3. Antenatal Care ........................................................................................................................ 23

3.2.4. Delivery and Newborn Care .................................................................................................... 28

3.2.5. Post-Partum Period ................................................................................................................. 30

3.2.6. Contraceptive .......................................................................................................................... 31

3.3. Under five ........................................................................................................................................... 32

3.3.1. Breastfeeding and food supplementary ................................................................................... 32

3.3.2. Immunization .......................................................................................................................... 33

3.3.3. Vitamin A Module ................................................................................................................... 35

3.3.4. Care of Illness .......................................................................................................................... 35

3.3.5. Growth Monitoring and child anthrometry ............................................................................ 39

4. Conclusion and recommendation ........................................................................................................ 40

Annnex-1 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ 45

Annex- 2 Questionnaire in English ........................................................................................................... 84

Annex- 3 Questionnaire in Myanmar .................................................................................................... 109


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Executive Summary

Goal 5 of the Millennium Development Goals1 aims to reduce the number of maternal deaths per

100,000 births by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015. Goal 4 aims to reduce under five mortality

by two-thirds in 2015. In order to achieve these millennium goals, Myanmar requires not only

strengthening the quality of its existing maternal and child health services but also increasing the

coverage area of the services.

The Joint Initiative for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (JIMNCH) plan for the 11 most affected

townships in the delta region was approved by Tripartite Core Group2 in December 2008 following

Cyclone Nargis. The three-year JIMNCH’s objective is to increase access to essential maternal and child

health services through strengthening and coordination of health systems, capacity building, referral

systems and improved community education and outreach. JIMNCH is currently being implemented in

six affected townships, including Mawlamyinegyun, under a joint partnership approach between

respective Township Health Departments and service implementing partners.

International Organization for Migration (IOM) is responsible for technical and financial support for the

implementation and monitoring of the activities of the JIMNCH in Mawlamyinegyun township.

This survey is a cross sectional quantitative study which aims to understand and measure knowledge,

practices and coverage of health behaviours and services specifically related to maternal and child

health in the implementing project areas. The study population was mothers residing in

Mawlamyinegyuntownship who have under five children. As a survey tool for household data

collection, the JIMNCH structured questionnaire was developed based on four established

questionnaires: the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2009-10, the Post-Nargis Periodic Review

IV, the Demographic and Health Survey, and the KPC 2000+. The total sample size was 900 households

for Mawlamyinegyun township, which included 30 households with under five mothers per village in

30 villages.

For the maternal health status, 69.1 per cent of women had antenatal care provided by skilled health

personnel3, and 60 per cent of those women had at least four visits of antenatal care. During the

antenatal care visit, at least three activities including blood pressure, weight measurement, abdominal

examination, blood test, urine sample, and vitamin B and iron supplements were given to 87.5 per cent

of the women. At least two tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy were given to 92.4 per cent of

the women.

The delivery by a health professional or skilled attendant was experienced by 46.9 per cent of

mothers while 31.9 per cent of mothers experienced institutional delivery in a hospital or healthcare

centre.In breastfeeding, timely initiation of breastfeeding as defined by those who immediately

breastfed their infants was fond in 96.7 per cent of the population while 98.7 per cent breastfed within

1Millennium Summit, New York (2000)

2 The Tripartite Core Group (TCG) included the Government of the Union of Myanmar, ASEAN and United Nations partners.

3 Defined as either a medical doctor, nurse, midwife, or lady health visitor


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24 hours after birth. Exclusive breast feeding was reported in 74.4 per cent of children of 0- 5 months

(under 6 months of age).

In the immunization profile of under five children, the coverage of DPT (completed DPT 3) was 86.3 per

cent, Measles 1 was 71.6 per cent, and fully immunized children (DPT 3 and Measles 1) was 68.4 per

cent. Vitamin A supplementation of under five was reported in 87.7 per cent of the children.

Use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) was found to treat children with diarrhoea was found in 67.8 per

cent of cases. Children with coughs in the last two weeks who were treated with antibiotics was 36.4

per cent.

In terms of the nutritional profile of children between six and fifty-nine months of age, the prevalence

of underweight children was 38.3 per cent, with a breakdown of those moderately underweight at

32.6 per cent and severely underweight at 5.7 per cent . The prevalence of children wasting was 11.2

per cent, with a breakdown of those moderately wasting at 9.4 per cent and severely wasting at 1.6

per cent. The prevalence rate of children stunting was 35.5 per cent, with a breakdown of those

moderately stunting at 25.2 per cent and severely stunting at 10.3 per cent

Although many indicators concerning with mother and child health were extractable from the

questionnaire, limitations such as missing, incomplete or inappropriate data recorded in the

questionnaires may affect the final statistics and analysis. For example, missing or incorrect nutritional

data on children’s height and weight was found in 27.6 per cent of the questionnaires and therefore

excluded. The final analysis was done only on answers that were deemed complete.

The major findings for Mawlamyinegyun township are listed in the following table of summary of

findings (Table. A), and the Key indicators in comparison with those of PR IV 4 (July 2010) which was

done in Nargis-affected delta region as a reference in Table. B.

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The PR IV is the final Periodic Review exercise undertaken under the TCG mandate. Data for the PR IV was collected from 3 May to 29

May 2010 representing the same 30 Cyclone Nargis-affected townships mainly in delta region. As in previous Periodic Reviews I, II and III,

the fourth monitored the status of Cyclone Nargis-affected households on a number of dimensions in the two years since the disaster,

looking at the worst-affected areas. The purpose of this monitoring was to show change or progress in affected areas that can inform

decisions on developing, evaluating or adjusting assistance strategies. Findings are primarily presented grouped by the PONREPP themes

of Healthy Lives, Productive Lives and Protected Lives.


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Table. A Summary of Findings

MATERNAL HEALTH INDICATORS Per cent

Antenatal care (ANC) coverage;

- one or more visits

- At least four times

95.5

60.1

Proportion of pregnant women vaccinated against TT2+ 94.8

Mothersreceivingiron tablets during most recent pregnancy 91.1

Proportion of births attended by;

- Skilled personnel

- Trained AMW

- TBA

46.9

7.7

40.9

Deliveries

- Home deliveries

- Institutional deliveries

68.1

31.9

Percentage of women who received at least 2 PNC visits within 6 weeks of delivery.

(by Skilled Birth Attendants)

36.5

Mother received vitamin A within 6 weeks after birth: 61.3

Maternal knowledge of two or more valid danger signs:

- during pregnancy

- during delivery

- during post partum period

- In newborn

21.7

42.9

45.4

30.7

CHILD HEALTH INDICATORS

Breastfeeding

Child put to breast within first hour of birth 96.9

Child put to breast within first 24 hours of birth 100

Continued breastfeeding 6-23 months 26.4

Exclusive breastfeeding among 0-5 months of age 74.4

Growth Monitoring(Under five)

Children with growth monitoring card (seen) 6.4

Children who received de-worming in the last 6 months. 52

Child Anthropometry (6-59 months)

Prevalence of wasted children 11.0

Prevalence of underweight children 38.3

Prevalence of stunted children 35.5

Immunization

Children with vaccination card (seen) 52.2

Proportion of 12-23 month olds vaccinated against DPT3. (by card) 86.3

Proportion of 12-23 month olds vaccinated against DPT3. (by card + recall) 79.7

Proportion of 12-23 month olds vaccinated against measles. (by card) 71.6

Proportion of 12-23 month olds vaccinated against measles. (by card + recall) 80.8

Child with complete immunization coverage before their first birthday (by card) 67.4

Child receiving no immunizations 1.6

The child aged 6-11 months old received vitamin A 9.3

The child aged 12-59 months old received vitamin A 78.5

Care of illness

Proportion of children 0-59 months with diarrhoea receiving appropriate oral rehydration

therapy

67.8

Child with diarrhoea given zinc tablets 1.7

Proportion of children 0-59 months with pneumonia who treated with antibiotics 36.4

Maternal knowledge of two or more diarrhoea danger signs of children 34.3


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Maternal knowledge of two or more severe signs of ARI 28.7

Maternal knowledge of two or more danger signs to seek treatment in children 37.4

When the child got diarrhoea, he/she was given food.

- Stopped feeding

-More than usual

- Less than usual

6.6

4.1

56.2

FAMILY PLANNING HEALTH INDICATORS

Contraceptive prevalence 79.5

Main form of contraception -Injectable 66.8

WATER INDICATORS

Main source of drinking water

-Surface water

- Dug Well/pond

- Piped water

-Improve Water Source*

52.7

29.7

10.1

25.2

Percentage of population who treated drinking water 98.0

The most common method of treating drinking water is - strain it through a cloth 87.4

* Including piped water, protected well and protected spring


10

NA=not applicable

5 ,

6recorded

7Weight for height, among 6-59 months

Table-B Key Indicators in Comparison

Key Indicators JIMNCH 2013

PR IV

2010

Numerator Denominator Per cent Per cent

Maternal Health

Proportion of births attended by skilled

personnel

188 401 46.9 41

Per centage of pregnant women who

received antenatal care at least four

times

230 383 60.1 NA

Per centage of pregnant women who

received antenatal care at least four

times by health professional

165 383 43.1 NA

Proportion of delivery in health facilities

(NOT at home)

128 401 31.9 14

Proportion of pregnant women who

received at least 2 tetanus toxoid

380 401 94.8 77

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 590 742 79.5 NA

Under five Health

Immunization

Proportion of 12-23 montholds

vaccinated against DPT3

82 95 86.35 78

Proportion of 12-23 month olds

vaccinated against Measles

68 95 71.66 89

Care of illness

Proportion of children 0-59 months with

diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration

therapy

82 121 67.8 55

Proportion of children under 0-59

months with pneumonia who treated

correctly with antibiotics

47 129 36.4 NA

Breastfeeding

Proportion of 0-6 montholds (under 6

months of age) who were exclusively

breastfed

87 117 74.4 31

Nutrition

Proportion of malnourished children

between 6-59 months

(Global Acute Malnutrition)

75 682 11.07 NA


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1. Background

Myanmar was severely struck by Cyclone Nargis in 2 May 2008, especially in its south-western delta

region. The total population of more than seven millions of mainly rural people was affected by the

storm and many lost family members, homes and livelihoods8. Billions of dollar were lost due to huge

damage caused by it. Among the affected population, the children and mothers of various ages were

no exception. Cyclone Nargis severely impacted the health system and its capacity to deliver essential

services. At the same time, the status of maternal and child health in Myanmar was in poor state for

many decades which simply needed for improvement urgently.

In December 2008 the Tripartite Core Group (TCG) approved the Health PONREPP later known as the

Joint Initiative on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (JIMNCH) plan for the 11 most affected

townships by the Cyclone Nargis. The three year JIMNCH’s main objective was to increase access to

essential maternal and child health services, through strengthening and coordination of health

systems, capacity building, referral systems and improved community education and outreach, which is

also in line with the Government of Myanmar’s National Health Plan’s objective to achieve “health for

all” using a primary health care approach and increasing the quantity and quality of medical services

human resources. JIMNCH is currently being implemented in six affected townships, including

Mawlamyinegyun, under a joint partnership approach between respective Township Health

Departments and service implementing partners.

Mawlamyinegyun township is one of the most affected areas by the Cyclone Nargis. The population of

Mawlamyinegyun is primarily rural, living in 109 village tracts. IOMis responsible for technical and

financial support to implementation and monitoring of the activities of the Health JIMNCH Joint Work

Plan for Mawlamyinegyun.Based on the Organization’s past experience, Mawlamyinegyun township

profile, and the assessment, the following have been identified as the most pressing gaps in the

delivery of and access to health services in Mawlamyinegyun which include:

• Skills and capacity of health workers, including skilled birth attendants, and adequacy of

health coverage, including immunization, particularly in remote areas

• Availability of essential medical equipment and supplies, prohibitively high costs of

referrals, medical services and supplies, and transportation to health facilities

JIMNCH achieves its aim by assisting township health personnel, basic health staff and village health

committees in establishing quality maternal, newborn and child health care system. Key interventions

include: 1) at the township level - JIMNCH improves Township coordination, monitoring and

supervision mechanism; and builds basic health staff capacity; 2) at the rural health centre level -

JIMNCH ensures accessibility of essential maternal and child health care services as well as strengthens

coordination, monitoring and supervision mechanism; 3) at the community level- JIMNCH empowers

communities to actively plan, access and monitor health services and practices through the

revitalization of village health committees, supporting committee members to participate in rural

health centre meetings, and provision of emergency referral funds.

8Tripartites Core Group: Post-Nargis Periodic Review IV (July 2010)


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2. Methodology

2.1. Survey Objectives

Theobjectives of thecommunity-based maternal and child health survey include reference to JIMNCH

key indicators (Table-B). The survey objectives are:

1. To set township-specific baseline and to assess the progress of result indicators disaggregated

by gender and socio-economic status

2. To measure yearly results and impact for 2011/2012

3. To use as a community-based resource for triangulation with other surveys and data sources

2.2. Study Design

It is evaluative study design.

2.3. Study population

This survey aims to understand and measure knowledge, practices and coverage of health behaviours

and services specifically related to maternal and child health. Hence, the study population is mothers

who have under five year old children and are residing in Mawlamyinegyun Township.

2.4. Sampling Design and Size

Sample size for the Community-based Maternal and Child Health was calculated to be 900 households.

Key indicator used to calculate the sample size was proportion ofunder five children with diarrhoea

receiving oral rehydration therapy. The following formula was used to estimate sample size for the

indicator:

N= D��α2×�×��×�.��2×�× h

�

N= Total sample size (883.8 ~ 900)

Zα2=

3.84 (confidence level of 95per cent)

d=Accuracy desired= 10per cent= 0.10

D= Design effect= 1.75

P= Proportion of the total population upon which the indicator, r, is based (0.046)

r= Predicted or anticipated prevalence (coverage rate) of the indicator (0.55)

nh= Average household size (4.5)

1.1 is the factor necessary to raise the sample size by 10per cent for non-response


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Based on Post-Nargis Periodic Review 4, proportion of under five children with diarrhoea receiving oral

rehydration therapy is estimated as 55per cent. And for the proportion of the total population on

which the key indicator is based, is under-2 population size (0.046), after considering resource

availability.

The resulting number of households from this exercise is883.8 households which is the sample size

needed, however, it is decided to cover 900 households. The average cluster size is determined as 30

households which imply a total of 30 clusters for the community-based maternal and child health

survey.

2.5. Sampling frame and Selection of Clusters

Updated list of villages with their population sizeswas obtained through Township Health Department

and used as sampling frame for the selection of clusters. In urban area, wards were defined as primary

sampling units (PSUs), and in rural areas, villages were defined as PSUs. They were selected from the

sampling domain by using systematic PPS (probability proportional to size) sampling procedure. Within

each cluster, 30 households were selected randomly and motherfrom each household were selected to

interview about herself, about the household, and all of her children of under five age.

The list of villages studied and sample of household of Mawlamyinegyun as followed Table. 1 (Annex-

1).

2.6. Questionnaires

Structured questionnaires, developed based on four established questionnaires, namely

1) MICS9(Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) 2009-10,

2) Post-Nargis Periodic Review IV10

,

3) Demographic and Health Survey Methodology11

and

4) KPC 2000+ modules12

were used for data collection.

9Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development and Ministry of Health, Myanmar, 2011. Myanmar Multiple Indicator Cluster

Survey 2009-2010 Final Report. Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.Ministry of National Planning and Economics Development and Ministry of Health,

Myanmar.

10

Tripartite Core Group (TCG), Periodic Review IV, July 2010.

11

ICF International. 2011. Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology - Questionnaires:

Household, Woman’s, and Man’s. MEASURE DHS Phase III: Calverton, Maryland, USA.

http://www.measuredhs.com/publications/publication-DHSQ6-DHS-Questionnaires-and-Manuals.cfm

12

Population Council, 2007.Knowledge, Practice and Coverage Baseline Survey.


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The questionnaire is made up of three components:

1) Woman’s background, including

� Marital status

� Education

� Past obstetric history

� Under five children listing (dead or alive)

2) Questionnaire for household, including

� Household characteristics

� Water and sanitation

� Migration

� Household expenditure

3) Questionnaire for mothers, including

� Antenatal care

� Delivery and immediate newborn care

� Postpartum care

� Contraceptive prevalence

4) Questionnaire for under five children, including

� Breastfeeding

� Immunization

� Vitamin A module

� Care of illness

� Growth monitoring and anthropometry

The full version of the Questionnaire set in English and Myanmar language are in the Annex- 2 and -3.

2.7. Validity

Questionnaires in Myanmar version mostly contain questionnaires from Myanmar Multiple Indicator

Cluster Survey (2009-2010) which have already been pre-tested and modified. Other questionnaires in

Myanmar have been referenced from reliable sources13

and have been repeatedly checked by

technical experts from respective departments under the Ministry of Health, who are also members of

survey technical working group.

2.8. Data Collection Method

After being approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Research, initial preparation meetings were

held with Township Health Department in order to plan for enumerator training and data collection

process. All interviews were administered by trained enumeratorswho have satisfactory education

13

Refer to 2.6 Questionnaires


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credentials. IOM’s health team members, school teachers and local volunteers from other NGOs such

as Myanmar Red Cross Association and Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association were act as

enumerators. Structured survey questionnaires were administered by trained enumerators after

explaining about the objectives of the survey and receiving the respondents’verbal consent.

Enumerators and supervisors clarified any issues or concerns the respondents have, regarding the

survey. Each interview took about 60 minutes at maximum for each respondent.

In single township, there were 6 data collector teams, with 3 enumerators in each team, making total

of 18 members. One supervisor for two teams and total 3 supervisors in a township studied.

2.9. Data Collection Process and Quality Control

A short training including field practice, with the support from Township Health Department, was

providedto the supervisors and enumerators. Training included survey objectives, interviewing

techniques, contents of the questionnaires, anthropometry measurements, and mapping and listing

teams and households. All enumerators were required to adopt the same approach in explaining the

survey, phrasing particular questions, and recording the responses. They were particularly trained to

avoid asking leading questions when phrasing the questionnaires to the respondents and reading out

the answer responses.Datawas collected at the randomly chosen villages as planned,with assigned

team supervisors who were responsible for overseeing the whole data collection process, including on-

the-spot verification of completed questionnaire submitted by the enumerators. If the response was

not clear or incomplete, the respondents asked again to clarify their response.

2.10. Data entry and Analysis

Enumerators checked completed survey questionnaires for accuracy in the field, so that any missing

information could be gathered before the data collection team left the village. Then completed survey

questionnaires were reviewed by the supervisors. Data was cleaned, entered and analyzed by the data

processing team using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13. The nutritional

status on children was analyzed with ENA for SMART version 114

software programme. The result of

nutritional status was based on the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS)(1977) standard. In

calculation of wealth index quintile for some cross tabulations, the syntax of MICS was applied.

For checking of data quality, a team of six members and for the data entry five members was used.

One data processing manager closely monitored the whole process. Then frequencies, cross

tabulations and association of key variables as appropriate for analysis were performed by three

members.

2.11. Ethical Consideration

Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee for Human Research. Enumerators were

required to explicitly explain about the study in order to obtain the respondents’informed consent

14Nutrisurvey (2007)


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before beginning the survey. Respondents’ confidentiality was assured by omitting names or any

information that could be in anyway used for identification when the results of survey were published

or shared among different stakeholders. More importantly, enumerators were trained to ask the

questionnaires with sensitivity and respect. The respondents were also informed that they had the

right to discontinue the interview at anytime or choose not to answer any part from the survey.

Enumerators were instructed to refrain from helping respondents neither to answer any questions nor

to give any kind of coercion to answer questions. Moreover, respondents were encouraged to discuss

any problems they encountered during the interview process with the supervisor or the enumerator.

2.12. Time Frame

The duration of the survey was four weeks. The field team started data collection at 7.11.12 and ended

their work at 18.11.12 in Mawlamyinegyun township (total 12 days). The field team composed of 30

enumerators with five field supervisors.

2.13. Research Limitations

Volunteer data collectors: With the sample population of 5,400 households in diverse geographical

area in six townships of delta region and the aid of many IPs involved, this survey relied on the effort of

a large number of local volunteers in the data collection procedure. The volunteers were from various

educational backgrounds, experience in survey procedure and knowledge on the concerned subject of

the study. They were extensively trained by the survey team trainers before going to the field area, but

the level of completeness of the answers in the questionnaires varied due to their backgrounds and

experience. Inconsistent or unclear answers were found during the data cleaning and checking of the

questionnaires by the data processing team of MMRD.

Supervision of the questioning process: Duringchecking of the answered questionnaire set, it was

found that at least 27.6 per cent (260/942) of the data of under five children (6-59 months) in question

number 121 on malnutrition status was missing either the measurement of height or weight without

any appropriate reason. There were many claims that the children were too young to take

measurements on their height or weight. It reflected the need to strengthen the supervision of the

completeness of the data collection process in a similar follow up study.

Calculation of nutritional status: When doing the calculation for the nutritional status of under five

children, it was not possible to use the ‘age’ data collected by the field staff which was recorded to the

nearest full year, not in months. This caused inaccuracy in calculating the exact nutritional status which

required the actual age, at least in total months of the child and its weight and height in standing or

lying down position. The analysis had to use the survey date, the day of data collection and the child’s

recorded birth date (not included exact ‘day’ again, so all the birth date of each child was assumed as

15th

of respective month) to calculate the child’s age to get the nutritional status of that particular

child. The child’s birth date in the questionnaire was also likely estimation by the mother in many of

the cases. Even a couple of months in the wrong estimation of the age of child may have some

considerable effect or change in calculation of the child’s nutritional status.


17

Indefinite explanation of some topics in questionnaire set: In the questionnaire set, certain questions

were repeatedly asking about the death of the children in different approach without exploring the

specific time of occurrence, such as in question number 7, 8, and 16. On the other hand, some were

focused on enquiring the ‘living’ or ‘alive status’ or ‘both died and alive’ of the children that a woman

of under five having or had (in the past), such as in question number 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18 and

19. Some of the questions concerning with the age of the particular child, again appeared in later part

in question number 87, 88. Nonetheless, there may have a better reason or intention in order to get

the data more confirmed by repeatedly asking more or less similar question, as a result, more

inconsistent data entry was achieved. Because of the importance of how constantly understood by the

enumerator and respondent alike in defining a word, ‘born alive but later died’ (question number 7), or

‘children later died’ (question number 8) which had some impact on the end result of the data output.

Although some question numbers which may have some good linkage to each other, it could not be

properly checked for its logical association between those sub-set of questions concerning with the

under five death or live birth later died because of the inconsistency of data collected. As a result,

some of the tables mentioned had limitations in their usefulness. Reliability of the findings was also in

doubt. At the same time, regarding to the words defined in certain numbers of the questions, for

instance, in question number 7, 18, 49, 55, 64, 74 and 78, some observable differences between

English version and Myanmar version of the question set were noticed. These discrepancies also

affected the interpretation and understanding of the respective topic.


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3. Findings

3.1 Demographic data

3.1.1 Sample size (Table. 2)

The total sample size was 900 mothers with under five children in thirty studied villages.

3.1.2 Age (Table. 3)

The majority 68.5 per cent of the respondent mothers were between twenty and thirty-four years old.

Another27 per cent of respondent mothers were older, between thirty-five and forty-four years old.

Only 2.1 per cent were in their teens and 2.4per cent were over forty-five years old.

3.1.3 Marital Status (Table. 4)

The majority 96.9 per cent of the mothers were married, while widowed or separated mothers were at

2.9 per cent. Divorced mothers were only at 0.2 per cent of the population.

3.1.4 Education (Table. 5)

Primary level education was received by 59.6 per cent of the mothers. Another 20 per cent had

attended middle/high school. Around 6 per cent of the mothers had never attended to school.

3.1.5 Wealth Index Quintile (Table. 6)

The wealth index quintile15

for surveyed households was calculated based on the questionnaires items

on household characteristics (question number 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, and 30), and those for water

and sanitation (question number 31, and 37). (Total of 10 questions)

3.1.6 Household members (Table. 7)

The majority 43.6 per cent of the mothers had a household size of four to five members. About 22.6

per cent and 24.2 per cent of the mothers respectively had households of either two to three

members, or six to seven members. Less than 10 per cent of the mothers had large households with

more than eight members.

15

Principal components analysis was performed by using information on the ownership of household goods and amenities (assets) to

assign weights to each household asset, and obtain wealth scores for each household in the sample (The assets used in these calculations

were as follows: persons per sleeping room, types of floor, roof, wall, type of cooking fuel used, electricity radio, television, mobile

phone, land line phone, refrigerator, ownership of watch, bicycle, motorcycle, boat/animal drawn cart, car, motorized boat/trawlargyi,

source of drinking water used, type of sanitation facility). Each household was then weighted by the number of household members, and

the household population was divided into five groups of equal size, from the poorest quintile to the richest quintile based on the wealth

score of households they are living in. The wealth index is assumed to capture the underlying long term wealth through information on

the household assets, and is intended to produce a ranking of households by wealth, from poorest to richest. The wealth index does not

provide information on absolute poverty, current income or expenditure levels, and the wealth scores calculated are applicable for only

for the particular data set they are based on. Further information on the construction of the wealth index can be found in Rutstein and

Johnson, 2004, and Filmer and Pritchett, 2001. (Footnote from MICS Report 2009-2010, page 10)


19

3.1.7 Water

3.1.7.1 Main source of drinking water (Table. 8. a. b)

Among all household surveyed, more than half 52.7 per cent got the main source of water from surface

water (including river, stream, dam, lake, canal, irrigation channel). Other main sources of drinking

water were from, dug well/pond (both protected and unprotected) (29.7 per cent), piped water (10.1

per cent) (including piped into dwelling, compound, yard or plot, public tap/standpipe, tube well

borehole etc.), rain water collection (5.2 per cent), water from spring (0.2 per cent) (both protected or

unprotected)and other sources (2.1 per cent) such as tanker-tuck, cart with small tank/drum or bottle

water (Figure-1). In other words, a forth25.2 per cent of the households got their drinking water mainly

from ‘Improved water source’, which included various types of piped water, protected dug well/pond

and protected spring. The majority 74.8 per cent of the sample households got it from ‘Unimproved

water source’. All the various types of water source not recognized as improved water source were

labeled as ‘Unimproved water source’.

Figure-1 Main Source of drinking water

Table.8.a Main Source of drinking water

Main source of drinking water Numerator Denominator per cent

Dug well/pond 267 900 29.7

Rainwater Collection 47 900 5.2

Piped water 91 900 10.1

Surface water 474 900 52.7

Water from spring 2 900 0.2

Other sources 19 900 2.1

TOTAL 900 900 100

30%

5%

10%

53%

0% 2%

Main Source of Drinking water

Dug well/pond

Rainwater Collection

Piped water

Surface water

Water from spring

Other sources


20

Table.8.b Type of Main Source of Drinking water


Numerator Denominator Percent

Improved water source 227 900 25.2

Unimproved water source 673 900 74.8

3.1.7.2 Treated drinking water and Methods used (Table. 8. c. d)

The majority 98 per cent of the households reported that they treat the water for safer drinking.

Among them, the most commonly observed type of method used was strain it through a clot in 87.4

per cent. The second commonest was letting the water stand and settle in 50.7 per cent. Boiling was

seen in 36.2 per cent. Other less common methods were addingalum (38.2 per cent), bleach/chlorine

(4.8 per cent), use water filter, solar disinfection, lime, abate powder, ceramic filter, and water purifier

etc.

3.2 Maternal Health

3.2.1 Obstetric History

3.2.1.1 Frequency of Pregnancy (Table. 9. a. b)

The prevalence of women having under five who reported being pregnant once, two to four times or

more than five times was 29.1 per cent, 53.4 per cent, and 17.4 per cent respectively.

The association between the number of pregnancies and the educational level of the respondent was

seen in Table.7.b. In sum, women who reported having five or more pregnancies were more likely to

have never attended school or to have only completed primary level education.

3.2.1.2 Child delivered (Table. 10)

The majority 53.4 per cent of mothers delivered two to four times, another 29.1 per cent of mothers

delivered only once, and 17.4 per cent of mothers delivered five times or more.

3.2.1.3 Frequency of Abortion (Table. 11)

The majority 85.8 per cent of mothers reported that they never had an abortion. Another 13.7 per cent

of the women reported that they had aborted once or twice while 0.4 per cent reported they had

aborted three to four times.

3.2.1.4 Number of living children (Table. 12)

The majority 54.1 per cent of mothers had between two to four children who were under five years old

and 35.3 per cent of mothers had one child under five. Mothers with more than five children in range

were found in 10.6 per cent of the households.

3.2.1.5 Alive birth that died (Table. 13)

The occurrence of a live birth that died within a few minutes or hours of the delivery was reported by

28.4 per cent of the mothers.


21

3.2.1.6 Number of children died (Table. 14. a. b)

The majority 66.8 per cent of mothers experienced the death of a child, while 31.3 per cent of mothers

experienced the death of between two to four children. Only 2 per cent of mothers experienced the

death of five or more children.

The association between the number of child deaths and demographic data was shown in Table.12.b.

3.2.1.7 Total children under five died (Table. 15)

Of the under five mortality rate, 78.3 per cent of the deaths were of infants below six months of age.

Nearly 40 per cent were from either neonatal (Less than one month) or one to five month of age.

Another 13 per cent between twelve to twenty-three months of age, and 4per cent between thirty-six

to forty-seven months of age.There was no death between twenty-four to thirty-five or forty-eight to

fifty-nine months group. (Figure. 2)

Figure -2 Total children under five died by age group and sex

3.2.1.8 Total number of children in household (Table. 16)

The majority 53.2per cent of the mothers had between two to four children in a household while 29

per cent of mothers had only one child in the household. Mothers with more than four children made

up 17.8 per cent of the respondents.

3.2.1.9 Single or twins born (Table. 17)

The majority 98.7 per cent of all children born were individual while 1.3 per cent twins.

3.2.1.10 Sex of child born (Table. 18)

Of all children born, boys made up 48.8 per cent while girls made up 51.2 per cent.

30.0

50.0

0

10.0

0

10.0

0

46.2

30.8

7.7

15.4

0 00

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

<1 month

(neonatal)

1-5 months 6-11 months 12-23 months 24-35 months 36-47 months 48-59 months

Total children under five died by age group and sex

Boy

Girl


22

3.2.1.11 Child still alive or not (Table. 19)

Only2.1 per cent of born children were not alive at the moment, while 97.9 per centof children were

reported to be alive.

3.2.1.12 Live birth in past 2 years (Table. 20)

The occurrence of live births in past two years reported by mothers was found to be 44.8 per cent.

3.2.1.13 Total children under five (alive) (Table. 21)

The number of living children in a household was fairly evenly spread among the age groups. Around

20 per cent of children were either from the twenty-four to thirty-five months or thirty-six to forty-

seven months age group. Around 17 per cent of living children were in the twelve to twenty-three

months and forty-eight to fifty-nine months age groups, respectively. Households with infants below

six months and six to eleven months made up 11.1 per cent each of the sample.

3.2.1.14 Children under five, whether living with mother or not (Table. 22)

All 100 per cent of the under five children lived with their mother at the moment of survey.

3.2.2 Migration

3.2.2.1 Household lived in this village before Nargis (Table. 21. a. b)

The majority 92.2 per cent of the respondents were native villagers while 7 per cent of the mothers

had moved to the village from somewhere else. Out of those moved to this village, 86 per cent were

had a history of moving from another village, the rest had stayed two different villages after Nargis.

3.2.2.2 Months or years moved here (Table. 22)

Of the mothers were not natives of the village, 57.8 per cent had lived there for two years or less, 26.6

per cent had lived there for three years and 15.6 per cent had lived there for four years.

3.2.2.3 Whether want to stay here or not (Table. 23)

The majority 97.9 per cent of the mothers stated that they would like to stay in the village/ward. Only

2 per cent said they would like to move to a new place.

Table. 21 Total children under-five (alive) by age group and sex

Children under-five

(alive)

Gender of child TOTAL

Boy Girl

Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent

0-5 months 56 11.1 61 11.1 117 11.1

6-11 months 54 10.7 67 12.2 121 11.5

12-23 months 94 18.6 88 16.0 182 17.3

24-35 months 98 19.4 125 22.8 223 21.1

36-47 months 119 23.5 111 20.2 230 21.8

48-59 months 85 16.8 97 17.7 182 17.3

TOTAL 506 100 549 100 1,055 100


23

3.2.2.4 Household have household registration document (Table. 24)

The majority 80.8 per cent of mothers had a household registration document while 19.2 per cent did

not have it or did not know if they had it.

3.2.2.5 The main language spoken (Table. 25)

In 96 per cent of the households, the main language spoken was Bamar (Myanmar). Other reported

languages were 4 per cent Kayin (Karen).

3.2.3 Antenatal Care

3.2.3.1. To go to health care: (Table. 26)

The majority 97.8 per cent of mothers knew that they should seek antenatal health care when they are

pregnant.

3.2.3.2. Caretaker of antenatal care: (Table. 27. a. b. c)

Mothers of under five who have ever visited skilled personnel for antenatal care recalled that they

were treated most commonly by a nurse or midwife at 62.1 per cent in their last pregnancy. Doctors

and lady health visitors were much less common at 16.2 and 11.7 per cent respectively. However, this

means 69.1 per cent of women with under five have received antenatal care with health professional

or skilled personnel (doctor, nurse/midwife, or lady health visitors) in their last pregnancy. Antenatal

care with other persons such as an auxiliary midwife, traditional birth attendant, community health

worker and nonspecific NGO staff was at 26.4 per cent. Although they went to a health care clinic, 4.5

per cent (18/401) of mothers did not receive any antenatal care in their last pregnancy.(Figure.3)

The association between types of antenatal care and demographic data of the respondents such as age

group, educational level, wealth index and per centage on health care expenditure was seen in Table

27.c. Respondents in the higher in the wealth index were more likely to have antenatal care with a

skilled health professional. Mothers in the poorer quintiles were more likely to seek antenatal care

from other sources, such as community health workers or relatives rather than skilled health

personnel.

Figure -3 Type of care takers in antenatal care

69.1%

26.4%

4.5%Type of care taker in antenatal care

Heath professional

(Skilled personnel)Other person

No one


24

3.2.3.3 Months of pregnancy received antenatal care and first month of received (Table. 28)

Around 46 per cent of under five mothers who received antenatal care in their last pregnancy started

their antenatal care in the third month of pregnancy. The second commonest were in fourth, fifth and

six months of pregnancy when they begun their antenatal care, 10.7, 10.4, and 10.2 per cent

respectively.

Table. 28 First month receiving antenatal care

The first month received antenatal

care for pregnancy Numerator Denominator per cent

1 9 383 2.3

2 39 383 10.2

3 176 383 46.0

4 41 383 10.7

5 40 383 10.4

6 34 383 8.9

7 23 383 6.0

8 10 383 2.6

9 5 383 1.3

Don’t know 6 383 1.6

3.2.3.4 Numbers of antenatal care received: (Table. 29. a. b)

The most common frequency of antenatal care visits in their last pregnancy among under five mothers

was four times for 26.1 per cent for mothers. Mothers who received antenatal care once, twice or four

times was 3.7 per cent, 11 per cent and 25.3 per cent respectively. Mothers who received antenatal

care four times and more wasin 60.1 per cent.

The association between number of antenatal care and demographic data was shown in Table.29.b


25

Table. 29.a Number of antenatal care received

Number of antenatal care received Numerator Denominator per cent

1 14 383 3.7

2 42 383 11.0

3 97 383 25.3

4 100 383 26.1

5 47 383 12.3

6 22 383 5.7

7 24 383 6.3

8 14 383 3.7

9 6 383 1.6

10 3 383 0.8

11 1 383 0.3

12 1 383 0.3

13 1 383 0.3

14 1 383 0.3

15 1 383 0.3

16 2 383 0.5

17 2 383 0.5

18 1 383 0.3


Antenatal care 4 times and above 230 383 60.1

3.2.3.5 Type of antenatal care provider and the numbers care received (Table. 30)

Depending on the type of antenatal care provider, the frequency of care was calculated. The rate of

women who received care from a skilled health professional once, twice or three times was 2.9 per

cent, 9.4 per cent and 24.2 per cent respectively. Those mothers who received antenatal care from a

skilled professional four times or more was 59.6 per cent. Those mothers who received antenatal care

from a skilled professional four times or more was 43.1 per cent out of all pregnant mothers who got

antenatal care.

The rate of women who received care from a non-health professional once, twice or three times was

5.7 per cent, 15.1 per cent and 28.3 per cent respectively. Those mothers who received antenatal care

from a non-skilled professional four times or more was 48.1 per cent.

3.2.3.6 Terms of pregnancy that antenatal care received (Table. 31)

Out of those who received antenatal care, more expecting mothers generally sought care as their due

dates drew closer. Within twelve weeks, twenty-six weeks, thirty-two weeks and thirty-six weeks of

pregnancy, the per cent of pregnant women who received antenatal increased by 83.9, 96.1 , 94.3 and

96.5 respectively.

3.2.3.7 Activities done in antenatal care (Table. 32)

Among the activities done in antenatal care, 94 per cent of expecting mothers received an abdomen

examination, 91.1 per cent received iron tablets, 87.5 per cent had their blood pressure checked, 86.2

per cent received vitamin-B1 tablets, 57.1 per cent were weighed, 45.3 per cent gave a urine sample


26

and 39.3 per cent gave a blood sample. Out of all those women who reported receiving antenatal care,

87.5 per cent, and 12.5 per cent reported that they received at least three or four of the above

activities during their last pregnancy. (Figure.4)

Figure-4 Number of activities done in antenatal care

3.2.3.8 Reason for not received antenatal care (Table. 33)

When exploring the reason among those who did not receive antenatal care, 16.7 per cent of the

women said that they thought that it was not necessary for them. Another 22.2 per cent of the women

reported that the location for antenatal care was too far away and 61.1 per cent said that it cost too

much. Other reasons cited included that the women felt they were in good health, had no form of

transportation to get there, were traveling all the time, had no time or felt shy to seek treatment.

3.2.3.9 Transportation type (Table. 34)

Around 44.6 per cent of the expecting mothers used foot transport to come to the place where they

received health treatment. Another 27.7 per cent of the women came by motor boat while 25.7 per

cent traveled by sampan16

. Around 7.5 per cent of mothers came by motorized vehicles. Trishaws,

bicycles and tollagyi (trawlagyi)17

transport was even less common.

3.2.3.10 Time to clinic (minutes) (Table. 35)

Travel time in the most frequently used method between the respondent home and the nearest health

post/clinicwas explored. It was found that the most common travel time was between fifteen to thirty

minutes in 41.1 per cent of the women while 20.9 per cent of women needed on average between

16

A small boat with a flat bottom used along the coasts and rivers of China and South East Asia (Cambridge Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary, Third edition © Cambridge University Press 2008)

17

A small vehicle running with a single cylinder diesel engine for transporting passengers and goods, especially in many rural areas of

Myanmar

87.5

12.5

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Number of activities in antenatal care

Number of activities done in antenatal care

At least 3 Activities

4 activities and above


27

thirty to sixty minutes to reach their destination. Health care centres that were very far or very close

were less common, with 20 per cent of women spending less than fifteen minutes to reach the clinic

and 18per cent of women spending more than sixty minutes to reach to the clinic.

3.2.3.11. Distance to clinic (Kilometre) (Table. 36. a. b. c)

Around 27.9 per cent of the respondents lived one to two Kilometres away from the clinic. Another 13

per cent of the respondents lived three to five Kilometres away.

The association between the distance to clinic and type of antenatal care provider the women sought

out was shown in Table.36.b. The frequency of antenatal care taken and distance to clinic were shown

in table.36.c.

3.2.3.12. Symptoms during pregnancy to immediate care (Table. 37)

When asked about severe symptoms during pregnancy, 50.1 per cent of women knew that vaginal

bleeding was a severe enough to seek immediate medical care while another 32.2 per cent and 23.9

per cent of women reported that severe abdominal pain or severe headache with blurred vision

respectively were cause for seeking immediate medical attention. Around 23.9 per cent and 16.5 per

cent of women reported that fits/convulsions and fever/too weak to get out of bed were severe

symptoms. Another 17 per cent of women said fast or difficulty in breathing was serious.

Of the all the women, 16.2 per cent could mention that toxaemia of pregnancy was a severe condition

to recognize but whether or not the women understood what the condition is exactly is unclear. Other

symptoms were mentioned such as no foetal movement, abnormal foetal position, high blood

pressure, dizziness/dyspnoea, varicose veins, weaken uterus, yellow coloration of eyes/jaundice, fall,

and dribbling but many women said they were not serious.

Around 21.7 per cent of the women recognized two important symptoms, and 14.7 per cent of the

women could name at least three symptoms. Another 14.7 per cent of women reported that they did

not know any symptoms at all that would require immediate medical attention.

3.2.3.13 Tetanus injection in pregnancy and frequencies of injection(Table.38)

The majority 94.8 per cent of those women who received antenatal care had a tetanus injection during

their last pregnancy. The coverage of receiving anti-tetanus toxoid for two times in delta region was

between 80.1-90.0 per cent18

. Among those women who got anti-tetanus toxoid during their last

pregnancy, 92.4 per cent received the vaccine at least twice.

18

Myanmar Health Statistics 2010, Health Management Information System (HMIS), Department of Health Planning, Ministry of Health,

Myanmar


28

Table.38 Tetanus injection in pregnancy

Tetanus injections in last pregnancy Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 380 401 94.8

No 21 401 5.2

Frequencies of tetanus injections Numerator Denominator per cent

Once 23 380 6.1

Twice 237 380 62.4

Thirce and above 114 380 30.0

Don’t Know 6 380 1.6

Tetanus injection at least 2 timesreceived 351 380 92.4

3.2.3.14 Previous tetanus injection, frequency and years before (Table. 39)

All members of respondedthat they had failed to take a tetanus injection with 100 per cent (29/29).

3.2.4 Delivery and Newborn Care

3.2.4.1 Delivery assisted (Table. 40. a. b. c)

Expecting mothers who were assisted by skilled personnel in the delivery of their babies were 46.9 per

cent. Among them (multiple choices), 29.7 per cent were assisted by a nurse or midwife, 23.7 per cent

by a doctor and 5.7 per cent by LHV. The rate of deliveries that were assisted by unskilled personnel

was 53.1 per cent. Among them (multiple choices), 7.7 per cent were assisted by auxiliary midwife,

40.9 per cent by a traditional birth attendant, and 12.2 per cent by relative or friends. (Figure.5)

The association between delivery assisted and demographic data was seen in Table 40.b. The

association between delivery assisted and distance to clinic was seen in Table 40.c.

Figure-5 Delivery assisted by whom

46.9

53.1

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Delivery assisted

Delivery assisted by whom

Heath professional

(Skilled personnel)

Other person


29

Table. 40.a Delivery assisted

Delivery assisted Numerator Denominator per cent

Heath professional (skilled personnel) 188 401 46.9

Doctor 95 401 23.7

Nurse/ Midwife 119 401 29.7

Lady Health Visitor 23 401 5.7

Other person 213 401 53.1

Auxiliary midwife 31 401 7.7

Traditional birth attendant 164 401 40.9

Community health worker 4 401 1.0

Relative/Friend 49 401 12.2

3.2.4.2 Place of birth (Table. 41. a. b. c)

In terms of place of delivery, 68.1 per cent of the women were at either their own homes or another

person’s house. Much less common were deliveries in a public hospital or clinic, which was reported by

30.7 per cent of the women. Women who delivered in a private medical facility were even rarer at only

1.2 per cent.

The association between place of delivery and demographic data was seen in Table. 41.b. The rate of

home delivery was found to be slightly increased for households falling in the poorer quintile of the

wealth index while the rate of delivery in public institutes increased for households in the richer

quintile of the index.

The place of birth and distance to clinic is cross tabulated in Table. 41. c.

3.2.4.3 Severe problem during delivery (Table. 42)

In recognizing severe problems during delivery, 26.4 per cent, 49.6 per cent, and 28.2per cent of the

women respectively knew that labour pain for more than twelve hours, heavy bleeding and failure to

go into labour six hours after their water broke were serious conditions. Another 29.9 per cent knew

that if the placenta was not expelled one hour after birth of baby, this was also serious. Another 27.7

per cent of the women reported that high or low blood pressure, transverse position of the fetus,

dizziness, loss of consciousness/seizures, uterine pain, weakness, difficulty in breathing, high fever and

shivering were severe symptoms to notice. Around 42.9 per cent the women recognized at least two

severe problems during delivery. However, 26.4 per cent of the women were unable to name any

severe symptoms at all.

3.2.4.4 Way of delivery (Table. 43)

The majority 86.8 per cent of the women reported that their last delivery was normal while another

11.7 per cent had caesarean sections. Only 1.5 per cent of the women reported that they needed

assisted delivery either by forceps or vacuum.

3.2.4.5 Type of assisted deliveryand reason (Table. 44)

All six women who reported having assisted delivery, was assisted through vacuum. The reason given

by the mother for the difficulty was because the baby was large in size.


30

3.2.4.6 Type of Caesarean (Table. 45)

Of the women who received caesarean sections, 51.1 per cent of the occurrences were on an

emergency basis and 48.9 per cent of the caesareans were planned.

3.2.5 Post-Partum Period

3.2.5.1 Symptoms after delivery (Table. 46)

Regarding severe symptoms post-delivery, 58.4 per cent, 33.4 per cent and 23.9per cent of the women

reported respectively that increased vaginal bleeding, having a fit and having a severe headache with

blurred vision were serious conditions. Only 44.6per cent of women named fever/too weak to get out

of bed, fast/difficult breathing and high blood pressure as important symptoms. At least 45.4per cent

of the women recognizedat least two symptoms as severe and14.5 per cent said they knew nothing

about it.

3.2.5.2 Mother health check after delivery and timing (Table. 47. a. b)

Mothers who received a health check after they delivered their babies were in the majority at 95.8 per

cent. Among those receiving the care, 98.9 per cent of mothers reported that they received it within

first hour after the delivery and 1 per cent of mothers reported that they received it days or weeks

later.

3.2.5.3 Health check for mother (4-6 weeks) (Table. 48. a. b. c)

A reported 37.5 per cent of the mothers delivered their babies received a health check by skilled

personnel. When asking about who checked their baby in a multiple answer choices specifically 36.7

per cent with a nurse/midwife, 19 per cent with a doctor, and 4.7 per cent with LHV four to six weeks

after delivery (multiple answers). Another 61.7 per cent of the mothers had health checks from other

persons, specifically 32.8 per cent with traditional birth attendant, 10.9 per cent with auxiliary midwife

and 2.1 per cent each with a relative or no examination at all.

The association between who gives the health check for mother and demographic data was shown in

Table 48.b. The association between health check for mother (4-6 weeks) by whom and distance to

clinic was shown in Table 48.c.

3.2.5.4 Frequency of post natal care (for mother) in 6 weeks (Table. 49. a. b. c)

The frequency of post natal care within a six-week period was 4.2 per cent, 7.6 per cent and 14.3 per

cent for mothers who received care once, twice and three times, respectively. The majority 64.4 per

cent of mothers received post natal five times or more.

The association between the frequency of post natal care in six weeks and demographic data was

shown in Table.49.b. In getting five or more times of care, the richer quintile had slightly more

occurrences than those in poorer quintile. The association between the frequency of post natal care

and distance to clinic was shown in Table.49.c.


31

3.2.5.5 Child health check, when and by whom (Table. 50. a. b)

The majority 94 per cent of mothers received a health check for their child delivered. The rest of the

mothers, 6 per cent received none. Among those mothers who received health checks for their

newborn, the majority 99.2 per cent experienced it within onehour of delivery.

3.2.5.6 Child health check in4- 6 weeks (Table. 51)

The health check for the newborn baby in 4-6 weeks was done mainly by non-skilled persons, 60.2 per

cent and by the health professional category, 39 per cent. Among the health professional group, by

allowing multiple answers,it was reported that nurse or midwife were most commonly seen, 43.2 per

cent. Among other person category (also in multiple answer allowed), traditional birth attendant were

commonest, 32.9 per cent, followed by relative, 29.7 per cent (In PR IV, it was reported that 70 per

cent of the 274 newborn children were examined within the first six weeks of life).

3.2.5.7 Frequency of child check in 7 days (Table. 52. a. b. c)

The frequency of health checkswithinseven days was most commonly found to befiveor more health

checks for 70.8 per cent of the children. The second most common frequency of health checks within

seven days was three times for 13 per cent of the children.

The association of demographic data and frequency of child check in seven days was shown in

Table.52.b.The association between frequency of child check in seven days and distance to clinic was

shown in Table.52.c.

3.2.5.8 Vitamin A received (Table. 53)

The majority 61.3 per cent of children born during the respondents’ last pregnancy never received

Vitamin A tablets while 37.9 per cent of children did receive it.

3.2.5.9 Severe symptoms of newborn babies in first month of life (Table. 54)

When asked about their knowledge on recognizing severe symptoms in newborn, 61.8 per cent of

mothers said fits, 45.9 per cent said fevers, 24.4 per cent said difficulty in breathing, 26.7 per cent said

feel cold and 31.2 per cent said babies stop feeding, 26.7 per cent said diarrhoea, and 12 per cent said

bleeding were symptoms that required medical care. Another 7.2 per cent of the mothers could not

reveal any symptoms at all. Among the respondents, 30.7 per cent of the mothers could name at least

two symptoms that were severe for newborn while 29.9 per cent of mothers could name more than

three symptoms.

3.2.6 Contraceptive

3.2.6.1 Any current pregnancy (Table. 55)

Among under five mothers, only 4.9 per cent was pregnant at the time of survey. The majority 95.1 per

cent of mothers were not pregnant.

3.2.6.2 Like to have another child or not (Table.56.b)

Among under five mothers, the majority 76.2 per cent responded that they did not want to have

another child at the moment. Another 14.8 per cent of mothers said they would like to have another

child while the remaining mothers were uncertain about the issue.


32

The association between whether the mother would like to have another child and demographic data

was seen in Table.56.b.

3.2.6.3 Method to avoid pregnancy (Table. 57)

Among those who were not pregnant, 79.5 per cent were using some methods to avoid pregnancy and

20.5 per cent did not use any method at the moment.

Table. 57 Method to avoid pregnancy

Using method to avoid pregnancy Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 590 742 79.5

No 152 742 20.5

3.2.6.4. What method used (Table. 58. a. b)

Among those women using some method of birth control, 66.8per cent used injection form, 24.2 per

cent were on the pill, 6.6 per cent of intrauterine device, 1.5 per cent underwent female sterilization,

and 0.3 per cent used male condoms. Other less common methods were implants, male condom,

periodic abstinence/rhythm, withdrawal (coitus interruptus) and traditional medicinereported.

The association with demographic data and birth control method used was seen in Table.58.b.

3.3 Under five

3.3.1 Breastfeeding and food supplementary

3.3.1.1 Ever breastfed (Table. 59)

The majority 97 per cent of children under five were reported to have been breastfed by their mothers

sometime in the past. Only 3 per cent of under five children have never been breastfed.

3.3.1.2 First time breastfed (Table. 60)

Of children who were breastfed, 96.7 per cent had their first breast feeding immediately after birth

while 98.7 per cent had it within the first twenty-four hours of their births. Another 2 per cent of

children received it after twenty-four hours and 1.4 per cent of the mothers were unsure about the

timing of the first feeding.

3.3.1.3 Still breastfed (Table. 61)

Around 46.1 per cent of mothers reported that their child was still on breast feeding, while the

remaining 53.9 per cent reported that they ceased to breastfeed their child at the moment.

3.3.1.4 Child received food/supplement and age group (Table. 62. a. b)

Askingunder five mothers whether fed their children different kinds of liquids during the last twenty-

four hours (since the same time yesterday),the majority 94 per cent of children received plain water,

27.1 per cent of children received sweeten water or juice, 8.1 per cent of children received milk, 25.5

per cent of children received vitamin supplementary, 4.5 per cent of children received ORS, and 3.3 per


33

cent of children received some other liquid. In total, 93.3 per cent of children were under

supplementary of solid or semi-solid food.

The frequency of feeding by age group is mentioned in detail is shown in Table. 62. b.

3.3.1.5 Exclusive breastfeeding in 0- 5 months(under 6 months of age)(Table. 63. a)

When exploring the behaviour of the exclusive breast feeding among undersix months of age , 74.4 per

cent of mothers of 0-5 month children reported to practice exclusivebreastfeeding (still breastfed but

not on any of either plain water, sweetened water or juice, ORS, infant formula, tinned, powered fresh

milk, any other kind of milk, any other specific liquid, rice, solid or semisolid food during the last

twenty-four hours(since the same time yesterday), but they could be on vitamin supplement or any

kind of medicine.

Table. 63.a Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months of age

Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months

of age Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 87 117 74.4

No 30 117 25.6

3.3.1.6 How long should exclusivelybreastfed (Table. 63. b)

When exploring the knowledge on exclusive breast feeding, 90.7 per cent of mothers could answer the

correct response of ‘six months’, 5.3 per cent could not provide the correct answer and 4 per cent

answered they knew nothing about it.

3.3.1.7 Benefits of breastfed (Table. 64. a. b)

When asked about their knowledge on benefits of breast feeding, 67.6 per cent of mothers could

identify the nutritional benefits. Specifically, 66.6 per cent of mothers mentioned the immune system

benefits, 36.8 per cent mentioned cost-saving, and 18.9 per cent mentioned increased bonding with

child. Less commonly cited by mothers included 18.9 per cent birth spacing, 19.3 per cent reduced

occurrence of diarrhoea, 3 per cent promote uterine involution, and 4.3 per cent reduced risk of ovary

and breast cancer. Another 6.1 per cent of mothers thought that the breast feeding can produce a

smart child. However, 0.1 per cent of mothers could not mention anything at all. At least 28.9 per cent

of mothers recognized two benefits of breastfeeding and 25.2 per cent recognized at least three.

The association between knowledge on benefits of breastfeeding and education level of the

respondents was shown in Table.64.b.

3.3.2 Immunization

3.3.2.1 Immunization Card (Table. 65)

Among children of twelve to twenty-three months of age, 52.2 per cent of mothers were able to show

their children’s immunization card. Another 16.5 per cent of mothers reported that their children had

the card but could not produce it. Around 31.3 per cent of mothers did not have the card at all.


34

3.3.2.2 Immunization complete (Table. 66. a. b)

The majority 86.3 per cent of the children between twelve to twenty-three months of age with an

immunization card seenreceived the complete DPT 3 shots. Another 71.6 per cent of children showed

that they finished vaccinations for Measles 1, and 68.4 per cent of children had both Measles 1 and

DPT 3 shots. (Figure.6)

The association between complete immunization of children and educational level of the mother was

shown in Table.66.b.

Figure-6 Immunization complete, DPT 3, Measles 1, DPT 3 and Measles 1

Table. 66.a Immunization complete

Immunization Gender of child TOTAL

Boy Girl


DPT3 44 83.0 38 90.5 82 86.3

Measles 1 38 71.7 30 71.4 68 71.6

DPT3&Measles 36 67.9 29 69.0 65 68.4

3.3.2.3 Ever had any vaccination (Table. 67)

The majority 95.4 per cent of twelve to twenty-three month old children either not having or not be

shown the immunization card received some kind of immunization in the past. Reported by their

mother, another 3 per cent received no immunization at all.

3.3.2.4 Ever had DPT vaccination (Table. 68)

Among children who ever received vaccinations, 98.8 per cent of children were reported to have

received DPT vaccination while 1.2 per cent did not receive it.

83.0

71.767.9

90.5

71.469.0

86.3

71.668.4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

DPT 3 Measles 1 DPT3 & Measles

Immunization complete, DPT 3, Measles 1, DPT 3 and Measles 1

complete

Boy

Girl

All


35

3.3.2.5 Frequency of DPT vaccination (Table. 69)

Among children who received DPT vaccinations, 76.8 per cent finished three shots, 9.8 per cent

finished two shots, and 7.3 per cent finished only a single shot.

3.3.2.6 Getting Measles or Measles, Mumps and Rubella vaccination (Table. 70)

Among children who ever received vaccinations, 95.2 per cent got the Measles, Mumps and Rubella

vaccination or a vaccine for measles alone while another 3.6 per cent of children never received either

shots.

3.3.3 Vitamin A Module

3.3.3.1 Vitamin A received (Table. 71. a. b.)

Among under five children, 87.7 per cent of the children received vitamin A supplements sometime in

the past and 12 per cent of children never received it. Another 0.2 per cent of mothers did not know

the answer.

Association between vitamin A received and demographic data was shown in Table.71.b.

3.3.3.2 Last dose of Vitamin A received and months before (Table. 72)

The most common duration of the last dose of vitamin A was one to three months for 62.9per cent of

the children. Taking vitamin A for more than seven months was found in 7.8 per cent of the children.

Taking vitamin A for four to six months was found in 14 per cent of the children.

3.3.3.3 Location of last dose (Table. 73)

When exploring where the last dose of vitamin A was received, 98.9 per cent of mothers said it was

from regular distribution of the health staff, and only 1 per cent said the dose was from National

Immunization Day Campaign.

3.3.4 Care of Illness

3.3.4.1 Diarrhoea last 2 weeks (Table. 74. a. b. c)

The majority 88.5 per cent of mothers reported that their child did not have diarrhoea within last two

weeks. Only 11 per cent of mothers disclosed that their child had diarrhoea. (In PR IV, 13 per cent

children aged 6 months to 5 years reported to have had diarrhoea in the prior 14 days).

The association between diarrhoea occurrence during last 2 weeks and water treatment was shown in

Table 74.b.The association between diarrhoea occurrence during last 2 weeks and type of water

treatment was shown in Table 74.c.

3.3.4.2 How much the child drank (Table. 75)

Mothers reported that when their child had diarrhoea in the past two weeks, 26.4 per cent of the

children drank the same amount (or somewhat less), 38 per cent of the children drank more, and 35.5

per cent of the children drank much less or none.


36

3.3.4.3 Amount of food given (Table. 76)

Mothers reported that when their child had diarrhoea in the past two weeks, 33.1per cent of the

children were fed somewhat less than usual, 17.4 per cent of the children were fed the same amount,

23.1 per centwere fed much less than usual, and 6.6 per cent stopped eating. Another 15.7 per cent of

children were never given food.

3.3.4.4 Child given anythingduring diarrhea (Table. 77)

The majority 62per cent of the children with diarrhoea was given oral rehydration salt (ORS), 51.2 per

cent was given medication for diarrhoea, 39.7 per cent was given water and 43.8 per cent was given

breast milk (multiple answers possible). In addition, 33.9 per cent of mothers took the child to the

hospital/clinic, 1.7 per cent zinc tablets, 10.7 per cent of mothers gave the child tea, coffee, soft drink,

etc, and 8.3 per cent of mothers took the child to a traditional healer. For homemade oral rehydration

treatment (ORT) recipes, 5.8 per cent of mothers used a cereal based ORT by combining rice water,

maize water or similar while 3.3 per cent of mothers made a sugar-salt solution. In overall, the

prevalence of giving oral rehydration therapy (ORT) including eitherORS, sugar-salt solution or cereal

based ORT (single answer calculation) was 67.8 per cent. (Figure.7)

Figure-7 ORT received during diarrhoea by sex

Table. 77.b Given ORT during diarrhoea by sex

Giving ORT or not

during diarrhoea


Boy Girl


Giving ORT 38 69.1 44 66.7 82 67.8

Other treatments 17 30.9 22 33.3 39 32.2

TOTAL 55 100 66 100 121 100

69.166.7 67.8

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Receiving ORT

ORT received during diarrhoea

Boy

Girl

All Sex


37

3.3.4.5 What are danger signs of diarrhea (Table. 78)

In knowledge, 46.7 per cent of mothers knew that a child’s lethargic or unconscious status were danger

signs of diarrhoea in children. Sunken eyes and sunken soft spots in babies was recognized by 30.3 per

cent of mothers, the inability to drink or drink poorly recognized by 42.4 per cent of mothers, and

vomiting recognized by 38.3 per cent of mothers. Inelastic skin (take time to return to normal after

pitching), blood in stool, and dehydration as danger signs were recognized by less than 35 per cent of

mothers. Another 15.1 per cent of mothers reported they did not know about danger signs. Overall

34.3 per cent of mothers recognized two important danger signs of diarrhoea, while 18.2 per cent

mothers recognized at least three signs.

3.3.4.6 Cough or difficult breathing in 2 weeks (Table. 79)

Among all under five children, 24.1 per cent of mothers reported their children had symptoms of cough

and fast or difficult breathing within last two weeks while 75.7 per cent reported no symptoms.

3.3.4.7 Other problems (Table. 80)

Whether the fast or difficult breathing was due to chest or nose problem in their children, 55.9 per

cent of mothers thought that it was because of the problem in the chest only, while 31.9 per cent of

mothers thought that it was blocked or running nose only. Only 3.9 per cent of mothers thought it was

due to both of the causes. Some mothers thought difficulty in breathing were the causes of the difficult

breathing. A small 6.3 per cent of mothers did not know the cause.

3.3.4.8 Seek treatment and providers (Table. 81. a. b.)

Exploring the seeking behaviour on their child’s health, 55 per cent of mothers went to public sector.

Broken down (multiple answers), 38 per cent of mothers went to either government hospital or

government health post/sub-centre, 27.1 per cent went to the government health care (RHC), and 2.3

per cent went to village health workers. Another 36.4 per cent of mother sought treatment for their

children in the private sectors, specifically (multiple answers) 27.9 per cent to private physician and 8.5

per cent to private pharmacy. Those went to other sources were about 8.5 per cent, while 6.2 per cent

of mothers went to betal quid shop.

3.3.4.9 Received any medication for the child (Table. 82. a. b)

All, hundred per cent of the mothers reported that some medication was provided to their ill child.

whose cough and difficulty in breathing was due to problem in the chest.

Associations between places of treatment provide and any medication given was seen in table.82.b.

3.3.4.10 Any medication for children (Table. 83. a. b)

The majority 41.9 per cent of sick children whose cough and difficulty in breathing was because of the

chest problem and got some medicationsreceived antibiotics such as Paracetamol/panadol. Another

58.1 per cent of such children received cough tablets/syrup, 39 per cent of children received Antibiotic,

(Figure.8),13.2 per cent of them received vitamin/tonic and 24 per cent of them could not provide any

information on it by their respective mothers.

Association between place of treatment provided and medication given was seen in Table.83.b.


38

Figure-8 Antibiotics treatment received by sex

Table. 83.a Medicine for children by sex

Medicine for children Gender of child TOTAL

Boy Girl


Antibiotic (e.g. Septrin, amoxicillin) 26 39.4 21 33.3 47 36.4

Cough tablets/syrup 39 59.1 36 57.1 75 58.1

Paracetamol/ panadol 31 47.0 23 36.5 54 41.9

Vitamins/ tonic 8 12.1 9 14.3 17 13.2

Don't know 14 21.2 17 27.0 31 24.0

3.3.4.11 Sign of severe acute respiratory infection (Table. 84)

On knowing about severe sign of acute respiratory infection, 46.3 per cent of mothers recognized rapid

difficult breathing, 34.9 per cent of mothers recognized whistling sound while breathing, 25.7 per cent

of mothers recognized high fever, and 14.1 per cent of mothers recognized intrusion of sternum and

ribs. Others signs of known danger were epistasis, valvular heart disease, puffy face, mump, thinning,

snuff nose, common cold, vomiting, refuse breast feeding, blood in eyes, diarrhoea, seizures, loss of

consciousness. Mother who reported that they did not know was 31.8 per cent. Mothers who

recognized at least two signs or three signs were 28.7 per cent and 9.8 per cent respectively.

3.3.4.12 Danger signs to seek treatmentin children (Table. 85)

In probing about danger signs that need to seek treatment in children, 55.2 per cent of mothers knew

to act if the child becomes more ill and 59.3 per cent of mothers knew to act if the child develops a

fever. Other signs recognized were 18.2 per cent convulsions, 19.2 per centchild has difficulty

breathing, 9.9 per centchild has fast breathing, 25.3per cent child not able to drink or breast feed, and

14.9 per cent child eating or drinking poorly. Other signs recognized that were in less than 5 per cent of

the occurrences were fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, unable to defecate/urinate, whooping cough,

influenza etc. Mothers who recognized at least two signs were 37.4 per cent and at least three signs

were 26.7 per cent.

39.4

33.336.4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Antibiotic (e.g. Septrin, amoxicillin)

Antibiotics Treatmet received by sex

Boy

Girl

All Sex


39

3.3.5 Growth Monitoring and child anthrometry

3.3.5.1 Growth monitoring chart (Table. 86)

Growth monitoring charts was reported by 6.4 per cent of mothers who could show the card while 8.7

per cent of mothers said they have it but it could not find the card. The majority 84.7per cent said they

did not have it. Another 0.2 per cent of mothers had no knowledge on it.

3.3.5.2 Weight in last 4 months (Table. 87)

Out of mothers who showed the growth monitoring card, 59.7 per cent recorded that the child was

weighed within last four months.

3.3.5.3 Global Acute Malnutrition (6-59 months) (<-2 Z score and below) (Table. 88)

The nutritional status was assessed under five children (6-59 months). The result as followed based on

the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) (1977)19

.

Table.88 Global Acute Malnutrition (6-59 month) (NCHS) (1977)

Weight for Age-WAZ Weight for height-WHZ Height for Age-HAZ

Moderate

(<-2 and >=-

3 z-score)

Severe

(<-3 z-

score)

Number

of

children

Moderate

(<-2 and >=-

3 z-score)

Severe

(<-3 z-

score)

Number

of

children

Moderate

(<-2 and >=-

3 z-score)

Severe

(<-3 z-

score)

Number

of

children

Boy 30.7 5 114 11 1.9 41 23.8 8.8 104

Girl 34.2 6.3 147 8 1.4 34 36.4 11.6 138

TOTAL 32.6 5.7 261 9.4 1.6 75 25.2 10.3 242

Global Acute Malnutrition (WHZ <-2 to -3 moderate plus <-3 Z severe)

Global Acute Malnutrition (wasting) by sex (Table. 89. a. b)

Based on the valid sample size of 682, about 11per cent had Global Acute Malnutrition (wasting) (<-2 Z

score). Among boys, it was 12.9per cent and among girls, it was 9.4 per cent. Moderated malnutrition

(<-2->-3Z score) was 9.4 for both sexes, 11.0per cent among boys and 8.0 per cent among girls. Severe

form (<-3 Z score) was found 1.6per cent. Amongboys it was 1.9per cent and 1.4per cent in girls.

The association between wasting and demographic data of mother was seen in table.89.b. There was

no association between the mal-nutritional status of the child and educational level of mother.

However, more in per cent of severe mal-nutritional children were come from poorest group.

Underweight by sex (Table. 90. a. b.)

Overall 38.3 per cent of children were underweight. In boys, the prevalence was 35.7 per cent, and in

girls it was 40.5 per cent. Moderate underweight (<-2->-3 Z score) was 32.6 for both sexes, which is

30.7 per cent among boys and 34.2 per cent among girls. Severe underweight (<-3 Z score) was found

overall in 5.7 per cent of the under five population. Amongboys the prevalence was 5.0 per cent, and

among girls it was 6.3 per cent.

19

Health care system in Myanmar is not fully adopted the WHO 2006 Standard yet. MICS also followed NCHS Standard.


40

The association between under-weight and demographic data of mother was seen in table.90.b.. More

of severe under-weight children were coming from poorest group.

Stunting by sex (Table. 91. a. b)

Stunting was found in 35.5 per cent of the sampled under five children. In boys, the prevalence was

32.6 per cent, and in girls it was 38.0 per cent. Moderate stunting (<-2->-3 Z score) was 25.2 for both

sexes, which is 23.8 per cent among boys and 36.4 per cent among girls. Severe stunting (<-3 Z score)

was found overall in 10.3 per cent of the under five population. Amongboys the prevalence was 8.8per

cent, and among girls it was 11.6per cent.

The association between stunting and demographic data of mother was seen in table.91.b. There was a

trend of lower the mother’s wealth index quintile, the higher the incidence of stunting children (both

moderate and severe) was observed.

3.3.5.4. Deworming in last 6 month and by age group (Table. 92. a. b.)

Overall, 43 per cent of children received medication for deworming in last the six months, 55 per cent

of children did not receive it and 0.4 per cent of mothers did not know whether their children received

deworming.


41

4. Conclusion and recommendation

In many countries both globally and East Asia and South-East Asia (ESEA), government commitment to

maternal and newborn health has not reach the levels required to make a strong impact mortality

rates. Particularly for maternal health, many existing interventions have been found to be ineffective in

preventing maternal mortality. There is an urgent need to refocus maternal health programmes.20

For example, in four countries in SEA-Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Timor-Leste have high level of

maternal mortality with over 300 deaths per 100,000 live births.21

One of the eight Millennium Development Goals, Goal 5 addresses maternal health as measured by the

indicators of maternal mortality ratio and per centage of deliveries attended by a skilled birth

attendant. The global target for deliveries by skilled birth attendants is 90 per cent by 2015 with

ICPD+522

setting a target of at least 60 per cent for countries with high Maternal Mortality Ratio. The

weakness of this indicator is that the definition of skilled birth attendant has not been uniform across

the region or even within counties over the last decade.23

Myanmar has a different pattern of

causation of maternal death when compared to those of other regional countries; complications

following abortion make up a much larger proportion of maternal deaths then in neighboring

countries.

In this study of Mawlamyinegyuntownship, the abortion was found in 14.2 per cent among mothers of

under five children. On the other hand, although the antenatal care coverage in Ayeyarwaddy (delta)

region was between 60.1- 70.0 per cent24

, less than half of mothers (21.7 per cent) could recognize two

danger signs during pregnancy. This somewhat reflects the low level of knowledge on how to take care

of themselves during pregnancy in general. For the implementing partner, the numbers again

highlights the need to raise awareness and knowledge of women on how to take proper taking care

during pregnancy, including how to identify early danger signs.

Mothers who received assistance by skilled personnelwere only at 46.9 per cent of the cases and

mothers who underwent institutional delivery were onlyat 31.9 per cent of the cases. Themothers’ low

level of recognition of at least two problems during delivery (42.9 per cent of mothers) indicates that

there is a strong need for more deliveries to be assisted by skilled personnel or through an institutional

delivery.

Nonetheless, the majority of the deliveries reported by the mothers were normal spontaneous vaginal

delivery. Nearly 10 per cent were either assisted delivery (1.5 per cent) or caesarian section (11.7 per

cent) with most of the caesarian section (51.1 per cent) performed on an emergency basis rather than

planned. Addressing maternal and newborn health also has a potential to contribute significantly to

20

Maternal and Neonatal Health in East and South-East Asia.UNFPA. March 2006 21

WHO 2004 a and UNFPA 2005 22

International Conference on Development and Population 23

Improving Maternal, Newborn and Child Health in the South East Asia Region, Myanmar 24


Myanmar


42

the achievement of Goal 4 by lowering the neonatal mortality rate, particularly early neonatal deaths

in the first week after birth.

In under five children health, the infant mortality rate was 61.59 25

(death per 1,000 live-birth) in Delta

region. In this study, it was found that under five death was mainly in those of under one year of age

(under 12 months) composed of more than 78 per cent of total under five death. On the other aspect,

the health check of mother right after delivery was 95.8 per cent and majority of mothers reported

receiving it within first hour of delivery. However in four to six weeks after delivery, follow-up mother

health checks by a health professional was found only in 37.5 per cent of the survey population, which

is an issue to be addressed.

In neonatal health, the health check of newborn baby right after the delivery was reported in 63 per

cent of the time and within one hour was 97.6 per cent of the time. The checks were performed by the

health professional only 39 per cent of the cases however. Mothers who recognized at least two severe

symptoms of newborn during first month of life were at 30.7 per cent.

Exclusive breastfeeding is also one of the most important behaviours for the health of child under six

months of age. Mother also can enjoy some benefits from that breast feeding such as promote uterine

involution, increase bonding with child and reduce risk of ovarian and breast cancer. From this survey

the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 74.4 per cent, and right knowledge on this behaviour

was observed in 90.7 per cent of mothers. Around 28.9 per cent of mothers could recognize at least

two benefits of the breast feeding.

Four diseases – pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria and AIDS – were among the most common causes of all

deaths in children under five worldwide. Most of these lives could have been saved through low-cost

prevention and treatment measures, including antibiotics for acute respiratory infections, oral

rehydration for diarrhoea, immunization, and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets and

appropriate drugs for malaria.26

Although the prevalence of diarrhoea among under fiveduring last two week was as low as 11.5 per

cent of the children, many did not receive satisfactory treatment. In particular, 38 per cent of children

during diarrhoea attack received more drink including breast milk and another 4.1 per cent of children

received more to eat. The majority 78.9 per cent of children received the same amount, less or no food

and drink. This may make the loss of fluid and nutritional requirement of the child under diarrhoea

worsen and endanger the child’s life.

On treatment with ORT, 67.8 per cent of mothers gave their children some kind of oral rehydration

therapy(including ORS sachet, sugar-salt solution or cereal based ORT-rice water, maize water) for

diarrhoea but the recognition of two danger signs during diarrhoea by mothers was as low as 34.3 per

cent. ARI prevalence was slightly higher than the diarrhoea at 24.1 per cent and the treatment seeking

25


Myanmar 26

The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010, United Nations (2010)


43

rate of mothers at 76.8 per cent and institution treatment at 91.4 per cent. However, children who

received antibiotics were 36.4 per cent while the rest were treated under symptomatic remedies. In

combination with low level of recognition of only two severe signs by mothers (28.7 per cent), this

underlines the importance of an easily accessible health professional that can provide necessary

antibiotics for the proper care of the child with ARI.

Concerning with the immunization, 31.3 per cent of under five children had no immunization card.

Based on the immunization card shown, the majority 86.3 per cent of children completed DPT 3,

another 68 per cent of children completed measles 1, and 65 per cent of children completed both

types of immunization. The DPT 3, or Measles coverage in the delta region was also between 80.1- 90.0

per cent27

. The statistics show that the national immunization has had success, but the plan needs to

be enhanced to reach the remaining children without proper immunizations.

In deworming, only 52 per cent of mothers responded that their under five children had ever received

treatment. This shows the necessity to increase the coverage of deworming medication distrbutionand

its activity to make it more effective.

27


Myanmar


44

Final Note:

Role of a reference study

Whether this study aims as a base-line or evaluation purpose, the fundamental data collected is not

only crucial for many IPs who have been implementing the JIMNCH in their respected project area but

also important for national level of 3 MDG indicators in relation to maternal and child health in

Myanmar. For some IPs, the reports present a follow up study. Irrespective of the type of the study,

the nature of this kind of survey is ongoing and many similar studies are required to repeat in very near

future in regular basic to understand the success of the projects concern. By this consideration, again,

it is recommended to ensure each and every steps of the survey in a way of systematically managed

from the proposal writing to the report published. The same procedure and standard of study is also

good to set and strictly follow in later follow up study to ensure its meaning of base-line and follow-up

study. Those questionnaire used in base-line study may be thoroughly reviewed by a group of subject

and survey experts from the related field to make sure its usefulness, feasibility of the long term

application, clearly defining of the terms used in the questionnaire, proper compatibility with the

national level indicators and so forth.

Active and responsible participation of the volunteers

With the active participation, a good understanding of the questionnaire asked and the characteristic

of the survey and awareness of its importance among the volunteer data collectors may be among the

most important factors that govern the success of the survey done especially in the village level. In

order to fulfil these essential requirements, the selection process of the volunteers will be the very first

step, followed by the training that must be emphasize the importance of the survey data and

fundamental skill in data collection process should also be transferred to the volunteers.

Supervision of the survey process

Basically in a survey, the effective supervision of a field level data collection is crucial for assurance of

the quality and completeness of questionnaire set. Moreover, it is a prime activity for the whole

survey. Without the proper supervision of field level activity, no matter how appropriate the survey

design or extensive the training provided for the data collectors before the survey, the quality of the

data may not be certain. It is strongly recommended to underline the importance of the role of

supervision in data collection procedure in coming studies.


45

Annnex-1 List of Tables

Table. 1 List of villages studied

Serial

No. Name of Village Name of village tract

No. of sampled

household

1 Kyar Lay Chaung YaeLein 11

Aung Hlaing YaeLein 19

2 None Kyun None Kyun 30

3 Kyon War Kat ThaHmyinHtiSeikYae Kyaw 23

Kayin Su Lat Put Ta LokeGyi 7

4 Yae Kyaw Gyi Kywe Chan Kyon La Mu 30

5 Kyaw Nu ThoneGwa Chun 30

6 Kyaw Nu ThoneGwa Chun 26

KyaungSharKwe HtiSeikYwar Ma 4

7 MyinKaKone MyinKaKoneKa Lay DaungYae Kyaw 30

8 HpuHti HpuHti 30

9 Myoe Ma (9) Myoe Ma 30

10 Myoe Ma (11) ,(2) Myoe Ma 30

11 Myoe Ma (4), (13) Myoe Ma 30

12 KwinChaung Kyat Sin Chaung 30

13 KaNyinChaung ByantGyiOhn Pin Su 30

14 KharTay

Kywe Da Lin 27

ThoneEin Tan 3

15 Hti Par Lel Hti Par Lel 30

16 Sa Khan ChaungGyi Ah LelYae Kyaw 30

17 LeikChaung Hlaing Bone 30

18

ShaukChaung MyatThar Zee Hpyu 16

MyatTharWa MyatTharWa

12

Zee Hpyu 2

19 KyunKyar Ta KhunTaingKyon War 30

20 Ah Nan Chaung MyitGyiBoe 30

21 PyarMut PyarMut Shaw Chaung 30

22 Pat Taw Sit Sa Li Htone 30

23 Yae Kyaw Ah Htet Ma Au Htone 30

24 Lay Ein Tan Lay Ein Tan 30

25 Ban Du La ShaukChaung 30

26 Yae Kyaw Tein KyetShar 30

27 NyiNaungGyi KyetShar 30

28 Kywe Chan Wa Kywe Chan Wa 30

29 Myit Toe ShaukChaung 30

30 GyoneGyoneKya TeiChaung 30

Total 30 900


46

Table.2 Sample population

Total Number of sample women Numerator Denominator per cent

900 100

Table.3. Age group

Age Group Numerator Denominator per cent

15-19 19 900 2.1

20-25 153 900 17.0

25-29 223 900 24.8

30-34 240 900 26.7

35-39 162 900 18.0

40-44 81 900 9.0

Above 45 22 900 2.4

Table.4 Marital Status

Marital Status Numerator Denominator per cent

Married 872 900 96.9

Widowed 8 900 0.9

Separated 18 900 2.0

Divorced 2 900 0.2

Table. 5 Education

Education Numerator Denominator per cent

Never go to school 54 900 6.0

Primary 536 900 59.6

Middle/High school 178 900 19.8

University and higher 58 900 6.4

Non public 74 900 8.2

Table.6 Wealth Index Quintile

Wealth Index Quintile Numerator Denominator per cent

Poorest 182 900 20.2

Second 180 900 20.0

Middle 178 900 19.8

Fourth 180 900 20.0

Richest 180 900 20.0


47

Table. 7 Household members

Household members Numerator Denominator per cent

2-3 203 900 22.6

4-5 392 900 43.6

6-7 218 900 24.2

8-9 64 900 7.1

Above 10 23 900 2.6

Table.8.a Main Source of drinking water

Main source of drinking water Numerator Denominator per cent

Dug well/pond 267 900 29.7

Rainwater Collection 47 900 5.2

Piped water 91 900 10.1

Surface water 474 900 52.7

Water from spring 2 900 0.2

Other sources 19 900 2.1

TOTAL 900 900 100

Table.8.b Type of Main Source of Drinking water


Numerator Denominator Per cent

Improved water source 227 900 25.2

Unimproved water source 673 900 74.8

Table.8.c Treated drinking water

Treated drinking water


Yes 882 900 98.0

No 18 900 2.0

Total 900 900 100

Table.8.d Method to make the water safer

Method to make water safer


Boil 319 882 36.2

Add bleach /chlorine 42 882 4.8

Strain it through a cloth 771 882 87.4

Use water filter 8 882 0.9

Solar disinfection 5 882 0.6

Let it stand and settle 447 882 50.7

Alum 337 882 38.2

Lime 3 882 0.3

Abate powder 3 882 0.3

Ceramic filter 7 882 0.8

Water purifier 1 882 0.1


48

Table 9.a Frequency of Pregnancy

Frequency of pregnancy Numerator Denominator per cent

1 time 262 900 29.1

2-4 time 481 900 53.4

5-time and above 157 900 17.4

Table.9.b Number of pregnancies and education level Township Number of pregnancies

Mawlamyinegyun 1 time 2-4 time 5-time and above

Total per cent Count per cent Count per cent Count per cent

Education

level Never go to school 54 6.0 4 1.7 30 6.1 20 11.4

Primary 536 59.6 127 54.3 300 61.2 109 61.9

Middle/High 178 19.8 62 26.5 101 20.6 15 8.5

University and higher 58 6.4 32 13.7 24 4.9 2 1.1

Non-public education 74 8.2 9 3.8 35 7.1 30 17.0

TOTAL 900 100 234 100 490 100 176 100

Table. 10 Number of Children delivered

Number of children delivered Numerator Denominator per cent

1 time 262 900 29.1

2-4 time 481 900 53.4

5-time and above 157 900 17.4

Table. 11 Frequency of Abortion

Frequency of Abortion Numerator Denominator per cent

Nil 772 900 85.8

1-2 time 123 900 13.7

3-4 time 4 900 0.4

5 time and above 1 900 0.1

Table. 12 Number of living children

Number of living children Numerator Denominator per cent

One 318 900 35.3

Two to four 487 900 54.1

Five and above 95 900 10.6

Table. 13 Alive birth that died

Alive birth that died Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 256 900 28.4

No 644 900 71.6


49

Table. 14.a Number of children died

Number of children died Numerator Denominator per cent

One 171 256 66.8 Two to four 80 256 31.3


Table. 14.b Number of children died and demographic data

Township Number of children died

Mawlamyinegyun 1 person 2-4 persons 5 persons and

above


Age Group 15-19 2 0.8 2 1.2

20-25 20 7.8 17 9.9 3 3.8

25-29 50 19.5 37 21.6 12 15.0 1 20.0

30-34 80 31.3 57 33.3 23 28.8

35-39 60 23.4 34 19.9 25 31.3 1 20.0

40-44 34 13.3 17 9.9 14 17.5 3 60.0

Above 45 10 3.9 7 4.1 3 3.8

Education

level

Never go to school 21 8.2 10 5.8 10 12.5 1 20.0

Primary 164 64.1 110 64.3 51 63.8 3 60.0

Middle/High 30 11.7 26 15.2 4 5.0

University and Higher 9 3.5 8 4.7 1 1.3


Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 71 100 40 56.3 30 42.3 1 1.4

Second 55 100 39 70.9 16 29.1

Middle 53 100 37 69.8 13 24.5 3 5.7

Fourth 44 100 29 65.9 14 31.8 1 2.3

Richest 33 100 26 78.8 7 21.2

Percentage of

health care

expenditure

Below 20% 213 83.2 142 83.0 67 83.8 4 80.0

20-40% 28 10.9 18 10.5 9 11.3 1 20.0

Above 40% 15 5.9 11 6.4 4 5.0

TOTAL 256 100 171 100 80 100 5 100

Tabe.15 Total children under five (died) by age group and sex

Children under five

(died)


Boy Girl

Count Per cent Count Per cent Count Per cent

<1 month (neonatal) 3 30.0 6 46.2 9 39.1

1-5 months 5 50.0 4 30.8 9 39.1

6-11 months 1 7.7 1 4.3

12-23 months 1 10.0 2 15.4 3 13.0

24-35 months

36-47 months 1 10.0 0 0.0 1 4.3

48-59 months

TOTAL 10 100 13 100 23 100


50

Table.16 Total number of children

Total Number of children Numerator Denominator per cent

One 261 900 29.0

Two to four 479 900 53.2


Table. 17 Single or twins

Single or twins Numerator Denominator per cent

Single 1,069 1,083 98.7

Multiple 14 1,083 1.3

Table. 18 Sex of child born

Boy or Girl Numerator Denominator per cent

Boy 528 1,083 48.8

Girl 555 1,083 51.2

Table. 19 Child still alive or not

Still alive of Child Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 1,060 1,083 97.9

No 23 1,083 2.1

Table.20 Live birth in past 2 years

Live birth in past 2 years Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 403 900 44.8

No 497 900 55.2

Table.22 Childrenunder five, whether living with mother or not

Live with mother or not Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 1,060 1,060 100

Table. 21 Total children under five (alive) by age group and sex

Children under five

(alive)


Boy Girl


0-5 months 56 11.1 61 11.1 117 11.1

6-11 months 54 10.7 67 12.2 121 11.5

12-23 months 94 18.6 88 16.0 182 17.3

24-35 months 98 19.4 125 22.8 223 21.1

36-47 months 119 23.5 111 20.2 230 21.8

48-59 months 85 16.8 97 17.7 182 17.3

TOTAL 506 100 549 100 1,055 100


51

3.2.2. Migration Table.23.a Household lived in this village before Nargis

Live in this village before Nargis Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 836 900 92.9

No 64 900 7.1

Table.23.b Number of villages lived

Since Nargis, different villages have

lived or not Numerator Denominator per cent

1 55 64 85.9

2 9 64 14.1

Table. 23.c Months or years moved here

Years of moved here Numerator Denominator per cent

Below 1 11 64 17.2

1 15 64 23.4

2 11 64 17.2

3 17 64 26.6

4 10 64 15.6

Table.23.d Whether want to stay here or not

Want to stay here or not Numerator Denominator per cent

Stay in this village/ward 11 900 97.9

Return to the previous village 1 900 0.1

Move to a new place 18 900 2.0

Table.24 Household have registration document

Have household registration

document Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 727 900 80.8

No 172 900 19.1


Table.25 The main language spoken

Main language spoken Numerator Denominator per cent

Bamar (Myanmar) 864 900 96.0

Kayin (Karen) 36 900 4.0

Table.26 To go to health care

Goes to healthcare Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 392 401 97.8

No 9 401 2.2


52

Table.27.a Caretaker of antenatal care

Caretaker for antenatal care Numerator Denominator per cent

Heath professional (Skilled personnel)

Doctor 65 401 16.2



Other person




Marie Stopes 2 401 0.5

No one 18 401 4.5

Table.27.b Antenatal caregivers in category

Caretaker for antenatal care (by category)

Numerator Denominator per cent

Heath professional (Skilled personnel) 277 401 69.1




Other persons 4 401 1.0

No one 18 401 4.5

Table.27.c Antenatal caregivers in category and Demographic data

Township Caretaker for antenatal care

Mawlamyinegyun Health

professional

Auxiliary

midwife

Traditional birth

attendant Other person No one

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Age

Group

15-19 17 4.2 11 4.0 5 6.5 1 5.6

20-25 91 22.7 63 22.7 6 24.0 17 22.1 1 25.0 4 22.2

25-29 96 23.9 61 22.0 9 36.0 19 24.7 1 25.0 6 33.3

30-34 102 25.4 73 26.4 4 16.0 19 24.7 6 33.3

35-39 64 16.0 46 16.6 6 24.0 9 11.7 2 50.0 1 5.6

40-44 27 6.7 20 7.2 7 9.1

Above 45 4 1.0 3 1.1 1 1.3

Education

level

Never go to school 28 100 8 28.6 1 3.6 13 46.4 1 3.6 5 17.9

Primary 236 100 160 67.8 15 6.4 49 20.8 2 0.8 10 4.2

Middle/High 86 100 71 82.6 6 7.0 6 7.0 1 1.2 2 2.3

University and higher 22 100 19 86.4 2 9.1 1 4.5

Non-public education 29 100 19 65.5 1 3.4 8 27.6 1 3.4

Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 86 100 46 53.5 3 3.5 26 30.2 1 1.2 10 11.6

Second 71 100 42 59.2 7 9.9 18 25.4 4 5.6

Middle 79 100 56 70.9 7 8.9 12 15.2 1 1.3 3 3.8

Fourth 85 100 62 72.9 5 5.9 16 18.8 2 2.4

Richest 80 100 71 88.8 3 3.8 5 6.3 1 1.3


53

Percentage

of health

care

expenditure

Below 20% 328 81.8 229 82.7 19 76.0 60 77.9 3 75.0 17 94.4

20-40% 48 12.0 28 10.1 5 20.0 14 18.2 1 25.0

Above 40% 25 6.2 20 7.2 1 4.0 3 3.9 1 5.6

TOTAL 401 100 277 100 25 100 77 100 4 100 18 100

Table. 28 First month receiving antenatal care

The first month received antenatal

care for pregnancy Numerator Denominator per cent

1 9 383 2.3

2 39 383 10.2

3 176 383 46.0

4 41 383 10.7

5 40 383 10.4

6 34 383 8.9

7 23 383 6.0

8 10 383 2.6

9 5 383 1.3


Table.29.a Number of antenatal care received

Number of antenatal care received Numerator Denominator per cent

1 14 383 3.7

2 42 383 11.0

3 97 383 25.3

4 100 383 26.1

5 47 383 12.3

6 22 383 5.7

7 24 383 6.3

8 14 383 3.7

9 6 383 1.6

10 3 383 0.8

11 1 383 0.3

12 1 383 0.3

13 1 383 0.3

14 1 383 0.3

15 1 383 0.3

16 2 383 0.5

17 2 383 0.5

18 1 383 0.3


Antenatal care 4 times and above 230 383 60.1


54

Table. 29.b Number of antenatal care received and Demographic data



professional

Auxiliary

midwife

Traditional

birth

attendant

Other person No one

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Age

Group 15-19 17 4.2 11 4.0 5 6.5 1 5.6

20-25 91 22.7 63 22.7 6 24.0 17 22.1 1 25.0 4 22.2

25-29 96 23.9 61 22.0 9 36.0 19 24.7 1 25.0 6 33.3

30-34 102 25.4 73 26.4 4 16.0 19 24.7 6 33.3

35-39 64 16.0 46 16.6 6 24.0 9 11.7 2 50.0 1 5.6

40-44 27 6.7 20 7.2 7 9.1

Above 45 4 1.0 3 1.1 1 1.3

Education

level Never go to school 28 7.0 8 2.9 1 4.0 13 16.9 1 25.0 5 27.8

Primary 236 58.9 160 57.8 15 60.0 49 63.6 2 50.0 10 55.6

Middle/High 86 21.4 71 25.6 6 24.0 6 7.8 1 25.0 2 11.1


Non-public education 29 7.2 19 6.9 1 4.0 8 10.4 1 5.6

Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 86 100 46 53.5 3 3.5 26 30.2 1 1.2 10 11.6

Second 71 100 42 59.2 7 9.9 18 25.4 4 5.6

Middle 79 100 56 70.9 7 8.9 12 15.2 1 1.3 3 3.8

Fourth 85 100 62 72.9 5 5.9 16 18.8 2 2.4

Richest 80 100 71 88.8 3 3.8 5 6.3 1 1.3

Percentage

of health

care

expenditure

Below 20% 328 81.8 229 82.7 19 76.0 60 77.9 3 75.0 17 94.4

20-40% 48 12.0 28 10.1 5 20.0 14 18.2 1 25.0

Above 40% 25 6.2 20 7.2 1 4.0 3 3.9 1 5.6

TOTAL 401 100 277 100 25 100 77 100 4 100 18 100


55

Table.30 Types of antenatal care and number received

Number of antenatal care

received

Health Professional

(Skilled personnel)

Other person

Numerator Denominator Per cent Numerator Denominator Per cent

1 8 277 2.9 6 106 5.7

2 26 277 9.4 16 106 15.1

3 67 277 24.2 30 106 28.3

4 75 277 27.1 25 106 23.6

5 31 277 11.2 16 106 15.1

6 17 277 6.1 5 106 4.7

7 21 277 7.6 3 106 2.8

8 13 277 4.7 1 106 0.9

9 5 277 1.8 1 106 0.9

10 3 277 1.1 0 106 0

Don’t Know 2 277 0.7 2 106 1.9

Frequency of antenatal

care by category

ofcaregiver

At least once 266 277 96.0 103 106 97.1

Four time and above 165 277 59.6 51 106 48.1

Four times with Health

professional

165 383 43.1

Table.31 Terms of pregnancy received antenatal care

Pregnancy term received antenatal

care Numerator Denominator per cent

12 weeks (until 14 weeks)

Yes 193 230 83.9

No 37 230 16.1

26 weeks (15-28 weeks)

Yes 221 230 96.1

No 9 230 3.9

32 weeks (29-34 weeks)

Yes 217 230 94.3

No 13 230 5.7

36 weeks (35 until birth)

Yes 220 230 96.5

No 8 230 3.5


56

Table. 32 Activities done in antenatal care

Activites done Numerator Denominator per cent

Blood pressure

Yes 335 383 87.5

No 48 383 12.5

Weight

Yes 218 383 57.1

No 164 383 42.9

Abdomen Examination

Yes 360 383 94.0

No 23 383 6.0

Urine sample

Yes 173 383 45.3

No 209 383 54.7

Blood sample

Yes 150 383 39.3

No 232 383 60.7

Vitamin B1

Yes 330 383 86.2

No 53 383 13.8

Iron tablets

Yes 349 383 91.1

No 34 383 8.9

At least 3 activities done 335 383 87.5

At least 4 activities done 48 383 12.5

Table.33 Reasons not receiving antenatal care

Why not received antenatal care Numerator Denominator per cent

Cost too much 11 18 61.1

No transport 4 18 22.2

Not necessary 3 18 16.7

ANC provider location is too far 2 18 11.1

Table.34 Transportation type

Transportation to clinic Numerator Denominator per cent

Walking 179 401 44.6

Motor boat 111 401 27.7

Sampan 103 401 25.7

Motorized vehicle 30 401 7.5

Trishaw 26 401 6.5

Bicycle 2 401 0.5

Tollagyi 2 401 0.5


57

Table. 35 Time to clinic (in minutes)

Time to clinic (Minute) Numerator Denominator per cent

Below 15 minutes 80 401 20.0

15-30 minutes 165 401 41.1

31-60 minutes 84 401 20.9

Above 60 minutes 72 401 18.0

Table. 36.a Distance to clinic in range (Kilometre)

Distance to clinic (Kilometre) Numerator Denominator per cent

Below 1 Kilometre 112 401 27.9

1-2 Kilometres 84 401 20.9

3-5 Kilometres 52 401 13.0

Don’t know 153 401 38.2

Table.36.b Antenatal caregivers in category and Distance to clinic (Kilometre)



professional

Auxiliary

midwife

Traditional

birth attendant Other person No one

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Below 1 Kilometre 112 27.9 91 32.9 9 36.0 11 14.3 1 5.6

1-2 Kilometres 84 20.9 60 21.7 5 20.0 12 15.6 2 50.0 5 27.8

3-5 Kilometres 52 13.0 28 10.1 4 16.0 12 15.6 1 25.0 7 38.9

Don’t know 153 38.2 98 35.4 7 28.0 42 54.5 1 25.0 5 27.8

Total 401 100 277 100 25 100 77 100 4 100 18 100

Table.36.c Number of antenatal care received and Distance to clinic

Township Number of times

Mawlamyinegyun 1-time 2-time 3-time 4- time and

above Don't know

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Below 1 Kilometer 111 29.0 1 7.1 9 21.4 25 25.8 76 33.6

1-2 Kilometers 79 20.6 9 21.4 15 15.5 55 24.3

3-5 Kilometers 45 11.7 2 14.3 6 14.3 19 19.6 17 7.5 1 25.0

Don’t know 148 38.6 11 78.6 18 42.9 38 39.2 78 34.5 3 75.0

Total 383 100 14 100 42 100 97 100 226 100 4 100


58

Table.37 Symptoms during pregnancy to immediate care

Symptoms for immediate care Numerator Denominator per cent

Vaginal bleeding 201 401 50.1

Severe abdominal pain 129 401 32.2

Fits/Convulsions 96 401 23.9

Severe headaches with blurred vision 96 401 23.9

Fast or difficult breathing 68 401 17.0

Fever and too weak to get out of bed 66 401 16.5

Toxaemia of pregnancy 65 401 16.2

High blood pressure 15 401 3.7

Dizziness/dyspnoea 4 401 1.0

Abnormal foetal position 3 401 0.7

Dribbling 2 401 0.5

No foetal movement 2 401 0.5

Valvular heart disease 2 401 0.5

Back pain 2 401 0.5

Yellow coloration o f eyes/jaundice 1 401 0.2

Don't know 59 401 14.7

A least 2 symptoms recognized 87 401 21.7

A least 3 symptoms recognized 59 401 14.7

Table.38 Tetanus injection in pregnancy

Tetanus injections in last pregnancy Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 380 401 94.8

No 21 401 5.2

Frequencies of tetanus injections Numerator Denominator per cent

Once 23 380 6.1

Twice 237 380 62.4

Thrice and above 114 380 30.0


Tetanus injection at least 2 timesreceived 351 380 92.4

Table.39.a Previous tetanus injection

Previous tetanus injection Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes

No 29 29 100

Don’t Know


59

Table.40.a Delivery assisted

Delivery assisted Numerator Denominator per cent

Heath professional (skilled personnel) 188 401 46.9

Doctor 95 401 23.7







Relative/Friend 49 401 12.2

Table. 40.b Delivery assisted and demographic data

Township Assisted during delivery

Mawlamyinegyun Health professional Other person

Total per cent Count per cent Count per cent

Age Group 15-19 17 4.2 7 4.0 10 4.4

20-25 91 22.7 47 26.9 44 19.5

25-29 96 23.9 39 22.3 57 25.2

30-34 102 25.4 44 25.1 58 25.7

35-39 64 16.0 27 15.4 37 16.4

40-44 27 6.7 10 5.7 17 7.5

Above 45 4 1.0 1 0.6 3 1.3

Education

level

Never go to school 28 7.0 3 1.7 25 11.1

Primary 236 58.9 94 53.7 142 62.8

Middle/High 86 21.4 51 29.1 35 15.5

University and higher 22 5.5 20 11.4 2 0.9

Non-public education 29 7.2 7 4.0 22 9.7

Wealth index

quintiles

Poorest 86 100 25 29.1 61 70.9

Second 71 100 21 29.6 50 70.4

Middle 79 100 29 36.7 50 63.3

Fourth 85 100 38 44.7 47 55.3

Richest 80 100 62 77.5 18 22.5

Percentage

of health

care

expenditure

Below 20% 328 81.8 145 82.9 183 81.0

20-40% 48 12.0 15 8.6 33 14.6

Above 40% 25 6.2 15 8.6 10 4.4

TOTAL 401 100 175 100 226 100


60

Table.40.c Delivery assisted and Distance to clinic

Township Assisted during delivery

Mawlamyinegyun Health professional Other person


Below 1 Kilometre 112 27.9 73 38.8 39 18.3

1-2 Kilometres 84 20.9 42 22.3 42 19.7

3-5 Kilometres 52 13.0 22 11.7 30 14.1

Don’t know 153 38.2 51 27.1 102 47.9

Total 401 100 188 100 213 100

Table.41.a Place of birth

Place of birth Numerator Denominator per cent

Home 273 401 68.1

Public sector 123 401 30.7

Private medical 5 401 1.2

Table. 41.b Place of birth and demographic data

Township Place of birth the last child

Mawlamyinegyun Home Public Sector Private Medical

Sector


Age Group 15-19 17 4.2 12 4.4 5 4.1

20-25 91 22.7 53 19.4 38 30.9

25-29 96 23.9 67 24.5 27 22.0 2 40.0

30-34 102 25.4 71 26.0 28 22.8 3 60.0

35-39 64 16.0 46 16.8 18 14.6

40-44 27 6.7 20 7.3 7 5.7

Above 45 4 1.0 4 1.5

Education

level


Primary 236 58.9 165 60.4 71 57.7

Middle/High 86 21.4 53 19.4 33 26.8



Wealth index

quintiles

Poorest 86 100 67 77.9 18 20.9 1 1.2

Second 71 100 54 76.1 17 23.9

Middle 79 100 58 73.4 21 26.6

Fourth 85 100 59 69.4 26 30.6

Richest 80 100 35 43.8 41 51.3 4 5.0

Percentage

of

health care

expenditure

Below 20% 328 81.8 224 82.1 101 82.1 3 60.0

20-40% 48 12.0 34 12.5 12 9.8 2 40.0

Above 40% 25 6.2 15 5.5 10 8.1

TOTAL 401 100 273 100 123 100 5 100


61

Table.41.c Place of birth and Distance to the clinic

Township Place of birth the last child

Mawlamyinegyun Home Public Sector Private Medical Sector


Below 1 Kilometre 112 27.9 64 23.4 44 35.8 4 80.0

1-2 Kilometres 84 20.9 58 21.2 26 21.1

3-5 Kilometres 52 13.0 33 12.1 19 15.4

Don’t know 153 38.2 118 43.2 34 27.6 1 20.0

TOTAL 401 100 273 100 123 100 5 100

Table.42 Sever problem during delivery

Severe problems during delivery Numerator Denominator per cent

If water break and not in labour after 6 hrs 113 401 28.2

Labour pains continue for more than 12 hrs 106 401 26.4

Heavy bleeding 199 401 49.6

Placenta not expelled 1 hr after birth of baby 120 401 29.9


Transverse lie 5 401 1.2

Dizziness 6 401 1.5

Low blood pressure 2 401 0.5

Loss of consciousness/seizures 8 401 2.0

Uterine pain 5 401 1.2

Weakness 1 401 0.2

Difficult in breathing 1 401 0.2

High fever with shivering 65 401 16.2

Others 113 401 28.2

Don't know 106 401 26.4

A least 2 problems recognized 172 401 42.9

Table.43 Way of delivery

Way of delivery Numerator Denominator per cent

Normal 348 401 86.8

Assisted 6 401 1.5

Caesarean 47 401 11.7

Table.44 Type of assisted delivery and reason

Type of assisted delivery Numerator Denominator per cent

Vacuum 6 6 100

Forceps 0 0 100

Reason for assisted delivery

Unable to deliver due to big baby 6 6 100


62

Table.45 Type of Caesarean

Caesarean Numerator Denominator per cent

Planned 23 47 48.9

Emergency 24 47 51.1

Table. 46 Symptoms after delivery

Symptoms after delivery Numerator Denominator per cent

Vaginal bleeding has increased 234 401 58.4

Fits 134 401 33.4

Fast/Difficult breathing 67 401 16.7

Fever and too weak to get out of bed 104 401 25.9

Severe and headache with blurred

vision

96 401 23.9


Retained placenta 9 401 2.2

Uterine pain 3 401 0.7

Pain in limbs 11 401 2.7

Oedema 4 401 1.0

Shock 5 401 1.2

Loss of consciousness 1 401 0.2

Weakness 1 401 0.2

Tingling and numbness 5 401 1.2

Food allergy 1 401 0.2

Amenorrhoea 2 401 0.5

Dizziness/dyspnoea 2 401 0.5

Other 1 401 0.2

Don't know 58 401 14.5

At least 2 symptoms recognized 182 401 45.4

Table. 47.a Mother health check after delivery and timing

Mothers' health checked after

delivery Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 384 401 95.8

No 17 401 4.2

Don’t Know

Table. 47.b Mother health check after delivery and timing

When health first checked Numerator Denominator per cent

Within 1 hour 371 384 96.6

After 1 hour 9 384 2.3

Days 4 384 1.0


63

Table.48.a Health check for mother (4-6 weeks)

Health check of mother (4-6 wks) Numerator Denominator per cent

Heath professional(skilledpersonel) 144 384 37.5

Doctor 73 384 19.0







Relative 101 384 26.3

No examination 8 384 2.1

Don't know 3 384 0.8

Table.48.b Health check for mother (4-6 weeks) and demographic data

Township Health check of mother(4-6 weeks)


professional Other person Don't know

Total

per

cent Count

per

cent Count per cent Count per cent

Age Group 15-19 17 4.4 7 4.9 10 4.2

20-25 86 22.4 37 25.7 49 20.7

25-29 93 24.2 30 20.8 62 26.2 1 33.3

30-34 99 25.8 43 29.9 56 23.6

35-39 61 15.9 18 12.5 43 18.1

40-44 24 6.3 8 5.6 14 5.9 2 66.7

Above 45 4 1.0 1 0.7 3 1.3

Education

level


Primary 223 58.1 70 48.6 151 63.7 2 66.7

Middle/High 85 22.1 43 29.9 42 17.7



Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 79 100 21 26.6 58 73.4

Second 66 100 15 22.7 50 75.8 1 1.5

Middle 77 100 22 28.6 54 70.1 1 1.3

Fourth 82 100 33 40.2 48 58.5 1 1.2

Richest 80 100 53 66.3 27 33.8

Percentage

ofr health

care

expenditure

Below 20% 313 81.5 117 81.3 195 82.3 1 33.3

20-40% 46 12.0 15 10.4 31 13.1

Above 40% 25 6.5 12 8.3 11 4.6 2 66.7

TOTAL 384 100 144 100 237 100 3 100


64

Table.48.c Health checks for mother (4-6 weeks) and distance to clinic

Township Health check of mother(4-6weeks)

Mawlamyinegyun Health professional Other person Don't know


Below 1 Kilometre 104 27.1 52 36.1 52 21.9

1-2 Kilometres 82 21.4 28 19.4 54 22.8

3-5 Kilometres 51 13.3 17 11.8 33 13.9 1 33.3

Don’t know 147 38.3 47 32.6 98 41.4 2 66.7

TOTAL 384 100 144 100 237 100 3 100

Table.49.a Frequency of postnatal care in 6 weeks

Frequency of post natal care in 6 wks Numerator Denominator per cent

One time 16 384 4.2

Two times 29 384 7.6

Three times 55 384 14.3

Four times 36 384 9.4

Five times and above 284 384 64.6

Table. 49.b Frequency of postnatal care in 6 weeks and demographic data

Township Frequency of post natal care within 6 weeks

Mawlamyineg

yun 1-time 2-time 3-time 4-time

5-time and

above Don't know

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Coun

t

per

cent

Age Group 15-19 17 4.4 1 3.4 7 12.7 3 8.3 5 2.1 1 11.1

20-25 86 22.4 6 37.5 4 13.8 13 23.6 9 25.0 52 21.8 2 22.2

25-29 93 24.2 4 25.0 10 34.5 15 27.3 4 11.1 58 24.3 2 22.2

30-34 99 25.8 3 18.8 6 20.7 16 29.1 10 27.8 64 26.8

35-39 61 15.9 2 12.5 6 20.7 4 7.3 7 19.4 40 16.7 2 22.2

40-44 24 6.3 1 6.3 2 6.9 19 7.9 2 22.2

Above 45 4 1.0 3 8.3 1 0.4

Education

level

Never go to

school

26 6.8 1 6.3 1 3.4 5 9.1 2 5.6 15 6.3 2 22.2

Primary 223 58.1 12 75.0 16 55.2 34 61.8 23 63.9 133 55.6 5 55.6

Middle/ High 85 22.1 1 6.3 6 20.7 10 18.2 9 25.0 59 24.7

University and

higher

22 5.7 4 13.8 3 5.5 1 2.8 14 5.9

Non-public

education

28 7.3 2 12.5 2 6.9 3 5.5 1 2.8 18 7.5 2 22.2

Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 79 100 2 2.5 10 12.7 15 19.0 8 10.1 41 51.9 3 3.8

Second 66 100 5 7.6 5 7.6 9 13.6 5 7.6 38 57.6 4 6.1

Middle 77 100 2 2.6 4 5.2 11 14.3 9 11.7 50 64.9 1 1.3

Fourth 82 100 7 8.5 6 7.3 10 12.2 6 7.3 52 63.4 1 1.2

Richest 80 100 4 5.0 10 12.5 8 10.0 58 72.5


65

Percentage

of health

care

expenditure

Below 20% 313 81.5 12 75.0 18 62.1 46 83.6 32 88.9 197 82.4 8 88.9

20-40% 46 12.0 3 18.8 6 20.7 7 12.7 2 5.6 28 11.7

Above 40% 25 6.5 1 6.3 5 17.2 2 3.6 2 5.6 14 5.9 1 11.1

TOTAL 384 100 16 100 29 100 55 100 36 100 239 100 9 100

Table.49.c Frequency of postnatal care in 6 weeks and distance to clinic

Township Frequency of baby care within 6 weeks

Mawlamyinegi

un 1-time 2-time 3-time 4-time

5-time and

above

Don't know

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Below 1 Km 104 27.6 1 20.0 7 22.6 10 20.4 5 20.0 81 31.6

1-2 Km 80 21.2 1 20.0 8 25.8 2 4.1 7 28.0 62 24.2

3-5 Km 51 13.5 2 40.0 4 12.9 8 16.3 4 16.0 33 12.9

Don't known 142 37.7 1 20.0 12 38.7 29 59.2 9 36.0 80 31.3 11 100

Total 377 100 5 100 31 100 49 100 25 100 256 100 11 100

Table.50.a Child health check

Child's health checked Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 377 401 94.0

No 24 401 6.0

Table. 50.b When first checked

When first checked Numerator Denominator per cent

Within 1 hour 368 377 97.6

After 1 hour 6 377 1.6

Days 3 377 0.8

Table. 51 Who checked the baby in 4-6 week

Who checked Numerator Denominator per cent

Heath professional(skilled personel) 147 377 39.0

Doctor 62 377 16.4







Relative 112 377 29.7



66

Table.52.a Frequency of child check in 7 days

Frequency of child check in 7 days Numerator Denominator per cent

One time 5 377 1.3

Two times 31 377 8.2

Three times 49 377 13.0

Four times 25 377 6.6

Five times and above 267 377 70.8

Table. 52.b Frequency of child check in 7 days and demographic data

Township Frequency of baby care within 7 days

Mawlamyinegyun 1-time 2-time 3-time 4-time 5-time and

above Don't know

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Age

Group

15-19 17 4.5 1 3.2 3 6.1 3 12.0 8 3.1 2 18.2

20-25 84 22.3 1 20.0 4 12.9 15 30.6 5 20.0 57 22.3 2 18.2

25-29 89 23.6 2 40.0 7 22.6 11 22.4 4 16.0 62 24.2 3 27.3

30-34 98 26.0 2 40.0 10 32.3 14 28.6 4 16.0 65 25.4 3 27.3

35-39 61 16.2 8 25.8 5 10.2 7 28.0 40 15.6 1 9.1

40-44 24 6.4 1 3.2 1 2.0 2 8.0 20 7.8

Above 45 4 1.1 4 1.6

Education

level

Never go to

school 24 6.4 1 20.0 5 10.2 1 4.0 17 6.6

Primary 218 57.8 4 80.0 17 54.8 29 59.2 19 76.0 143 55.9 6 54.5

Middle/High 85 22.5 9 29.0 11 22.4 5 20.0 58 22.7 2 18.2

University

and higher 22 5.8 3 9.7 2 4.1 17 6.6

Non-public

education 28 7.4 2 6.5 2 4.1 21 8.2 3 27.3

Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 76 100 1 1.3 7 9.2 13 17.1 6 7.9 45 59.2 4 5.3

Second 65 100 1 1.5 3 4.6 8 12.3 6 9.2 45 69.2 2 3.1

Middle 75 100 5 6.7 9 12.0 2 2.7 57 76.0 2 2.7

Fourth 81 100 3 3.7 9 11.1 10 12.3 4 4.9 53 65.4 2 2.5

Richest 80 100 7 8.8 9 11.3 7 8.8 56 70.0 1 1.3

Percentage

of health

care

expenditure

Below 20% 307 81.4 5 100 23 74.2 37 75.5 22 88.0 212 82.8 8 72.7

20-40% 46 12.2 4 12.9 8 16.3 2 8.0 30 11.7 2 18.2

Above 40% 24 6.4 4 12.9 4 8.2 1 4.0 14 5.5 1 9.1

TOTAL 377 100 5 100 31 100 49 100 25 100 256 100 11 100


67

Table. 52.c Frequency of child check in 7 days and Distance to clinic

Township Frequency of baby care within 7 days

Mawlamyinegyun 1-time 2-time 3-time 4-time 5-time and

above Don't know

Count per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Below 1 Km 104 27.6 1 20.0 7 22.6 10 20.4 5 20.0 81 31.6

1-2 Km 80 21.2 1 20.0 8 25.8 2 4.1 7 28.0 62 24.2

3-5 Km 51 13.5 2 40.0 4 12.9 8 16.3 4 16.0 33 12.9

Don't known 142 37.7 1 20.0 12 38.7 29 59.2 9 36.0 80 31.3 11 100

Total 377 100 5 100 31 100 49 100 25 100 256 100 11 100

Table.53 Vitamin A received

Vitamin A Received Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 246 401 61.3

No 152 401 37.9


Table.54 Severe symptoms of newborn babies in first month of life

Severe symptoms of babies first

month of life Numerator Denominator per cent

Difficult breathing 98 401 24.4

Fits 248 401 61.8

Fever 184 401 45.9

Feels cold 107 401 26.7

Bleeding 48 401 12.0

Stops feeding 125 401 31.2

Diarrhoea 107 401 26.7

Papules eruption 2 401 0.5

Hepatitis/jaundice 11 401 2.7

No urine output 1 401 0.2

Deficiency of B 1 401 0.2

Don't know 29 401 7.2

Atleast 2 symptoms recognized 123 401 30.7

At least 3 symptoms recognized 120 401 29.9

Table.55 Any current pregnancy

Any current pregnancy Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 44 900 4.9

No 856 900 95.1


68

Table.56.a Like to have another child or not

Like to have another child or not Numerator Denominator per cent

Have another child 133 900 14.8

No more/none 686 900 76.2

Cannot get pregnant 13 900 1.4

Undecided/don’t know and pregnant 12 900 1.3

Undecided/don't know and not pregnant 56 900 6.2

Table.56.b Like to have another child or not and demographic data

Township Like to have another child or not

Mawlamyinegyun Have another

child No more/none

Cannot get

pregnant

Undecided/

don’t know

and pregnant

Undecided/

don't know

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Age Group 15-19 19 2.1 5 3.8 12 1.7 2 3.6

20-25 153 17.0 37 27.8 93 13.6 1 7.7 3 25.0 19 33.9

25-29 223 24.8 43 32.3 154 22.4 2 15.4 4 33.3 20 35.7

30-34 240 26.7 23 17.3 200 29.2 2 15.4 2 16.7 13 23.2

35-39 162 18.0 20 15.0 135 19.7 3 23.1 3 25.0 1 1.8

40-44 81 9.0 5 3.8 75 10.9 1 1.8

Above 45 22 2.4 17 2.5 5 38.5

Education

level

Never go to school 54 6.0 7 5.3 40 5.8 4 30.8 3 5.4

Primary 536 59.6 84 63.2 407 59.3 5 38.5 6 50.0 34 60.7

Middle/High 178 19.8 23 17.3 139 20.3 2 15.4 3 25.0 11 19.6

University and

higher

58 6.4 13 9.8 41 6.0

4 7.1

Non-public

education

74 8.2 6 4.5 59 8.6 2 15.4 3 25.0 4 7.1

Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 182 100 15 8.2 147 80.8 3 1.6 3 1.6 14 7.7

Second 180 100 36 20.0 122 67.8 2 1.1 6 3.3 14 7.8

Middle 178 100 25 14.0 138 77.5 2 1.1 13 7.3

Fourth 180 100 27 15.0 142 78.9 4 2.2 2 1.1 5 2.8

Richest 180 100 30 16.7 137 76.1 2 1.1 1 0.6 10 5.6

Number of

pregnancies

1 time 234 26.0 53 39.8 141 20.6 4 30.8 4 33.3 32 57.1

2-4 times 490 54.4 71 53.4 384 56.0 6 46.2 8 66.7 21 37.5

Above 5 time 176 19.6 9 6.8 161 23.5 3 23.1

3 5.4

Percentage

of health

care

expenditure

Below 20% 749 83.2 104 78.2 570 83.1 12 92.3 11 91.7 52 92.9

20-40% 99 11.0 19 14.3 77 11.2 1 7.7 1 8.3 1 1.8

Above 40% 52 5.8 10 7.5 39 5.7

3 5.4

TOTAL 900 100 133 100 686 100 13 100 12 100 56 100


69

Table. 57 Method to avoid pregnancy

Using method to avoid pregnancy Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 590 742 79.5

No 152 742 20.5

Table.58.a What method used

What methods used Numerator Denominator per cent

Female sterilization 9 590 1.5

Pill 143 590 24.2

IUD 39 590 6.6

Injectable 394 590 66.8

Implants 1 590 0.2

Male condom 2 590 0.3

Periodic abstinence/rhythm 1 590 0.2

Withdrawal 1 590 0.2

Traditional medicine 3 590 0.5

Table. 58.b Method used to avoid pregnancy and demographic data

Method

used to

avoid

pregnancy

Township

Fe

ma

le

ste

rili

zati

o

n

Pil

l

IUD

Inje

cta

ble

s

Imp

lan

ts

Fo

am

/je

lly

Lact

ati

on

a

lam

en

orr

h

oe

a

me

tho

d

Pe

rio

dic

ab

stin

en

ce

/rh

yth

m

Tra

dit

ion

al

me

dic

ine

Mawlamyine

gyun

To

tal

pe

r

cen

t

Co

un

t

pe

r

cen

t

Co

un

t

pe

r

cen

t

Co

un

t

pe

r

cen

t

Co

un

t

pe

r

cen

t

Co

un

t

pe

r

cen

t

Co

un

t

pe

r

cen

t

Co

un

t

pe

r

cen

t

Co

un

t

pe

r

cen

t

Co

un

t

pe

r

cen

t

Ag

e G

rou

p 15-19 10 1.7 2 1.4 8 2.0

20-25 90 15.3 1 11.1 19 13.3 8 20.5 62 15.7

25-29 149 25.3 1 11.1 43 30.1 6 15.4 100 25.4

30-34 172 29.2 2 22.2 44 30.8 12 30.8 109 27.7 1 100 1 50.0

3 100

35-39 104 17.6 1 11.1 19 13.3 11 28.2 73 18.5 1 50.0

1 100

40-44 58 9.8 3 33.3 15 10.5 2 5.1 37 9.4 1 100

Above

45

7 1.2 1 11.1 1 0.7 5 1.3

Ed

uca

tio

n l

ev

el

Never go

to school

31 5.3 6 4.2 1 2.6 24 6.1

Primary 351 59.5 5 55.6 88 61.5 2

4

61.5 234 59.4 2 66.7

Middle/Hi

gh

122 20.7 2 22.2 27 18.9 7 17.9 83 21.1 1 100 1 100 1 33.3

University

and

higher

43 7.3 1 11.1 11 7.7 3 7.7 26 6.6 1 100 2 100

Non-

public

education

43 7.3 1 11.1 11 7.7 4 10.3 27 6.9

We

alt

h i

nd

ex

qu

inti

les

Poorest 119 100 1 0.8 33 27.7 6 5.0 80 67.2

Second 107 100 1 0.9 25 23.4 10 9.3 69 64.5 1 0.9% 1 0.9

Middle 117 100 29 24.8 8 6.8 78 66.7 1 0.9 1 0.9

Fourth 121 100 1 0.8 30 24.8 7 5.8 82 67.8 1 0.8

Richest 126 100 6 4.8 26 20.6 8 6.3 85 67.5 1 0.8 1 0.8 1 0.8


70

Nu

mb

er

of

pre

gn

an

cie

s 1

time

147 24.9 33 23.1 3 7.7 112 28.4 1 33.3

2-4

times

335 56.8 7 77.8 80 55.9 30 76.9 212 53.8 1 10 2 100 1 100 2 66.7

5

times

and

abov

e

108 18.3 2 22.2 30 21.0 6 15.4 70 17.8 1 10

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

he

alt

h

care

ex

pe

nd

itu

re Below

20%

501 84.9 9 100 116 81.1 32 82.1 340 86.3 2 100 1 100 3 100

20-40% 60 10.2

20 14.0 5 12.8 35 8.9 1 100

Above

40%

29 4.9

7 4.9 2 5.1 19 4.8

1 100

TOTAL 590 100 9 100 143 100 39 100 394 100 1 100 2 100 1 100 1 100 3 100

Table.59 Ever breastfed

Ever breastfed Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 1022 1055 96.9

No 33 1055 3.1

Table.60 First time breastfed

First time breast fed Numerator Denominator per cent

Immediately 988 1,022 96.7

Within 24 hour 20 1,022 2.0

Don't know 14 1,022 1.4

Table.61 Still breastfed

Still breastfed Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 471 1,022 46.1

No 551 1,022 53.9

Table.62.a Child received food/supplement

Child receive food/supplements Numerator Denominator per cent

Vitamin supplements 248 972 25.5

Plain water 914 972 94.0

Sweetened water or juice 263 972 27.1

ORS 44 972 4.5

Infant formula 47 972 4.8

Milk 79 972 8.1

Other liquids 32 972 3.3

Solid or semi-solid food 907 972 93.3


71

Table.62.b The number of time the child eat and age group Number

of time

the

child

eat

Age Group(Months)


Count per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

One 4 0.4 6 0.7 1 0.1 2 0.2 2 0.2 1 0.1

Two 3 0.3 37 4.1 27 3.0 15 1.7 19 2.1 11 1.2

Three 1 0.1 32 3.5 54 6.0 44 4.9 47 5.2 46 5.1

Four 17 1.9 44 4.9 73 8.0 70 7.7 52 5.7

Five 3 0.3 26 2.9 30 3.3 37 4.1 38 4.2

Six 2 0.2 1 0.1 7 0.8 28 3.1 27 3.0 15 1.7

Seven 5 0.6 6 0.7 29 3.2 22 2.4 13 1.4

Eight 1 0.1 1 0.1 2 0.2 4 0.4

Nine 2 0.2

Total 10 1.1 101 11.1 166 18.3 222 24.5 228 25.1 180 19.8

Table. 63.a Exclusive breastfeeding in under 6 months of age

Exclusivebreastfeeding under 6 months

of age Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 87 117 74.4

No 30 117 25.6

Table.63.b How long should exclusively breastfed

How long should exclusively breastfeed Numerator Denominator per cent

Correct answer(6 Months) 816 900 90.7

Incorrect answer 48 900 5.3

Don't know 36 900 4.0

Table.64.a Benefits of breastfed

Benefits of breastfeeding Numerator Denominator per cent

Nutritional benefits 608 900 67.6

Immune system benefits 599 900 66.6

Promote uterine involution 27 900 3.0

Birth spacing 89 900 9.9

Bonding with child 170 900 18.9

Cost saving 331 900 36.8

Reduce occurrence of diarrhoea 174 900 19.3

Reduce risk of ovary and breast cancer 39 900 4.3

Smart child 55 900 6.1


At least 2 benefits recognized 260 900 28.9

At least 3 benefits recognized 227 900 25.2


72

Table. 64.b Benefits of breastfed and education level of respondent

Township Benefits of breastfeeding

Mawlamyinegyun Any 2 Any 3



Primary 536 59.6 155 59.6 136 59.9

Middle/High 178 19.8 52 20.0 50 22.0



TOTAL 900 100 260 100 227 100

Table.65 Immunization card

The immunization card seen Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes, seen 95 182 52.2

Yes, not seen 30 182 16.5

No card 57 182 31.3

Table. 66.a Immunization complete

Immunization


Boy Girl


DPT3 44 83.0 38 90.5 82 86.3

Measles 1 38 71.7 30 71.4 68 71.6

DPT3&Measles 36 67.9 29 69.0 65 68.4

Table. 66.b Immunization complete and education level

Township

Mawlamyinegyun Incomplete DPT3 Measles 1 DPT3&Measles

Total per cent Count per cent Count per cent Count per cent Count per cent


Primary 62 65.3 52 63.4 45 66.2 42 64.6 7 70.0

Middle/High 17 17.9 15 18.3 13 19.1 13 20.0 2 20.0

University and higher 5 5.3 4 4.9 4 5.9 4 6.2 1 10.0


TOTAL 95 100 82 100 68 100 65 100 10 100

Table.67 Ever had any vaccination

Ever had any vaccinations Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 83 87 95.4

No 3 87 3.4



73

Table.68 Ever had DPT vaccination

Ever had DPT vaccinations Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 82 83 98.8

No 1 83 1.2

Table.69 Frequency of DPT vaccination

How many times DTP vaccinations Numerator Denominator per cent

1 6 82 7.3

2 8 82 9.8

3 63 82 76.8


Table.70 Getting measles or Measles, Mumps and Rubella vaccination

Ever had Measles or Measles, Mumps

and Rubella vaccination Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 79 83 95.2

No 3 83 3.6


Table. 71.a Vitamin A received

Vitamin A received Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 823 938 87.7

No 113 938 12.0


Table. 71.b Vitamin A received and Demographic data

Township Receive Vitamin A or not

Mawlamyinegyun Yes No Don’t Know

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Education

level


Primary 554 59.1 480 58.3 73 64.6 1 50.0

Middle/High 185 19.7 174 21.1 11 9.7



Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 200 100 166 83.0 33 16.5 1 0.5

Second 184 100 163 88.6 21 11.4 Middle 191 100 166 86.9 25 13.1 Fourth 183 100 167 91.3 16 8.7 Richest 180 100 161 89.4 18 10.0 1 0.6

Percentage

of health

care

expenditure

Below 20% 794 84.6 692 84.1 100 88.5 2 100

20-40% 97 10.3 91 11.1 6 5.3 Above 40% 47 5.0 40 4.9 7 6.2

TOTAL 938 100 823 100 113 100 2 100


74

Table.72 Months of last dose of Vitamin A received

Months of last dosage of Vitamin A Numerator Denominator per cent

1-3 months 518 823 62.9

4-6 months 115 823 14.0

7 months and above 64 823 7.8

Don’t know 126 823 15.3

Table.73 Location of last dose

Location of last dose Numerator Denominator per cent

Regular distribution by health staff 814 823 98.9

National Immunization Day Campaign 8 823 1.0


Table.74.a Diarrhoea last 2 weeks

Diarrhoea last 2 weeks Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 121 1,055 11.5

No 934 1,055 88.5

Table.74. b Diarrhoea last 2 weeks and water treatment

Township The last two weeks, the child had diarrhoea or not

Mawlamyinegyun Yes No


Treat water in any way to

make it safer to drink

Yes 180 98.9 35 100 145 98.6

No 2 1.1 2 1.4

TOTAL 182 100 35 100 147 100

Table.74.c Diarrhoea last 2 weeks and Type of water treatment

Township The last two weeks, the child had diarrhoea or not

Mawlamyinegyun Yes No


Type of

water

treatment

Boil 67 37.2 12 34.3 55 37.9

Add bleach /chlorine 8 4.4 2 5.7 6 4.1

Strain it through a cloth 150 83.3 29 82.9 121 83.4

Use water filter 3 1.7 2 5.7 1 0.7

Let it stand and settle 96 53.3 13 37.1 83 57.2

Alum 76 42.2 14 40.0 62 42.8

Ceramic filter 2 1.1 2 1.4

Water purifier 1 0.6 1 0.7


75

Table.75 How much the child drank during diarrhoea (including breastfeeding)

How much child drankduring diarrhoea Numerator Denominator per cent

Much less or none 43 121 35.5

About the Same 32 121 26.4

More 46 121 38.0

Table.76 Amount of food given during diarrhoea

Food during diarrhoea Numerator Denominator per cent

Never gave food 19 121 15.7

Stopped food 8 121 6.6

Much less 28 121 23.1

Some what less 40 121 33.1

About the same 21 121 17.4

More 5 121 4.1

Table.77.a Given child anything during diarrhoea

Give child anythingduring diarrhoea Numerator Denominator per cent

ORS sachet 75 121 62.0

Sugar-salt solution 4 121 3.3

Cereal based ORT 7 121 5.8

Zinc Tablets 2 121 1.7

Breast milk 53 121 43.8

Water 48 121 39.7

Tea, coffee, soft drinks, etc 13 121 10.7

Medication for diarrhoea 62 121 51.2

Take child to the hospital/clinic 41 121 33.9

Take child to quack or traditional healer 10 121 8.3

Given Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) 82 121 67.8

Table. 77.b Given ORT during diarrhoeaby sex

Giving ORT or not

during diarrhoea


Boy Girl


Giving ORT 38 69.1 44 66.7 82 67.8

Other treatments 17 30.9 22 33.3 39 32.2

TOTAL 55 100 66 100 121 100


76

Table.78 Danger signs of diarrhoea

What are danger signs of diarrhoea Numerator Denominator per cent

Lethargic or unconscious 420 900 46.7

Unable to drink or drink poorly 382 900 42.4

Sunken eyes and sunken soft spot in

babies

273 900

30.3

Inelastic skin 152 900 16.9

Blood in stool 99 900 11.0

Vomiting 345 900 38.3

Dehydration 64 900 7.1

Thinning 1 900 0.1

Pain in abdomen 2 900 0.2

Fever 12 900 1.3

Don't know 136 900 15.1

At least 2 signs recognized 309 900 34.3


Table.79 Cough or difficult breathing in 2 weeks

Cough or difficulty breathing in 2 weeks Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 254 1,055 24.1

No 799 1,055 75.7

Don’t know 2 1,055 0.2

Table.80 Other problems

Other problems Numerator Denominator per cent

Problem in chest only 142 254 55.9

Blocked or runny nose only 81 254 31.9

Both 10 254 3.9

Difficult in breathing 5 254 2.0

Don't know 16 254 6.3

Table.80.a Seek treatment

Seek treatment Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 129 168 76.8

No 39 168 23.2


77

Table. 80.b Who provided treatment

Who provided treatment Numerator Denominator per cent

Public Sector 71 129 55.0

Govt. health centre (RHC) 35 129 27.1

Govt. health post (Sub-centre) 23 129 17.8

Govt. Hospital 14 129 10.9

Village health worker 3 129 2.3

Private medical sector 47 129 36.4

Private Hospital 0 129 0

Private pharmacy 11 129 8.5

Private physician 36 129 27.9

UHC/MCH Centre

Traditional medicine clinic 3 129 2.3

Others source 11 129 8.5

Relative/Friends 3 129 2.3

Betal quid shop 8 129 6.2

Table.82.a Any medication for child

Any medications for child Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 129 129 100

Table. 82.b Place provided treatment and medication given

Township Any medications

Mawlamyinegyun Yes

Total per cent Count per cent

Place that

provide

treatment

Public sector 71 55.0 71 55.0

Private sector 47 36.4 47 36.4

Other source 11 8.5 11 8.5

TOTAL 129 100 129 100

Table. 83.a Medicine for children by sex

Medicine for children Gender of child TOTAL

Boy Girl


Antibiotic (e.g. Septrin, amoxicillin) 26 39.4 21 33.3 47 36.4

Cough tablets/syrup 39 59.1 36 57.1 75 58.1

Paracetamol/ panadol 31 47.0 23 36.5 54 41.9

Vitamins/ tonic 8 12.1 9 14.3 17 13.2

Don't know 14 21.2 17 27.0 31 24.0


78

Table.83.b Place of treatment providers and medication given

Township

Mawlamyinegyun

Antibiotic

(e.g. Septrin,

amoxicillin)

Paracetamol/

panadol

Cough

tablets/syrup

Vitamins/

tonic Don't know

Total per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Place that

provide

treatment

Public sector 71 55.0 31 66.0 34 63.0 43 57.3 9 52.9 15 48.4 Private sector 47 36.4 15 31.9 16 29.6 23 30.7 8 47.1 16 51.6 Other source 11 8.5 1 2.1 4 7.4 9 12.0

TOTAL 129 100 47 100 54 100 75 100 17 100 31 100

Table.84 Signs of severe acute respiratory infection

Signs of severe acute respiratory

infection Numerator Denominator per cent

Rapid or difficult breathing 417 900 46.3 High fever 231 900 25.7

Intrusion of sternum and ribs 127 900 14.1 Whistling sound while breathing 314 900 34.9

Seizures/loss of conciousness 4 900 0.4 Vomitting/refuse breast feeding 3 900 0.3

Epistasis 1 900 0.1 puffy face/mump 1 900 0.1

Don't know 286 900 31.8

Any 2 signs recognized 258 900 28.7



79

Table.85 Danger signs to seek treatment in children in children

Danger signs to seek treatment Numerator Denominator per cent

Child not able to drink or breastfeed 228 900 25.3

Child becomes sicker 497 900 55.2

Child develops high fever 534 900 59.3

Child has fast breathing 89 900 9.9

Child has difficulty breathing 173 900 19.2

Child has convulsions 380 900 42.2

Child has blood in stools 164 900 18.2

Child eating drinking poorly 134 900 14.9

Vomiting 6 900 0.7

DHF 13 900 1.4

Diarrhoea 21 900 2.3

Fever 1 900 0.1

Unable to defecate/urinate 1 900 0.1

Whooping cough 7 900 0.8 Jaundice/burning micturition/yellow coloration of eyes 3 900 0.3

TB 1 900 0.1 Epistasis 1 900 0.1




Table.86 Growth monitoring chart

Growth Monitoring Chart Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes (Card seen) 67 1,055 6.4

Yes( card not seen) 92 1,055 8.7

No 894 1,055 84.7

Don’t Know 2 1,055 0.2

Table.87 Weight in last 4 months

Weighed in last 4 months Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 40 67 59.7

No 27 67 40.3

Table.88 Global Acute Malnutrition (6-59 months) (NCHS) (1977)

Weight for Age-WAZ Weight for height-WHZ Height for Age-HAZ

Moderate

(<-2 and >=-

3 z-score)

Severe

(<-3 z-

score)

Number

of

children

Moderate

(<-2 and >=-

3 z-score)

Severe

(<-3 z-

score)

Number

of

children

Moderate

(<-2 and >=-

3 z-score)

Severe

(<-3 z-

score)

Number

of

children

Boy 30.7 5 114 11 1.9 41 23.8 8.8 104

Girl 34.2 6.3 147 8 1.4 34 36.4 11.6 138

TOTAL 32.6 5.7 261 9.4 1.6 75 25.2 10.3 242

Global Acute Malnutrition (WHZ <-2 to -3 moderate plus <-3 Z severe)


80

Table-89.a Wasting (Weight for height)

Nutritional Indicators Numerator Denominator Per cent CI

Prevalence of global acute malnutrition

(<-2 z-score and/or oedema) 75 682 11.0 (-4.2-26.2)

Boys 41 319 12.9 (-50-30.7)

Girls 34 363 9.4 (6.4-12.4)

Prevalence of moderate acute malnutrition

(<-2 z-score and >=-3 z-score, no oedema) 64 682 9.4 (-3.6-22.4)

Boys 35 319 11.0 (-4.2-26.2)

Girls 29 363 8.0 (5.2-10.8)

Prevalence of severe acute malnutrition


Boys 6 319 1.9 (-0.7-4.5)

Girls 5 363 1.4 (0.2-2.6)

Table.89.b Wasting and demographic data of mother

Wasting (Weight for height-WHZ)

TOTAL Moderate

(<-2 and >=-3 z-score)

Severe

(<-3 z-score)


Education

level


Primary 37 57.8 6 54.5 43 57.3

Middle/High 9 14.1 3 27.3 12 16.0

University and higher 6 9.4 6 8.0


Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 14 77.8 4 22.2 18 100

Second 15 93.8 1 6.3 16 100

Middle 17 89.5 2 10.5 19 100

Fourth 9 81.8 2 18.2 11 100

Richest 9 81.8 2 18.2 11 100

TOTAL 64 11 75


81

Table-90.a Under-weight (Weight for age) Nutritional Indicators Numerator Denominator Per cent CI

Prevalence of under-weight


Boys 114 319 35.7 (-13.8-85.3)

Girls 147 363 40.5 (35.4-45.5)

Prevalence of moderate under-weight


Boys 98 319 30.7 (-11.9-73.3)

Girls 124 363 34.2 (29.3-39.0)

Prevalence of severe under-weight


Boys 16 319 5 (-1.9-12.0)

Girls 23 363 6.3 (3.8-8.8)

Table.90.b Underweight and demographic data of mother

Underweight (Weight for Age-WAZ)

TOTAL Moderate


Severe

(<-3 z-score)


Education

level


Primary 140 63.1 23 59.0 163 62.5

Middle/High 37 16.7 6 15.4 43 16.5



Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 53 79.1 14 20.9 67 100

Second 56 86.2 9 13.8 65 100

Middle 39 83.0 8 17.0 47 100

Fourth 44 93.6 3 6.4 47 100

Richest 30 85.7 5 14.3 35 100

TOTAL 222 39 261


82

Table-91.a Stunting (Height for age) Nutritional Indicators Numerator Denominator Per cent CI

Prevalence of stunting


Boys 104 319 32.6 (-12.6-77.8)

Girls 138 363 38 (33.0-43.0)

Prevalence of moderate stunting


Boys 76 319 23.8 (-9.2-56.8)

Girls 96 363 36.4 (21.9-31.0)

Prevalence of severe stunting


Boys 28 319 8.8 (-3.4-20.9)

Girls 42 363 11.6 (8.3-14.9)

Table.91.b Stunting and demographic data of mother

Table.92.a Number of living children

Deworming medication received in

last 6 months Numerator Denominator per cent

Yes 549 1,055 52

No 502 1,055 47.6

Don't know 4 1,055 0.4

Stunting (Height for Age-HAZ)

TOTAL Moderate


Severe

(<-3 z-score)


Education

level


Primary 104 60.5 43 61.4 147 60.7

Middle/High 32 18.6 12 17.1 44 18.2

University and higher 7 4.1 7 2.9


Wealth

index

quintiles

Poorest 44 69.8 19 30.2 63 100

Second 36 69.2 16 30.8 52 100

Middle 34 73.9 12 26.1 46 100

Fourth 30 69.8 13 30.2 43 100

Richest 28 73.7 10 26.3 38 100

TOTAL


83

Table.92.b Child received medicine for de-worming by age group

Received

deworming

Age Group(Months)


Count per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent Count

per

cent

Yes 1 0.1 14 1.3 45 4.3 154 14.6 177 16.8 158 15.0

No 116 11.0 105 10.0 137 13.0 68 6.4 52 4.9 24 2.3

Don't know

2 0.2

1 0.1 1 0.1

Total 117 11.1 121 11.5 182 17.3 223 21.1 230 21.8 182 17.3


84

Annex- 2 Questionnaire in English

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BASELINE AND FOLLOW UP POPULATION BASED MCH SURVEY

Eligible Women Information

This module is to be administered to all women who have under 5 children. Please use one

questionnaire set for one women.

WM1. Respondent ID: WM2. Household number:

___ ___ ___

___ ___

WM3. Interviewer Code: WM4. Day / Month / Year of interview:

Name ___ ___

___ ___ / ___ ___ / ___ ___ ___ ___

WM5. Village Tract____________________

WM6. Village name _____________________

WE ARE LOCAL VOLUNTEERSAND STAFF FROM ………………….., A NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION. WE WOULD LIKE TO

ASK YOU ABOUT HEALTH OF THE MOTHERS AND CHILDREN FROM THIS HOUSEHOLD. THE INTERVIEW WILL TAKE ABOUT 45

MINUTES. ALL THE INFORMATION WE OBTAIN WILL REMAIN STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL AND YOUR ANSWERS WILL NEVER BE

SHARED WITH ANYONE OTHER THAN OUR PROJECT TEAM. YOU CAN CHOOSE TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS INTERVIEW OR CHOOSE

NOT TO ANSWER SOME QUESTIONS. IF YOU AGREE TO BE INTERVIEWED, PLEASE SIGN AT THE APPROPRIATE PLACE ON THE

CONSENT FORM.

MAY I START NOW?

�� Yes, permission is given �Get consent form and Begin the interview.

�� No, permission is not given �Complete WM7. Discuss this result with your supervisor.

WM7. Result of woman’s interview Completed ........................................................ 1

Not at home ..................................................... 2

Refused ............................................................. 3

Partly completed .............................................. 4

Incapacitated .................................................... 5

Cannot find house/.......................................... 6

House destroyed

Other (specify) _________________________ 7

WM8. Supervised by (Name and number):

Name _______________________ ___ ___

WM9. Data entry (Name and number):

Name _______________________ ___ ___


85

Woman’s Background

1. How old are you?

____ ____ years

2. Marital Status Married………………………….…….………..…………….1

Widowed……………………….….……………..…………..2

Separated…………………….……..……..…….…..……..3

Divorced…………………………….………..….…………..4

Other (specify).…………………………………………….5

3. What is the highest level of school you

attended?

Never go to school...........................................1

Primary............................................................2

Middle/High.....................................................3

University and higher.......................................4

Non-public education......................................5

REF:

MICS

4. Number of household members

(adults and children)

_____ _____ members

5. Past Obstetric history Number of pregnancies ____ ____

Number of child deliveries ____ ____

Number of abortion ____ ____

6. Number of living children (including those

living together or not) ____ ____

7. Have you ever given birth to a boy or girl

who was born alive but later died?

If “no”, probe by asking:

I mean to a child who ever breathed or

cried or showed other signs of life even if

he or she lived only a few minutes or

hours?

Yes ......................................................... 1

No .......................................................... 2

2�Q.9

8. How many children have died? ____ ____

9. Total number of children

Check the number with mother. If not the

same, repeat asking questions from Q.5. _____ _____ (sum Question 6 and 8)

10. Have you given any live birth in the last

2 years?

Yes ......................................................... 1

No .......................................................... 2

11. How many children do you have are

under-five? _____ _____

WE WOULD LIKE TO ASK YOU ABOUT UNDER-5 CHILDREN YOU HAVE GIVEN BIRTH. PLEASE FILL IN QUESTION COLUMN 12 WITH THE

NAMES OF CHILDREN IN AGE ORDER. THEN ASK QUESTION 13 TO 19 FOR EACH CHILD. PLEASE FILL IN INFORMATION OF TWINS

INDIVIDUALLY. IF THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN EXCEED THE SPACES GIVEN, PLEASE FILL IN ANOTHER QUESTIONNAIRE.


86

12. NAME OF

CHILD

13. SINGLE

OR TWINS

14. BOY OR

GIRL

15. MONTH

AND YEAR

BORN

16. STILL

ALIVE?

17. AGE

WHEN

DECEASED**

18. IF ALIVE,

HOW OLD AT

LAST

BIRTHDAY?

19. IF

ALIVE, IS

THE

CHILD

LIVING

WITH

MOTHER

?

1. SING......1

MULT.....2

BOY.......1

GIRL......2

MTH _____

YR _______

YES....1 (Q.18)

NO.......2

DAY ______

MONTHS ____

YEARS ____

AGE IN YEARS

_______

YES.....1

NO.......

2

2. SING......1

MULT.....2

BOY.......1

GIRL......2

MTH _____

YR _______

YES....1 (Q.18)

NO.......2

DAY ______

MONTHS ____

YEARS ____

AGE IN YEARS

_______

YES.....1

NO.......

2

3. SING......1

MULT.....2

BOY.......1

GIRL......2

MTH _____

YR _______

YES....1 (Q.18)

NO.......2

DAY ______

MONTHS ____

YEARS ____

AGE IN YEARS

_______

YES.....1

NO.......

2

4. SING......1

MULT.....2

BOY.......1

GIRL......2

MTH _____

YR _______

YES....1 (Q.18)

NO.......2

DAY ______

MONTHS ____

YEARS ____

AGE IN YEARS

_______

YES.....1

NO.......

2

5. SING......1

MULT.....2

BOY.......1

GIRL......2

MTH _____

YR _______

YES....1 (Q.18)

NO.......2

DAY ______

MONTHS ____

YEARS ____

AGE IN YEARS

_______

YES.....1

NO.......

2

6. SING......1

MULT.....2

BOY.......1

GIRL......2

MTH _____

YR _______

YES....1 (Q.18)

NO.......2

DAY ______

MONTHS ____

YEARS ____

AGE IN YEARS

_______

YES.....1

NO.......

2

NOTE: THE NUMBER OF TOTAL CHILDREN FROM QUESTION 11 MUST BE THE SAME AS THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN MENTIONED

UNDER QUESTION 12. IF NOT THE SAME, RECHECK AND CONFIRM.

** If deceased when under 1 month old, please mention age in days, if under 2 years old, mention as

months, if above 2 years old, write in years.


87

Questionnaire for Household

Household Characteristics

20. What are the main sources of livelihood

for the household at this time?

List as many as mentioned

Fishing (own production)..................................1

Crops (own production)....................................2

Livestock production (draught animals, pigs

and poultry) (own production).........................3

Aquaculture production (shrimp, prawn,

crabs, etc.) (own production).....................4

Government employee....................................5

Trader/shopkeeper/

village broker/ vendors..............................6

Self-employed/craftsman/artisan...................7

Casual labour in agricultural sector................8

Casual labour in non-agricultural sector.........9

Other (specify) ..............................................10

REF: PR IV

21. How many rooms in this household are

used for sleeping? No. of rooms ____ _____

REF: MICS

22. Main material of the dwelling floor

Record observation

Natural floor

Earth/mud……………………………………………………1

Sand…………………………………………….………………2

Rudimentary floor

Wood planks………………………………………………..3

Bamboo……………………………………………….………4

Finished floor

Parquet or polished wood……………………………5

Ceramic tile…………………………………………………6

Cement………………………………………………….……7

Carpet…………………………………………………………8

Other(specify) ……………………………………………..9

REF: MICS


88

23. Main material of the roof.

Record observation.

Natural roofing

No roof…………………………………………..………………1

Palm leaf………………………………………………..………2

Rudimentary Roofing

Thatch…………………………………………………………...3

Bamboo……………………………………………….…………4

Wood planks……………………………………….….………5

Finished roofing

Iron Sheet………………………………..…………….………6

Cement………………………………………………….………7

Ceramic tiles…………………………………………….……8

Other (specify) ………………………………………………9

REF: MICS

24. Main material of the walls.

Record observation.

Natural walls

No walls………………………………………..……….………1

Cane/palm/trunks………………………………….………2

Mud…………………………………………..………….……….3

Rudimentary walls

Bamboo/Thatch………………….………..………..…..…4

Wood…………………………………………..……….……….5

Finished walls

Cement…………………………………………..………..……6

Stone with lime/cement…………………………..……7

Bricks…………………………………………..…………..……8

Wood planks/Shingles……………………………………9

Other (specify) ……………………..……………..………10

REF: MICS

25. What type of fuel does your household

mainly use for cooking?

Electricity……………………………………..……….………1

Liquid Propane Gas (LPG) ………………..…….………2

Natural gas…………………………………………….………3

Biogas…………………………………………..……….………4

Kerosene……………………………………...……….………5

Coal/ Lignite…………………………..……..……….….…6

Charcoal………………………………………..………..……7

Wood…………………………….……………..……….………8

Straw/shrubs/grass………….…………..……….….……9

Animal dung…………………………………………………10

Agricultural crop residue……………………….….…11

Other (specify) ……………………………………………12

Ref: MICS

01->Q.28

02-> Q.28

03-> Q.28

04-> Q.28


89

26. In this household, is food cooked on an

open fire, an open stove or a closed

stove?

Open fire……………………………………...……….………1

Open stove…………………………………...……….………2

Closed stove……………………..………………….………..3

Other (specify)………………………..……..……….………4

Ref: MICS

3-> Q.28

6-> Q.28

27. Does the fire/stove have a chimney or

a hood?

Yes……………………..………………………...……….………1

No……………………..………………………...……….….……2

Ref: MICS

28. Is the cooking usually done in the

house, in a separate building, of

outdoors?

In the house……………….………………...……….………1

In a separate building…………………...……….………2

Outdoors…………...………………………...……….………3

Other (specify) ……………………...……..……….………4

Ref: MICS

29. Does your household have:

Electricity?

A Radio?

Television?

VCD/DVD?

A Mobile Telephone?

A Non-mobile telephone?

A refrigerator?

Other? (specify)

________________________________

Yes No

Electricity ................................ ...............1 2

Radio ................................................... ...1 2

Television ............................................... 1 2

VCD/DVD............................................... 1 2

Mobile telephone .................................. 1 2

Non-mobile telephone .......................... 1 2

Refrigerator ........................................... 1 2

Other ..................................................... 1 2

REF: MICS

30. Does any member of your household

own:

A Watch?

A Bicycle?

A Motorcycle or Scooter

An Animal-Drawn Cart?

A Car or Truck?

A Boat with a Motor?

Other? (specify)

______________________________

Yes No

Watch……………………………………………………1 2

Bicycle…………………………………………………..1 2

Motorcycle/Scooter………………………………1 2

Animal Drawn-Cart/boat……………………….1 2

Car/Truck………………………………………………1 2

Motorized Boat……………………………………..1 2

Other…………….……………………………………..1 2

Ref: MICS

Water and Sanitation

31. What is the main source of drinking

water for members of your household?

Please ask only one main source of

drinking water supply.

Piped water

Piped into dwelling...................................... 1

Piped into compound, yard or plot............. 2

Public tap / standpipe................................. 3

Tube Well, Borehole........................................ 4

Dug well

Protected well............................................. 5

Unprotected well......................................... 6

REF: MICS 1�35

2�35 3�33 4�33 5�33


90

Water from spring

Protected spring.......................................... 7

Unprotected spring..................................... 8

Rainwater collection...................................... 9

Tanker-truck.................................................. 10

Cart with small tank / drum........................... 11

Surface water (river, stream, dam, lake,

pond, canal, irrigation channel)..................... 12

Bottled water................................................. 13

Other (specify) _______________________ 14

6�33 7�33 8�33 9�20 10�33 11�33 12�33 14�33

32. What is the main source of water

used by your household for other

purposes such as cooking and hand

washing?

Please ask only one main source of water

used for multi-purposes

Piped water

Piped into dwelling...................................... 1

Piped into compound, yard or plot............. 2

Public tap / standpipe................................. 3

Tube Well, Borehole........................................ 4

Dug well

Protected well............................................. 5

Unprotected well......................................... 6

Water from spring

Protected spring.......................................... 7

Unprotected spring..................................... 8

Rainwater collection...................................... 9

Tanker-truck.................................................. 10

Cart with small tank / drum........................... 11

Surface water (river, stream, dam, lake,

pond, canal, irrigation channel)..................... 12

Other (specify) _______________________ 13

REF: MICS 1�35

2�35

33. How long does it take to go there, get

water, and come back?

Number of minutes __ __ __

Can get water from home ..........................995

DK................................................................ 996

REF: MICS

995�35

34. Who usually goes to this source to

fetch the water for your household?

Probe:

Is this person under age 15? What sex?

Circle code that best describes this

person

Adult woman...............................................1

Adult man....................................................2

Female child (under 15)...............................3

Male child (under 15)..................................4

Don’t know..................................................5

REF: MICS


91

35. Do you treat your water in any way

to make it safer to drink?

Yes.................................................................. 1

No................................................................... 2

DK................................................................... 3

REF: MICS 2�37

8�37

36. What do you usually do to make the

water safer to drink?

Probe:

Anything else?

Record all items mentioned.

Boil................................................................. 1

Add bleach / chlorine..................................... 2

Strain it through a cloth.................................. 3

Use water filter (ceramic, sand, composite,

etc.)................................................................ 4

Solar disinfection............................................ 5

Let it stand and settle..................................... 6

Other (specify) _______________________ 7

DK................................................................... 8

REF: MICS

37. What kind of toilet facility do

members of your household usually

use?

If necessary, ask permission to observe

the facility.

Flush / Pour flush

Flush to piped sewer system....................... 1

Flush to septic tank..................................... 2

Flush to somewhere else............................ 3

Pit latrine

Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP)......... 4

Pit latrine with slab..................................... 5

Pit latrine without slab / Open pit............... 6

Composting toilet........................................... 7

Bucket............................................................ 8

Hanging toilet, Hanging latrine...................... 9

No facility, Bush, Field.................................... 10

Other (specify)_______________________ 11

REF: MICS 10�Next

Module

38. Do you share this facility with other

households?

Yes.................................................................. 1

No................................................................... 2

REF: MICS

2�Next

module

39. How many households in total use

this toilet facility, including your own

household?

Number of households (if less than 10) __

Ten or more households................................ 10

DK................................................................... 11

REF: MICS


92

Household Expenditure

Expenditure during last month

40. How much did this household spend on

the following in the last month?

(in kyats only)

1. Transport□□□□□□□□□□ 2. Housing □□□□□□□□□□

3. Clothing □□□□□□□□□□ 4. Food □□□□□□□□□□ 5. Education □□□□□□□□□ 6. Health care

□□□□□□□□□ 7. Fuel for heating/cooking

□□□□□□□□□□ 8. Contributions to social/religious activities

□□□□□□□□□□ 9. Others

(specify)□□□□□□□□□□ 10. Don’t know

11. Refuse to answer

REF: MICS

41. What was the total expenditure in the

last month?

If the sum up of expenditures from

question 40 is different from the answer

to question 41, recheck with the

respondent.

Under 50,000 kyats ……………….…...……….………1

Ks. 50,000 – Ks 100,000 ………………......….………2

Ks. 100,000 – Ks 200,000…………………...…………3

Over Ks. 200,000 ………………...…………..….………4

Don’t know………………...……………………….………5

Refuse………………...………………………..…….………6

REF: MICS

Migration

42. Did you household live in this

village/ward before Nargis?

Yes……………………..………………………...……….………1

No…………….……..………………..………...……….….……2

REF: PR IV

1�45

43. If no, how many months or years ago

have you moved here? ______ year(s)/______ month(s)


93

44. Since Nargis, how many different

villages have you lived? ____ ____ village(s)

REF: PR IV

45. Do you want to:

� Stay in this village/ward?

� Return to the previous village?

� Move to a new place?

Stay in this village/ward ……………...…….….………1

Return to the previous village………...….….………2

Move to a new place…………………...……….….……3

REF: PR IV

46. At this present time, do you have a

permanent household registration

document?

Yes……………………..………………………...……….………1

No…………………..………………..………...……….….……2

Don’t know……..………………..………...……….….……3

REF: PR IV

47. What is the main language spoken in

this household?

Kachin…………….…..………………………...……….………1

Kayah………………..………………………...……….………..2

Kayin………………………………………..…...……….………3

Chin……………………..……….……………...……….………4

Bamar……………………..………….………...……….………5

Mon……………………..………….…………...……….………6

Rakhine………………………………………...……….………7

Shan……………………..………….…………...……….………8

Other (Specify) ……………………..……...……….………9

REF: PR IV

Questionnaire for Women

Antenatal Care Child’s age ___ year(s) ___ month(s)

This module is to be administered to women who have given birth within the last two years. Please note

down the name of the last child she has given birth. (___________________)

Please use that child’s name for the following interview questions.

48. Do you know that when you are

pregnant, you shoud go to the

health care center?

Yes……………………..………………………...……….………1

No…………………..………………..………...……….….……2

Not sure………………………………………………………..3

49. Whom did you see for antenatal

care?

Probe: Anyone else?

Probe for the type of person seen and

circle all answers given.

Health professional

Doctor...................................................................1

Nurse/midwife......................................................2

Lady Health Visitor/Health Assistant....................3

Other person

Auxiliary midwife...................................................4

Traditional birth attendant.................................5

Community health worker.....................................6

Other (specify) .......................................................7

No one...................................................................8

REF: PR IV

8->54


94

50. How many months pregnant were

you when you first received

antenatal care for this pregnancy?

Months ____

Don’t know …………………………………………….………99

REF: DHS

51. How many times did you receive

antenatal care during this

pregnancy?

Number of times ............................................ ____

Don’t know ...................................................99

REF: MICS

If less than 4

times, skip to

Q. 53.

52. At which pregnancy terms, did you

receive antenatal care?

Yes No

Around 12 weeks.................................1 2

(until 14 weeks)

Around 26 weeks.................................1 2

(15-28 weeks)

Around 32 weeks.................................1 2

(29-34 weeks)

Around 36 weeks.................................1 2

(35 weeks until birth)

53. As part of your antenatal care

during this pregnancy, were any of

the following done at least once:

Was your blood pressure measured?

Were your weight measured?

Was your abdomen examined?

Did you give a urine sample?

Did you give a blood sample?

Did you receive vitamin B1?

Did you receive iron tablets?

Show a sample of Vitamin B1 and iron

tablets.

Yes No

Blood pressure.......................................... 1 2

Weight...................................................... 1 2

Abdomen examination...............................1 2

Urine sample............................................ 1 2

Blood sample............................................. 1 2

Vitamin B1..................................................1 2

Iron tablets.................................................1 2

REF: MICS

54. If antenatal care was not received,

why? (From Q. 49)

Record all the responses.

Not necessary………………………………..…..…..….……1

ANC provider location is too far………...…..…..……2

Cost too much…………………………….….…..…..….……3

No transport………………………………….…...…..….……4

Feel shy……………………………………….……..…..….……5

Others(specify) …………………………..……..…..….……6

REF: KPC

55. How does your family travel to the

nearest health post/clinic?

Walking ………………………………………..…...…..….……1

Canoe…………………………………………….…...…...…..…2

Trishaw………………………………..………….……..….……3

REF: PR IV


95

TICK ALL THAT APPLY

Motor boat…………………………………..…...…...….……4

Tollagyi………………………………..…..…….…….…………5

Motorised vehicle

(car/motorcycle/bus/etc.)............................6

Bicycle………………………………………...…...…....………7

Other (specify) …………………………….…..…..…………8

Don’t know...........................................................9

56. How long does it take for you to

travel to the nearest health

post/clinic ? How far is it?

Please mention the travel time and

distance of the most frequently used

method.

Distance need to be rechecked with

Township health department record.

Number of minutes _______

Distance (km) ________

Don’t know ......................................................999

REF: PR IV

57. During pregnancy, woman may

encounter severe problems or

illnesses and should go or be taken

immediately to a health facility.

What types of symptoms would cause

you to seek immediate care at a health

facility (right away)?

ASK: Anything else?

DO NOT READ RESPONSES. RECORD ALL

THAT ARE MENTIONED.

Vaginal bleeding ……………………..….…...…..…..…….1

Fits/Convulsions………………………..……...…..…..….…2

Severe headaches with blurred vision..…..…………3

Fever and too weak to get out of bed….……...……4

Severe abdominal pain……..…………….….…..….……5

Fast or difficult breathing..….………..…...…..….……6

Other (specify)………………….……….…………..…..……7

Don’t know…………………………………..…...…..…..……8

Ref: KPC

58. When you were pregnant with

(child’s name), did you receive any

injection in the arm or shoulder to

prevent the baby from getting

Tetanus, That is convulsions after

birth?

Yes.......................................................................1

No........................................................................2

Don’t know ........................................................ 3

REF: MICS

No� Q. 60

DK� Q. 60

59. How many times did you receive

these Tetanus injections during your

pregnancy with (child’s name)?

Number of times ........................................... __

Don’t know ........................................................ 8

REF: MICS

If at least 2

times, skip

to next

section

DK� Q. 60


96

60. Did you receive any tetanus

injection at any time before your

pregnancy with (child’s name), either

to protect yourself or another baby?

Yes ...................................................................... 1

No ....................................................................... 2

Don’t know ........................................................ 3

REF: MICS

No� Next

section

DK� Next

section

61. How many times did you receive a

tetanus injection before your


Number of times .............................................. __

Don’t know ........................................................ 8

REF: MICS

62. In what month and year did you

receive the last anti-tetanus

injection before that last

pregnancy?

If cannot recall year, go to no.63. If year

is mentioned, skip to next module.

Month __________

Don’t know month.............................................88

Year ________

Don’t know year................................................99

REF: MICS

DON’T KNOW

YEAR� Q. 63

63. How many years ago did you receive

the last tetanus shot before your


Years ago......................................................__ __

REF: MICS

DELIVERY AND IMMEDIATE NEWBORN CARE Child’s age ___ year(s) ___ months



Please use that name for the following interview questions.

64. Who, if anyone, assisted during

delivery?

–TICK ALL THAT APPLY

Probe: Anyone else?

Probe for the type of person assisting

and circle all answers given.

Health professional

Doctor..................................................................1

Nurse/midwife.....................................................2

Lady Health Visitor/Health Assistant...............3

Other person

Auxiliary midwife..................................................4

Traditional birth attendant...................................5

Community health worker....................................6

Relatives/friends...................................................7

Other (specify) .....................................................8

By self...................................................................9

REF: PR IV


97

65. Where did you give birth to the

(child’s name)?

Probe to identify the location.

If unable to determine whether public or

private, write the name of the place.

_______________________________

(Name of place)

Home

Your home............................................................1

Other home..........................................................2

Public Sector

Government Hospital...........................................3

Government clinic/health centre.........................4

Other public (specify) ..........................................5

Private Medical Sector

Private hospital....................................................6

Private clinic........................................................7

MCWA maternity clinic.......................................8

Private maternity home......................................9

Other (specify) ...................................................10

REF: PRIV

66. During delivery, once contractions

started, woman may encounter

severe problems or illnesses and

should go or be taken immediately to

a health facility.

While having contractions or delivering a

baby, what types of symptoms would

cause you to seek immediate care at a

health facility (right away)?

ASK: Anything else?


THAT ARE MENTIONED.

If waters break and not in labour after 6

hours.............................................................1

Labour pains (contractions) continue for more

than 12 hours................................................2

Heavy bleeding (soaks more than 2 to 3 pads in

15 minutes)...................................................3

Placenta not expelled 1 hour after birth of

baby..............................................................4

Other (specify)....................................................5

Don’t know..........................................................6

REF: KPC

67. How did you deliver (child’s name)? Normal spontaneous vaginal delivery................1

Assisted vaginal delivery ....................................2

Caesarean section..............................................3

1�

next section

2�68

3�70

68. What type of assisted delivery? Vaccum.............................................................. 1

Forceps.............................................................. 2

69. Why do you have to undergo

assisted delivery?

(State all reasons mentioned)

________________________________________

________________________________________

Go to next

section

70. Did you plan to give birth by

caesarean section or was it

because of emergency reasons?

Planned...............................................................1

Emergency..........................................................2


98

POSTPARTUM CARE Child’s age ___ year(s) ___ month(s)



Please use that name for the following interview questions.

71. Sometimes mothers after delivery

have severe illnesses and should be

taken immediately to a health

facility.


you to go to a health facility right away?

ASK: Anything else?


THAT ARE MENTIONED.

Vaginal bleeding has increased……..………………...1

Fits……………. ……………..…………………………………….2

Fast/difficult breathing…...…………..…………………..3

Fever and too weak to get out of bed……………….4

Severe headache with blurred vision .………………5

Other (specify) …………………………………………………6

Don’t know……………………………………………………….7

REF: KPC

72. After (child’s name) was born, did

any health care provider check on

your health?

Yes ...................................................................... 1

No ...................................................................... 2

Don’t know..........................................................3

2� Q. 76

3� Q. 76

73. How long after the birth of (child’s

name) did you receive first check

up?

If within one hour, fill in “00”.

If within 1 to 24 hours, record hours at

after 1 hour.

If less than one week, record days.

Within 1 hour ___ ____........………………………….1

After 1 hour ___ ___ ……………………………….2

Days ___ ___ ……………………………………………3

Weeks ___ ___ ..…………………………………….4

Don’t know …………………………………………………….88

REF: MICS

74. In the 4 to 6 weeks after the birth,

who checked on your health at that

time?


Do not prompt. Circle all that

mentioned.

Health professional

Doctor..................................................................1

Nurse/midwife.....................................................2

Lady Health Visitor/Health Assistant....................3

Other person

Auxiliary midwife.................................................4


Community health worker...................................6

Relative...............................................................7

Other (specify) ....................................................8

Don’t know.........................................................9

REF: PR IV


99

75. How many times did you get post-

natal care visits, within 6 weeks

after delivery?

Number of times ______

Don’t know………………………..…………………….…….88

Ref: DHS

76. After (child’s name) was born, did

any health care provider check on

the baby’s health?

Yes ...................................................................... 1

No ...................................................................... 2

Don’t know..........................................................3

Ref: MICS

2� Q. 80

3� Q. 80

77. How long after the birth of (child’s

name) did the first check up take

place?

If within one hour, fill in “00”.

If within 1 to 24 hours, record hours at

after 1 hour.

If less than one week, record days.

Within 1 hour ____ ___……………………….………….1

After 1 hour ___ ___ ……………………………….2

Days ___ ___ ……………………………………………3

Weeks ___ ___ ..…………………………………….4

Don’t know …………………………………………………….88

Ref: MICS

78. In the 4 to 6 weeks after the birth,

who checked on the baby’s health

at that time?


Do not prompt. Circle all that

mentioned.

Health professional

Doctor..................................................................1

Nurse/midwife.....................................................2

Female Health Visitor/Health Assistant...............3

Other person

Auxiliary midwife.................................................4


Community health worker...................................6

Relative...............................................................7

Other (specify) ....................................................8

Don’t know.........................................................9

Ref: MICS

79. How many times did (child’s name)

receive the check up (postnatal visit

for newborn) within 7 days.

Number of times ______

Don’t know………………………..…………………….…….88

80. In the first one and a half month

after your last birth (child’s name),

did you receive a vitamin A dose like

this?

Show 200,000 IU capsule or dispenser.

Yes ...................................................................... 1

No ...................................................................... 2

Don’t know..........................................................3

Ref: MICS


100

81. Sometimes, newborns, within the

first month of life, have severe

illnesses and should be taken

immediately to a health facility.


you to take your newborn to a health

facility right away?

ASK: Anything else?


THAT ARE MENTIONED.

Difficult breathing.…………………………………….…….1

Fits… ……………………………………………………….……..2

Fever……………………………………………………….………3

Feels cold…………………..…………………………….……..4

Bleeding………..………………………………………….…….5

Stops feeding……………………………………………….….6

Diarrhea………………………………………….………...…7

Other (specify)……………………………………..………....8

Don’t know………………………………………………………9

REF: KPC


101

CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE

THIS MODULE IS TO BE ADMINISTERED TO ALL MOTHERS. NOW WE WOULD LIKE TO ASK YOU ABOUT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH.

YOU MIGHT HAVE SOME DIFFICULTY ANSWERING THESE QUESTIONS BUT IT WOULD BE VERY HELPFUL FOR HEALTH PROJECT. SO

WE WOULD REALLY APPRECIATE IF YOU COULD ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. YOUR ANSWERS WOULD BE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL.

82. I would like to talk with you about another

subject – family planning.

Are you pregnant now?

Yes, currently pregnant ......................... 1

No .......................................................... 2

Unsure or DK ......................................... 8

REF: MICS

2�84

8�84

83. When you got pregnant, did you want to get

pregnant at that time?

Yes ......................................................... 1

No .......................................................... 2

84. Would you like to have another child or

would you prefer not to have any more

child?

Have another child ................................ 1

No more/none ....................................... 2

Cannot get pregnant..............................3

Undecided/don’t know

and pregnant ............................... 4

Undecided/don’t know

and not pregnant or unsure ........ 5

1�NEXT

SECTION

2�85

3� NEXT

SECTION

4� NEXT

SECTION

5�85

85. Couples use various ways or methods to

delay or avoid a pregnancy.

Are you currently doing something or using any

method to delay or avoid getting pregnant?

Yes ......................................................... 1

No .......................................................... 2

REF: MICS

2�NEXT

SECTION

86. What are you doing to delay or avoid a

pregnancy?

Do not prompt.

If more than one method is mentioned, circle

each one.

Female sterilization...............................1

Pill..........................................................2

IUD.........................................................3

Injectables.............................................4

Implants................................................5

Male condom........................................6

Female condom.....................................7

Diaphragm............................................8

Foam / Jelly...........................................9

REF: MICS


102

Lactational amenorrhoea method ......10

Periodic abstinence / Rhythm.............11

Withdrawal..........................................12

Other (specify) ....................................13

Questionnaire for Under-5 Children

This module is to be administered to the mothers with under-5 children except where otherwise

mentioned. All under-5 children will be included in the interview and each questionnaire set is to be used

for each child.

UF1. Child name ___________________ UF2. Mother name ________________

UF3. Village Tract name __________________ UF4. Village name __________________

87. Child’s birth date _____ / _____ / _____

(Day/Month/Year)

88. How old is the child? ____ Year(s)/ _______ Month(s)

89. Sex Female .........................................................1

Male.............................................................2

BREASTFEEDING Child’s age ___ year(s) ___ month(s)

90. Did you ever breastfeed (child’s

name)?

Yes ..................................................................... 1

No ...................................................................... 2

Don’t know.......................................................3

2�Q. 93 3�Q. 93

91. How long after birth did you first put

(child’s name) to the breast?

If less than 1 hour, record ‘00’ hours.

If less than 24 hours, record hours.

Otherwise, record days.

Immediately..............................................000

Hours................................................... __ __

Days..................................................... __ __

Don’t know / remember......................999

REF: MICS

92. Is he/she still being breastfeed? Yes ................................................................... 1

REF: MICS


103

No....................................................................2

Don’t know.......................................................3

93. Since this time yesterday, did he/she

receive any of the following?

Read each item aloud and record

response before proceeding to next

item.

1. Vitamin, mineral supplements or

medicine?

2. Plain water?

3. Sweetened, flavoured water or fruit

juice or tea or infusion?

4. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) ?

5. Infant formula?

6. Tinned, powdered or fresh milk?

7. Any other liquids?

8. Solid or semi-solid food?

Y N DK

Vitamin supplements .. .......................1 2 8

Plain water ...................... ....................1 2 8

Sweetened water or juice .................. 1 2 8

ORS ..................................................... 1 2 8

Infant formula ..................................... 1 2 8

Milk ..................................................... 1 2 8

Other liquids ....................................... 1 2 8

Solid or semi-solid food ...................... 1 2 8

REF: MICS

If the child

receives

solid or

semi-solid

food,

continue to

94.

If not, skip

to 95.

94. Since this time yesterday, how many

times did (child’s name) eat solid,

semi-solid or soft foods other than

liquids?

If 7 or more times, record ‘7’.

No. Of times _______________

Don’t know ...................................................88

Ref: MICS

PLEASE ASK QUESTIONS 95 AND 96 TO THE MOTHER ONLY ONCE.

95. How long should a baby be exclusively

breastfed?

__ __ month(s)

Don’t know....................................................88

REF: KPC

96. What are the benefits of

breastfeeding?

DO NOT READ RESPONSES.

Record all multiple responses.

Nutritional Benefits……………………………………….1

Immune system benefits……………………………….2

Promote uterine involution……………………………3

Birth spacing………………………………………………….4

Bonding with child…………………………………………5

Cost saving…………………………………………………….6

Reduce occurrence of diarrhea……………………..7

Reduce risk of ovary and breast cancer…………8

Other (specify)………………………………………………9

Don’t know……………………………………………………10

REF: KPC


104

IMMUNIZATION Child’s age ___ year(s) ___ month(s)

If the child has immunization card or record, use the immunization dates from the card to fill out the

following questions. If no record, please ask questions from 99 to 102.

97. Do you have a card where (child’s name)’s

vaccinations are written down?

(IF YES) May I see it please?

Yes, seen........................................................1

Yes, not seen..................................................2

No card..........................................................3

2�99

3�99

98. Copy dates for each vaccination from the

card.

Write ‘44’ in day column if card shows that

vaccination was given but no date recorded.

Date of Immunization

Day Month Year

(A)DPT1

(B) DPT2

(C) DPT 3

(D) Measles 1

99. Has (NAME) ever received any vaccinations

to prevent him/her from getting diseases,

including vaccinations received in a

campaign or immunization day?

Yes ................................................................. 1

No.................................................................2

Don’t know....................................................3

Ref: MICS

No �Next

section

DK �Next

section

100. Has (NAME) ever received a DPT

vaccination – that is, an injection in the

thigh at the age of one and a half, two

and a half, and three and a half months–

to prevent him/her from getting tetanus,

whooping cough, or diphtheria?

PROBE BY INDICATING THAT DPT VACCINATION IS

SOMETIMES GIVEN AT THE SAME TIME AS POLIO

Yes ................................................................. 1

No.................................................................2

Don’t know....................................................3

Ref: MICS

No�

Q.102

DK�

Q.102

101. How many times was a DPT vaccine

received?

Number of times ....................................... ___

Don’t know...................................................8

Ref: MICS

102. Has (NAME) ever received a Measles

injection or an MMR injection – that is, a

shot in the arm at the age of 9 months or

older - to prevent him/her from getting

measles?

Yes ................................................................. 1

No.................................................................2

Don’t know....................................................3

Ref: MICS


105

Vitamin A module Child’s age ___ year(s) ___ month(s)

This module is to be administered to the mothers with children between 6 months-5 year old. Each

questionnaire set is to be used for each child.

103. Did (child’s name) receive Vitamin A

dose like this one?

Show capsule or dispenser for different doses

100,000 IU for those 6-11 months old,

200,000 IU for those 12-59 months old.

Yes ................................................................. 1

No.................................................................2

Don’t know....................................................3

REF: MICS

2�Next

section

3�Next

section

104. How many months ago did (name) take

the last dose?

Months ago ___ ____

Don’t know..................................................99

Ref: MICS

105. Where did (name) get the last dose? Regular distribution by health staff...............1

Sick child visit to health facility.....................2

National immunization Day Campaign..........3

Other (specify) ..............................................4

Don’t know....................................................5

Ref: MICS

Care of Illness Child’s age ___ year(s) ___ month(s)

106. In the last two weeks, has (child’s

name) had diarrhea?

Having diarrhea means counting from

today until the last 13 days, passing

watery stool or stool with blood 3 times

or more than 3 times a day.

Yes ................................................................. 1

No.................................................................2

Don’t know....................................................3

REF: MICS

2 �Q. 110

3 �Q. 110

107. How much was given to the child to

drink during diarrhea (including breast

milk)?

Was he/she given less than usual to drink,

about the same amount, or more than

usual?

Much less or none.........................................1

About the same (or somewhat less)............2

More.............................................................3

Don’t know....................................................4

REF: MICS

108. Was he/she given less than usual to

eat, about the same amount, more than

usual or nothing to eat?

Never gave food............................................1

Stopped food.................................................2

Much less......................................................3

Somewhat less..............................................4

About the same............................................5

More.............................................................6

Don’t know...................................................7

REF: MICS


106

109. When (name of child) had diarrhea,

did you give the child anything?

PROMPT AND RECORD ALL MULTIPLE

RESPONSES.

AFTER EACH RESPONSE, ASK: ANYTHING

ELSE?

ORS sachet ………………………………………………..1

Sugar-salt solution …………………………………….2

Cereal based ORT

(rice water, maize water) ………………….…3

Zinc Tablets……………………………………………….4

Breast milk ……………………………………………….5

Water ……………………………………………………….6

Tea, coffee, soft drinks, etc………………………..7

Medication for diarrhea ……………………………8

Take child to the hospital/clinic ………………..9

Take child to quack or traditional healer…10

Other (specify) …………………………………………11

Nothing…………………………………………………….12

REF: KPC

PLEASE ASK QUESTION 110 TO THE MOTHER ONLY ONCE.

110. What are the danger signs of diarrhea

in children?

RECORD ALL MULTIPLE RESPONSES.

Lethargic or unconscious …………………..……..1

Unable to drink or drink poorly ..……………….2

Sunken eyes and

sunken soft spot in babies………………….…3

Inelastic skin (take time to return to normal

after pinching)…………………….………………….4

Blood in stool…………………………………………….5

Vomiting……………………………………….……………6

Other…………………………………………………………7

Don’t know………………………………………………..8

REF: KPC

111. At any time in the last two weeks, has

the child had an illness with cough and

fast or difficult breathing?

Yes ................................................................. 1

No.................................................................2

Don’t know....................................................3

Ref: MICS

No �Q. 117

DK �Q. 117

112. Was the fast or difficult breathing

due to a problem in the chest or a

blocked or runny nose?

Problem in chest only…………………………………1

Blocked or runny nose only………………………..2

Both…………………………………………………………..3

Other (specify)…………………………………………..4

Don’t know………………………………………………..5

Ref: MICS

2 � Q. 117

4 � Q. 117

113. Did you seek treatment for your child?

Yes ................................................................. 1

No.................................................................2

Don’t know....................................................3

Ref: MICS

2 � Q. 117

3 �Q. 117


107

114. From whom did you seek treatment

when (name of child) had difficulty in

breathing?

DO NOT PROMPT.

MULTIPLE RESPONSES POSSIBLE.

If source is hospital, health center, or clinic,

write the name of the place below. Probe

to identify the type of source and circle the

appropriate code.

(Name of place)

Public sector

Govt. Hospital............................................1

Govt. health centre (RHC) ......................... 2

Govt. health post (Sub-centre) ................. 3

Village health worker ................................ 4

Mobile / Outreach clinic ........................... 5

UHC/MCH centre ....................................... 6

Traditional medicine clinic ........................ 7

Other public (specify) ................................ 8

Private medical sector

Private hospital ........................................ 9

Private physician ..................................... 10

Private pharmacy ................................... 11

Mobile clinic ........................................... 12

Traditional medicine clinic ...................... 13

Other private medical (specify)................14

Other source

Relative / Friend ...................................... 15

Betal quid shop .................................... ..16

Other (specify) .........................................17

Ref: MICS

115. Did you receive any medication for

the child?

Yes………………………………………………………..1

No…………………………………………………………2

Don’t know……………………………………………3

Ref: MICS

2 � Q. 117

3 �Q. 117

116. What medicine was the child given?

Probe:

Any other medicine?

Circle all medicines given.

Antibiotic (e.g. ceptrin, amoxicillin) …………..1

Paracetamol/ panadol……………………………….2

Cough tablets/syrup………………………………….3

Vitamins/ tonic………………………………………….4

Other (specify) …………………………………………5

Don’t know……………………………………………….6

REF: MICS

PLEASE ASK QUESTION 117 AND 118 TO THE MOTHER ONLY ONCE.

117. What are the signs of severe acute

respiratory infection in children?

RECORD ALL MULTIPLE RESPONSES.

Rapid or difficult breathing…………………………1

High fever………………………………………………….2

Intrusion of sternum and ribs…………………….3

Whistling sound while breathing……………….4

Other (specify)…………………………………………..5

Don’t know……………………………………………….6

REF: KPC

118. What are the danger signs in children

which prompt you to seek care

immediately?

Child not able to drink or breastfeed………….1

Child becomes sicker………………………………….2

Child develops a fever………………………………..3

Child has fast breathing……………………………..4

Ref: MICS


108

Keep asking for more signs or symptoms

until the mother cannot recall any

additional symptoms. Circle all symptoms

mentioned. But do NOT prompt with any

suggestions.

Child has difficulty breathing………………………5

Child has convulsions…………………………………6

Child has blood in stool………………………………7

Child is eating or drinking poorly………………..8

Other (Specify) ………………………………………….9

Growth monitoring And child anthropometry Child’s age ___ year(s) ___ month(s)

All under-5 children will be included to assess anthropometry and each questionnaire set is to be used for

each child.

119. Does (child’s name) have a growth

monitoring chart?

ASK THE MOTHER TO SEE THE CARD.

Yes (card seen) ................................... ...........1

Yes (card not seen) ........................................ 2

No .................................................................. 3

Don’t know.....................................................8

Ref: MICS

2 �Q. 121

3 �Q. 121

DK �

Q.121

120. Look at the growth monitoring card of

the child and record the following

information:

Has the child been weighed in the last 4

months?

Yes ................................................................. 1

No .................................................................. 2

Ref: MICS

121. Check the child’s age from question 88

and fill in the appropriate place. Take

the child’s measurements and record

the necessary information in the spaces

below. If the mother refuses permission

to measure the child, record in Result as

‘refused’.

If under 2 years old, measure length (lying

down)

Weight _______ kg

Height _________ cm (standing up)

Height _________ cm (lying down)

Ref: MICS

122. Has the child receive medicine for de-

worming in the last 6 months?

Yes ................................................................. 1

No........................................ .......................... 2

DK...................................................................3

Ref: MICS

Result Completed..................................................1

Child not home............................................2

Refuse..........................................................3

Other(specify) ________________________4

Please check the number of eligible women and under-5 children at home against the number of

interviews completed. If every eligible women and children have been interviewed, thank the respondent

and proceed to the next house.


109

Annex- 3 Questionnaire in Myanmar

ကြနေတာ၊ ကၽြနမတ႕ဟာဒ ________ တငး/ျပညနယအတြငးမာေနထငတၿမ႕နယကနးမာေရးဌာနမ ကနးမာေရး

၀နထမးမား၊ ေစတနာ၀နထမးကနးမာေရးလပသားမား ႏင ......................... အငဂအအဖြ႕အစညးမ ၀နထမးမားျဖစပါတယ။ဒအမေထာငစမာရတမခငႏငကေလးမားရ႕ကနးမာေရးအတြကေမးခြနမားေမးျမနးခြငျပပါ။ေမးခြနး မားေမးရနအတြက ၄၅ မနစခန႕ ၾကာမညျဖစၿပး ေျဖၾကားေပးတအေျဖမားကလညးမေပါကၾကားေအာငထနးသမးထားပါမယ။ ယခေမးျမနးမည ေမးခြနးမားအားလးကေသာလညးေကာငး၊ အခ႕ကေသာလညးေကာငး မေျဖဆလက မေျဖဆဘ ေနႏငပါ တယ။ ေမးခြနးမား ေမးျမနးရနခြငျပပါက ခြငျပခကရယသည စာရြကေပၚတြင သေဘာတေၾကာငးအမတအသားျပေပးပါ။ ေမးခြနးစတငေမးရနခြငျပပါသလား?

ခြငျပသည ခြငျပခကရယသညစာရြကေပၚတြငအမတအသားျပေစ၍ ေမးခြနးမားစတငပါ။ ခြငမျပပါ WM7 ကျဖည၍ ရလဒက ၾကးၾကပသႏငေဆြးေႏြးပါ။

WM7. ေမးခြနးလႊာေမးျမနးၿပးစးမႈ ျပညစစြာၿပးစး.……………………………………………… 1

အမတြငလမရ………………………………………………. 2 ျငငးဆန……………………………………………………… 3 တစပငးတစစၿပးစး…………………………………………. 4 ေျဖဆႏငစြမးမရ……..…………………………………….. 5 အမရာမေတြ႕၊ပကစး.…………………………………….. 6 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)…….………………………. 7

WM8. ႀကးၾကပသအမညႏငကတနပါတ အမည _______________________ ___ ___

WM9. စာရငးသြငးသအမညႏငကတနပါတ အမည __________________________ ___ ___

ေျဖဆရနအကးေျဖဆရနအကးေျဖဆရနအကးေျဖဆရနအကး၀၀၀၀ငသအမးသမးႏငသကဆငေသာငသအမးသမးႏငသကဆငေသာငသအမးသမးႏငသကဆငေသာငသအမးသမးႏငသကဆငေသာ အခကအလကမားအခကအလကမားအခကအလကမားအခကအလကမား

ဤေမာဂးရေမးခြနးမားက အသက ၅ ႏစေအာကကေလးရေသာ မခငမားကအားလးကေမးျမနးရနျဖစပါသည။ အမးသမး တစဥးအတြက ေမးခြနးလႊာတစက အသးျပရနျဖစသည။ WM1. ေမးခြနးလႊာေျဖဆသနပါတ ___ ___ ___

WM2. အမေထာငစအမတ ___ ___

WM3. စာရငးေကာကသအမညႏငကတနပါတ ________________________ ___ ___

WM4. ေမးျမနးသညရက/ လ/ ႏစ

___ ___ / ___ ___ / ___ ___ ___ ___ WM5. ေကးရြာအပစအမည ______________________

WM6. ၿမ႕၊ရြာအမည __________________________

BASELINE AND FOLLOW UP POPULATION BASED MCH SURVEY ေမးခြနးလႊာေမးခြနးလႊာေမးခြနးလႊာေမးခြနးလႊာ


110

ေျဖဆသအမးသမးႏငသကဆငေသာအခကအလကမားေျဖဆသအမးသမးႏငသကဆငေသာအခကအလကမားေျဖဆသအမးသမးႏငသကဆငေသာအခကအလကမားေျဖဆသအမးသမးႏငသကဆငေသာအခကအလကမား

1. သငအသကဘယႏစႏစရျပလ။ ျပညၿပးအသက ___ ___ ႏစ

2. အမေထာငေရးအေျခအေန အမေထာငရ………………………………………… 1 မဆးမ.………………………..……………………… 2 ကြကြာ..………………………………………………. 3 ကြာရငး……….………………………………………. 4 အျခား (ေဖာျပပါ)..………………………………… 5

3. အျမငဆးဘယအတနးတကဖးသလ။ ေကာငးမေနဘး……………………………………. 1 မလတနး……………………………….……………. 2 အလယတနး၊အထကတနး…………………….. 3 ေကာလပ/တကသလ…………………………….. 4 ျပငပစာသငေကာငး………………….……………. 5

Ref: MICS

4. အတေနအမသားဘယႏစေယာကရပါသလ? (လႀကးႏငကေလးအပါအ၀င)

_____ _____ ေယာက

5. ယခငကယ၀နေဆာငဖးေသာရာဇ၀င

ကယ၀နေဆာငသညအၾကမ _________ ကေလးေမြးဖးသညအၾကမ _________ ကေလးပကကဖးသညအႀကမ _________

6. အသကရငေနထငေသာကေလး အေရအတြက (အတေန၊ အတမေန အပါအ၀င)

____ _____

7. ေမြးဖြားျပး ေသဆးသြားေသာ သားသမး (ေခတအသကရငခသမား အပါအ၀င) ရဖးပါသလား?

ရ……………………………….…………………………………1 မရ………………………………………………………………..2

(ေမးခြနး ၉ သ႔ေမးပါ။)

8. ေသဆးသြားေသာကေလးဘယႏစ ေယာကရပါသလ?

____ _____

9. စစေပါငးသားသမးအေရအတြက ေမးခြနး ၆ ႏင 8 ေပါငး လကေသာအခါ စစေပါငး သားသမးအေရအတြကရ မညျဖစသည။

_____ _______

ဤကဏာနးအားမခငအားျပနလည ေမး၍စစေဆးပါ။ မတကဆငပါက ေမးခြနး ၅ မစ၍ျပနေမးပါ။

10. လြနခေသာႏစႏစအတြငး သငကေလး အရငေမြးဖြားခပါ သလား?

ေမြးဖြားခ.…………………….…………………………………1 မေမြးဖြားခ.……………………………………………………..2

11. ၅ ႏစေအာက ကေလး အေရအတြက

_____ _______


111

သငေမြးဖြားခေသာ ၅ႏစေအာကအတြငးရကေလးမားအေၾကာငးေမးျမနးလပါသည။ ေမြးဖြားသည ကေလးမား အသကရငလက ရ၊မရက ေမးခြနး ၁၂တြင ပထမေမြးဖြားခသည ကေလးမစ၍ ၾကးစဥငယလကေဖာျပပါ။ စာရငးေကာကမ ပထမဥးစြာမခငေဖာျပသည ကေလးမား၏ အမညမားက ေမးခြနး ၁၂ မစ၍ေရးသြငးပါ။ ထ႔ေနာကေမးခြနး ၁၃ မ ၁၉ အထ ကေလးတစဥးခငးစအလကေမးပါ။ အမႊာကေလးမားက တစဥးစသးျခားအကြကမားတြငေရးသြငးပါ။ကေလးအေရအတြကသညေပးထားေသာအကြကထကပေနပါက သးျခားေမးခြနးလႊာတြငေရးသြငးပါ။

၁၂. ကေလးအမည

၁၃. တစဥးခငး (သ႔) အမႊာေမး ခပါသလား?

၁၄. ေယာကား (သ႔) မနးကေလး

၁၅. ေမြးဖြားခသည ခႏစ ႏင လ

၁၆. အသကရငလက ရ၊မရ

၁၇. ေသဆးစဥ အသက**

၁၈. ျပညျပးအသက

၁၉. အသက ရငလကရပါ က၊ သငႏငအတ ေနထငပါ သလား?

၁. တစဥးခငး….1 အမႊာ………..2

ကား………1 မ…………..2

လ _____ ခႏစ ______

ရ……1 (ေမးခြနး ၁၈ သ႕သြား) မရ….2

ရကေပါငး ____ လေပါငး _____ ႏစေပါငး______

____ ____ (ႏစ)

ေန………1 မေန…….2

၂. တစဥးခငး….1 အမႊာ………..2

ကား………1 မ…………..2

လ _____ ခႏစ ______



____ ____ (ႏစ)

ေန………1 မေန…….2

၃. တစဥးခငး….1 အမႊာ………..2

ကား………1 မ…………..2

လ _____ ခႏစ ______



____ ____ (ႏစ)

ေန………1 မေန…….2

၄. တစဥးခငး….1 အမႊာ………..2

ကား………1 မ…………..2

လ _____ ခႏစ ______



____ ____ (ႏစ)

ေန………1 မေန…….2

၅. တစဥးခငး….1 အမႊာ………..2

ကား………1 မ…………..2

လ _____ ခႏစ ______



____ ____ (ႏစ)

ေန………1 မေန…….2

၆. တစဥးခငး….1 အမႊာ………..2

ကား………1 မ…………..2

လ _____ ခႏစ ______



____ ____ (ႏစ)

ေန………1 မေန…….2

မတခက- ေမးခြနးနပါတ၁၁မကေလးအေရအတြကႏင ေမးခြနး ၁၂ေအာကတြင ေဖာျပထားေသာ ကေလးအေရအတြကတညရမညျဖစသည။ မတညပါက ျပနလညေမးျမနးအတညျပပါ။

**ေသဆးစဥအသက တစလေအာကျဖစလင ရကေပါငး၊ ႏစႏစေအာကျဖစလင လေပါငး၊ ႏစႏစအထကျဖစလင ႏစေပါငး ေရးသြငးပါ။


112

အမေထာငစႏငဆငေသာအမေထာငစႏငဆငေသာအမေထာငစႏငဆငေသာအမေထာငစႏငဆငေသာ သတငးအခကအလကသတငးအခကအလကသတငးအခကအလကသတငးအခကအလက

အမေအမေအမေအမေမာဂးမာဂးမာဂးမာဂး

20. ယခလကရသငမသားစအတြကအဓကအသကေမြး၀မးေၾကာငးမားကေဖာျပပါ။

ငါးဖမးျခငးလပငနး (ကယပင)………………………………. 1 သးႏမားထတလပျခငး (ကယပင)………………………… 2 ေမြးျမေရးထတလပမႈလပငနး (၀က၊ၾကကစသျဖင) (ကယပငလပငနး)…………………………………………….. 3 စးပြားျဖစေရလပငနး (ပစြန၊ဂဏာနးစသျဖင ေမြးျမထပလပ)………………………………………………… 4 အစးရ၀နထမး………………………………………………….. 5 ကနေရာငးကန၀ယ၊ေစးဆငထင၊ပြစား…………………. 6 ကယပငလပငနး၊လကမႈပညာ၊အတတပညာ………….. 7 ရာသအလကလယယာစကပးေရးသမား…………………. 8 ရာသအလကေမြးျမေရးသမား……………………………… 9 အျခား (တကစြာေဖာျပ)……………………………………… 10

Ref: PR IV

21. ဒအမမာအပခနးဘယႏစခနးရသလ။ အပခနးအေရအတြကစစေပါငး…………….………….___ ___

Ref: MICS

22. သငတ႕အမ၏ၾကမးခငးကဘာန႔ အဓကလပထားသလ။

(စာရငးေကာကမေတြ႕ရသညအတငးသကဆငရာကတနပါတက၀ငးပါ။)

ၾကမးခငးကမးခငးကမးခငးကမးခငး သဘာသဘာသဘာသဘာ၀၀၀၀အခငးအခငးအခငးအခငး ေျမႀကး/ရႊ႕……………………………….………………….…… 1 သ………………………………………….……………………… 2 ေရးရးအခငးေရးရးအခငးေရးရးအခငးေရးရးအခငး ပဥခငး……………………………………….…………………… 3 ၀ါးၾကမးခငး…………………………….….……………………. 4 ေခတေပၚအခငးေခတေပၚအခငးေခတေပၚအခငးေခတေပၚအခငး ပါေကး/ရာထးအခငး………………………………………….. 5 ေကာကျပား/ေၾကြျပားအခငး……………….……………….. 6 သမတလငးအခငး………………………………................ 7 ေကာေဇာအခငး………………………………………………… 8 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)___________________ 9

Ref: MICS

23. သငတ႔အမ၏အမးကဘာန႔အဓကလပထားသလ။

(စာရငးေကာကမေတြ႕ရသညအတငး သကဆငရာကတနပါတက၀ငးပါ။)

အမးအမးအမးအမး သဘာသဘာသဘာသဘာ၀၀၀၀အမးအမးအမးအမး အမးမရ…………………………………….……………………. 1 ေကာကရး/ထနးလက……………………..………………… 2 ေရးရးအမးေရးရးအမးေရးရးအမးေရးရးအမး ဓန/သကကယ/အငဖက………………….…………………. 3 ၀ါးကတ………………………………………………………….. 4

Ref: MICS


113

သစသား/ပဥခပ……………………………………………….. 5 ေခတေပၚအမးေခတေပၚအမးေခတေပၚအမးေခတေပၚအမး သြပ……………………………………………………………….. 6 ဘလပေျမစလက………………………….………………….. 7 အတကၽြတ…………………………………..…………………. 8 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)___________________ 9

24. သငတ႔အမ၏အကာကဘာန႔အဓက လပထားသလ။

(စာရငးေကာကမေတြ႕ရသညအတငး သကဆငရာကတနပါတက၀ငးပါ။)

အကာအကာအကာအကာ သဘာသဘာသဘာသဘာ၀၀၀၀အကာအကာအကာအကာ အကာအရမရ…………………………………..………………. 1 သစရြက/ သစခက/ ေကာကရး………….…………….…… 2 ရႊ႕……………………………………………….………………… 3 ေရးရးအကာေရးရးအကာေရးရးအကာေရးရးအကာ ၀ါး/ဓန/သကကယ/ေတာငထမး/အငဖက……………….. 4 သစသား/ပဥ…………………………………………………… 5 ေခတေပၚအကာေခတေပၚအကာေခတေပၚအကာေခတေပၚအကာ အဂၤေတနရ……………………………………………………… 6 မးသငးအတစ…………………………………………………… 7 ေကာကတးနရ………………………………………………….8 သစအေခာထည………………………………………………. 9 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)___________________ 10

Ref: MICS

25. သငအမတြငခကျပတရနမညသည ေလာငစာကအဓကအသးျပပါသလ။

လပစစမး………………………………..……………………… 1 ဓာတေငြ႕ရည…………………………….…………………….. 2 သဘာ၀ဓာတေငြ႕……………………………………………….3 ဇ၀ဓာတေငြ႕……………………………..……………………… 4 ေရနဆ……………………………………..……………………. 5 ေကာကမးေသြး…………………………..……………………. 6 ထငးမးေသြး…………………………………………………….. 7 သစသား/ထငး…………………………….…………………… 8 ျမက/ျခပတ/ေကာကရး………………………………………. 9 ႏြားေခး/ကၽြေခး……………………………..…………………. 10 ေကာကပသးႏအခြ(ဥပမာ- စပါးခြ)…………………………. 11 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)___________________ 12

(28သ႕ ေမးပါ) (28 သ႕ ေမးပါ) (28 သ႕ ေမးပါ) (28 သ႕ေမးပါ) Ref: MICS

26. သငတ႕အမတြငအစားအေသာကမား ခက ျပတရာတြင ရးရးမးဖျဖင ခကျပတသလား (သ႔) တစဖကပြင မးဖျဖငခကျပတသလား (သ႔) အလပတထားေသာမးဖျဖငခကျပတ

ရးရးမးဖျဖငခကျပတ…………………………………………. 1 တစဖကပြငမးဖျဖငခကျပတ……………………………….. 2 အလပတထားေသာမးဖျဖငခကျပတ………..…………… 3 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)___________________ 4

Ref: MICS (28 သ႕ေမးပါ) (28 သ႕ေမးပါ)


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ပါသလား။ 27. မးဖတြငမးခးေခါငးတငရပါသလား။ ရ…………………………………………………………………… 1

မရ………………………………………………………………….2 Ref: MICS

28. သငတ႔အမတြငအစားအေသာကမားက အမတြငး (သ႔) သးျခားအေဆာကအဥး (သ႔) အမအျပငမာခကျပတပါသလား။

အမထမာခကျပတ…………………………….……………… 1 သးျခားအေဆာကအဥးမာခကျပတ……………………….. 2 အမအျပင/ျခထမာခကျပတ………………...……………… 3 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)___________________ 4

Ref: MICS

29. သငအမတြငေအာကပါတ႕ရပါသလား။ ရ မရ လပစစမး………………..……………………………….. 1 2 ေရဒယ…………………………………………………….. 1 2 တယလဗးရငး…………..……………………..……….. 1 2 VCD/DVD………………………………………………….1 2 လကကငဖနး……………………………………..…….. 1 2 ႀကးဖနး………………………………….……………….. 1 2 ေရခေသတာ…………….……………………..……….. 1 2 အျခား.........…………….……………………..……….. 1 2

Ref: MICS

30. သငအမမအမသားတစဥးဥးေအာကပါတ႔ကပငဆငပါသလား။

ပငဆငမပငဆင လကပတနာရ…………………………………….…… 1 2 စကဘး………………………………………….……… 1 2 ေမာေတာဆငကယ………….………………….…… 1 2 လညး/ေလ………………………………………..…… 1 2 ဆလြနးကား၊ကနကား၊လယထြနစက……………. 1 2 ေမာေတာဘတ/ပေထာင/ေထာလာဂ…………… 1 2 အျခား……………………………………….…………… 1 2

Ref: MICS


115

ေရႏငမလာေမာဂးေရႏငမလာေမာဂးေရႏငမလာေမာဂးေရႏငမလာေမာဂး

31. သငအမသားမားအတြကေသာကေရက အဓကဘယကရပါသလ။

(ေသာကေရအတြကအဓကရေသာေနရာတစမးကသာေမး၍၀ငးပါ။)

ပကလငးမရေသာေရပကလငးမရေသာေရပကလငးမရေသာေရပကလငးမရေသာေရ အမတြငးသ႕သြယထားေသာေရပက………………….. 1 ျခ၀ငးအတြငးသ႕သြယထားေသာေရပက…………….. 2 အမားသးေရဘဘင………………………………………. 3

အ၀စတြငးေရ………………………………………………….. 4 တြငးေရတြငးေရတြငးေရတြငးေရ////ကနေရမားကနေရမားကနေရမားကနေရမား

အကာအရရေသာတြငးေရ၊ကနေရ……………………. 5 အကာအရမရေသာတြငးေရ၊ကနေရ………………….. 6

စမစမးေရမားစမစမးေရမားစမစမးေရမားစမစမးေရမား အကာအရရေသာစမစမးေရ…………………………….. 7 အကာအရမရေသာစမစမးေရ…………………………… 8

ဖးအပထားေသာမးေရ…………………………………………9 ေသာကေရကားမေရ…………………………………………. 10 ေသာကေရစညလညးမေရ…………………………………..11 ေျမေပၚေရေျမေပၚေရေျမေပၚေရေျမေပၚေရ ျမစေရ၊ေခာငးေရ၊ဆညေရ၊တးေျမာငးေရ ေရသြယေျမာငးမေရ…………………………………………..12 ေသာကေရသန႕……………………………………………….13 အျခား (တတကကေဖာျပပါ)……………………………….14

Ref: MICS (35 သ႕ေမးပါ) (35 သ႕ေမးပါ) (33 သ႕ေမးပါ) (33 သ႕ေမးပါ)

32. သငအမေထာငစအတြကသးေရ (ခကျပတ၊ ေလာဖြတရနေရ) က အဓက ဘယကရသလ။

(သးေရအတြကအဓကရေသာေနရာ တစမးကသာေမး၍၀ငးပါ။)

ပကလငးမရေသာေရပကလငးမရေသာေရပကလငးမရေသာေရပကလငးမရေသာေရ အမတြငးသ႕သြယထားေသာေရပက………………….. 1 ျခ၀ငးအတြငးသ႕သြယထားေသာေရပက…………….. 2 အမားသးေရဘဘင………………………………………. 3

အ၀စတြငးေရ………………………………………………….. 4 တြငးေရတြငးေရတြငးေရတြငးေရ////ကနေရမားကနေရမားကနေရမားကနေရမား

အကာအရရေသာတြငးေရ၊ကနေရ……………………. 5 အကာအရမရေသာတြငးေရ၊ကနေရ………………….. 6

စမစမးေရမားစမစမးေရမားစမစမးေရမားစမစမးေရမား အကာအရရေသာစမစမးေရ…………………………….. 7 အကာအရမရေသာစမစမးေရ…………………………… 8

ဖးအပထားေသာမးေရ………………………………………….9 ေသာကေရကားမေရ………………………………………….. 10 ေသာကေရစညလညးမေရ…………………………………..11 ေျမေပၚေရေျမေပၚေရေျမေပၚေရေျမေပၚေရ ျမစေရ၊ေခာငးေရ၊ဆညေရ၊တးေျမာငးေရ ေရသြယေျမာငးမေရ…………………………………………12 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)………………………………13

(35 သ႕ေမးပါ) (35 သ႕ေမးပါ) Ref: MICS


116

33. ေရရရရာေနရာသ႕သြားေရာကေရခပရန အတြကအသြားအျပနတစေခါကလင အခနဘယေလာကၾကာသလ။

မနစေပါငး……………………………………………..__ __ __ ေနအမတြငေရရရ (သြားရနမလ)………………..……995 မသ………………………………………………………..…996

Ref: MICS (35သ႕ေမးပါ)

34. အမေထာငစအတြကေရရရရနမညသက ေရရရရာေနရာသ႕မားေသာအားျဖငသြား ေရာကေရခပေလရပါသလ။(ေရသြားခပသ သညေယာကား(သ႔) မနးမ အသက (၁၅)ႏစေအာက(သ႔)၁၅ႏစ အထက စ သညကေသခာစြာ ေမး၍ အေျဖက ၀ငးပါ။

(၁၅)ႏစအထကအမးသမး…………………………….…… 1 (၁၅)ႏစအထကအမးသား…………………………………. 2 (၁၅)ႏစေအာကမနးကေလး……………………………….. 3 (၁၅)ႏစေအာကေယာကားေလး………………………….. 4 မသ………………………………………………………………. 5

Ref: MICS

35. ေသာကေရအားမေသာကမသန႕ရငးေစ ရနျပျပငမႈတစခခလပေဆာငေလရ သ လား။

လပပါသည…………………………………………………….1 မလပပါ………………………………………………………….2 မသ………………………………………………………………3

(37 သ႕ေမးပါ) (37သ႕ေမးပါ)

36. ဘယလျပျပငမႈမးလပေဆာငေလရ သလ။ (ေမးခြနးတြငေဖာျပထားေသာျပျပငမႈမားကတစခစဖတျပ၍ေျဖဆသမ၀ငးပါ။)

ဆေအာငႀကခကျခငး………………………………………... 1 ကလရငးေဆးခပျခငး………………………………………... 2 အ၀တျဖငေရစစျခငး………………………………………….. 3 ေရစစကန(ေကာကစလစ၊သ၊စသညတ႕ျဖငေဆာကထားေသာကန)ျဖငစစျခငး………………………… 4 ေနေရာငျပျခငး…………………………………………………. 5 အးတြငထည၍အနယထငေစျခငး……………………….… 6 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)……………………………….. 7 မသ……………………………………….……………………. 8

Ref: MICS

37. သင၏အမတြငအမသားမားမစငစြန႕ရန ဘယလအမသာမးသးစြပါသလ။ (လအပပါကစာရငးေကာကမခြငေတာငး ၿပးအမသာကကယတငၾကညရႈပါ။)

ေရေလာငး/ေရဆြအမသာ မလာပကလငးစနစ………………………………..…………. 1 မလာကန၊ေရေလာငး/ေရဆြအမသာ………….…………. 2 အျခားေရေလာငးအမသာ……………………………………. 3 (ဥပမာ- ျမစ၊ေခာငး၊အငထေရေလာငးခ) အန႔ထတျပြနတပထားေသာတြငးအမသာ……..…………. 4 ဖးအပထားေသာတြငးအမသာ………………….…………. 5 ဖးအပမထားေသာတြငးအမသာ………………..…………. 6 ေျမေဆြးကငးအမသာ…………………………….…………. 7 မလာပးသးအမသာ……………………………………………. 8 ေခာငးကမးပါး/ ျမစကမးပါးရအမသာ……….……………..9 အမသာမရ/ ျခတး/ လယကြငးထသြား………..…………10 အျခား (တတကကေဖာျပပါ)………………………………11

Ref: MICS (ေနာကေမာဂးသ႕ေမးပါ)

38. အမသာ ကသငတ႕အမေထာငစ ႏင အျခားအမေထာငစမားအတတကြေ၀မ သးစြေနပါသလား။

ေ၀မသးစြရ……………………………………………………..1 ေ၀မမသးစြရ……………………………..……………………2

(ေနာကေမာဂးသ႕ေမးပါ)


117

39. အမသာကသငတ႕အပါအ၀ငအမေထာငစဘယႏစစကေ၀မသးစြေနပါသလ။

ေ၀မသးစြသညအမေထာငစေပါငး……………….…..___ ၁၀အမႏငအထကေ၀မသးစြေနရ…………………..…… 10 မသ……………………………………………………………….11

Ref: MICS

အမေထာငစအသးစရတေမာဂးအမေထာငစအသးစရတေမာဂးအမေထာငစအသးစရတေမာဂးအမေထာငစအသးစရတေမာဂး

40. လြနခေသာတစလအတြငးဤအမေထာငစက ေအာကပါတ႕အတြကမညမသးစြခပါသလ။

1) ခရးစရတ 2) အမျပငဆငမႈအတြက 3) အ၀တအစားအတြက 4) အစားအေသာကအတြက 5) ပညာေရးအတြက 6) ကနးမာေရးကသမႈခယရနအတြက 7) အေႏြးဓါတရရနႏငခကျပတရနေလာငစာ

အတြက 8) ဘာသာေရးႏငလမႈေရးအတြက 9) အျခားကနကစရတမား

(တတကကေဖာျပပါ။)________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

1. □□□□□□□□□□ 2. □□□□□□□□□□ 3. □□□□□□□□□□ 4. □□□□□□□□□□ 5. □□□□□□□□□□ 6. □□□□□□□□□□ 7. □□□□□□□□□□ 8. □□□□□□□□□□ 9. □□□□□□□□□□

မသ……………………………………………………….10

မေျဖလ……………………………………………....….11

Ref: MICS

41. လြနခေသာတစလအတြငးကသငအမေထာငစ အ တြက စစေပါငးကနကစရတဘယေလာကရခပါသလ။ (အမသအမသားမားအတြကအစားအစာ၊အ၀တ အထည၊ခရးစရတ၊အမငားခ၊အရကဖး၊ေဆးလပဖး၊

ကပငါးေသာငးေအာက………………………..…………. 1 ကပငါးေသာငးမတစသနးအထ………………..………. 2 ကပတစသနးမႏစသနးအထ………………….………. 3 ကပႏစသနးအထက……………………………..……. 4

Ref: MICS ေမးခြနး ၄၀မ အသး စရတ ေပါငးႏင


118

ေကာငးစရတ၊ေပာပြရႊငပြအသးစရတႏငအျခားအသး စရတမားအပါ အ၀င)

မသ…………………………………………………………….5 မေျဖလ……………………………………………....………6

ေမးခြနး ၄၁မ အေျဖ မတည ပါက ေမးခြနး ႏစခ လးက ျပနလည စစေဆးပါ။

ေျပာငးေရႊေျပာငးေရႊေျပာငးေရႊေျပာငးေရႊ႕႕႕႕ေနထငျခငးေနထငျခငးေနထငျခငးေနထငျခငး

42. သငအမေထာငစအေနႏငနာဂစမတငမ ကတညးကယခလကရရြာ၊ရပကြကတြင အတညတကေနထငခပါသလား?

ေနထငပါသည………….………….………….………….1 မေနထငပါ………….………….………….………….……2

(45 သ႕ေမးပါ) Ref: PR IV

43. မေနထငခပါက၊ဘယအခနကေျပာငး ေရႊ႕လာခပါသလ?

--------- ႏစ၊ --------- လ

44. နာဂစကတညးကေကးရြာဘယႏစရြာမာေျပာငးေရႊ႕ေနထငခပါသလ?

------------ ရြာအေရအတြက

45. သငအေနန႕လကရရြာရပကြကတြငဆကလက ေနထငခငပါသလား? အရငရြာတြငျပနလညေနထငခငပါသလား? ေနရာအသစကေျပာငးေရႊ႕ခငပါသလား?

ဆကလကေနထငခငပါသည………….………….………… 1 အရငရြာျပနေနခငပါသည………….………….……………. 2 ေနရာအသစေျပာငးခငပါသည………….………….……… 3

Ref: PR IV

46. ယခလကရအခနမာသငအမေထာငစအတြက မတပတငထားတစာရြကစာတမးေတြမရငးရပါသလား? (ယာယမဟတေသာအမေထာငစဇယား၊ သနးေခါငစရငး)

ရပါသည………….………….………….………….…….……. 1 မရပါ………….………….………….………….………….….… 2 မသပါ………….………….………….………….………….….. 3

Ref: PR IV

47. အမေထာငစအတြငးအဓကဘယဘာသာစကားကေျပာဆပါသလ?

ကခင………….………….………….………….…………….. 1 ကယား………….………….………….………….…………… 2 ကရင………….………….………….………….…………….. 3 ခငး………….………….………….………….………………. 4 ဗမာ………….………….………….………….………….…… 5 မြန………….………….………….………….………….…….. 6 ရခင………….………….………….………….………………. 7 ရမး………….………….………….………….……………….. 8 အျခား (ေဖာျပ) ………….………….………….…………… 9

Ref: PR IV


119

အမးသမးႏငဆငေသာသတငးအခကအလကအမးသမးႏငဆငေသာသတငးအခကအလကအမးသမးႏငဆငေသာသတငးအခကအလကအမးသမးႏငဆငေသာသတငးအခကအလက

ကယကယကယကယ၀၀၀၀နေဆာငေစာငေရာကျခငးနေဆာငေစာငေရာကျခငးနေဆာငေစာငေရာကျခငးနေဆာငေစာငေရာကျခငးကေလးအသကႏစ၊လကေလးအသကႏစ၊လကေလးအသကႏစ၊လကေလးအသကႏစ၊လ

ဤေမာဂးတြငပါ၀ငေသာေမးခြနးမားက လြနခေသာ ((((၂၂၂၂))))ႏစအတြငးႏစအတြငးႏစအတြငးႏစအတြငး ကေလးေမြးဖြားခေသာမခငတငးအားေမးျမနးရနျဖစသည။ ေနာကဆးေမြးခေသာ ကေလး၏အမည ကဤေနရာတြငမတတမးတငပါ။ (__________________________________) မတတမးတငထားေသာကေလး၏အမညက ေအာကပါေမးခြနးမားတြငထညသြငးေမးျမနးပါ။ 48. ကယ၀နရလင ကနးမာေရးဌာနသ႔

သြားသငသညက သငသပါသလား။ သ…………………………………………………………… 1 မသ…………………………………………………………. 2 မေသခာ……………………………………………………. 3

49. သငကယ၀နေဆာငစဥကတစဥးဥးထကယ၀နအပခသလား။အပခတယ ဆရငဘယသန႔ကယ၀နအပခပါသလ။ (ကယ၀နအပခသမားကတစဥးၿပးတစဥးေျပာျပ၍ေမးပါ။ေျဖဆသမက၀ငးပါ။)

ကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရး၀၀၀၀နထမးမားနထမးမားနထမးမားနထမးမား ဆရာ၀န………………………………………...…………. 1 သနာျပ/သားဖြားဆရာမ ………………………………. 2 အမးသမးကနးမာေရးဆရာမ………………………… 3 အျခားသမားအျခားသမားအျခားသမားအျခားသမား အရသားဖြားဆရာမ………………………………………. 4 အရပလကသည……………………….……….………… 5 လထကနးမာေရးလပသား…………………..…………. 6 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)…………………….……….7 မညသကမမအပ………………………….…….…………. 8

Ref: PR IV (54သ႕ေမးပါ)

50. ပထမဆးအႀကမကယ၀နေစာငေရာကမႈခယစဥကကယ၀နဘယႏစလရပါ သလ?

------- လ မသ……………………..…………………………..……99

Ref: DHS

51. သငကယ၀နေဆာငစဥအဓကကယ၀နေစာကေရာကသထဘယႏစေခါက ေလာကျပသခသလ။

ကယ၀နကျပသခေသာအႀကမေပါငး___ ___ မသ ……………………..…………………………..……99

Ref: MICS ၄ၾကမေအာကျဖစပါက ေမးခြနး ၅၃ သ႕သြားပါ။

52. သငကယ၀နဘယႏစပါတမာ ကယ၀န ေစာငေရာကမႈခယခပါသလ?

ျပခ မျပခ ကယ၀န ၁၂ပါတ ၀နးကင 1 2 (ကယ၀န ၁၄ပါတ အထ) ကယ၀န ၂၆ပါတ ၀နးကင 1 2 (ကယ၀န ၁၅-၂၈ပါတ) ကယ၀န ၃၂ပါတ ၀နးကင 1 2 (ကယ၀န ၂၉-၃၄ ပါတ) ကယ၀န ၃၆ပါတ ၀နးကင 1 2 (ကယ၀န ၃၅ပါတမ ေမြးသညအထ)

53. သငကယ၀နကျပသစဥတစဖကေဖာျပပါစစေဆးမေတြကအနညးဆးတစခါ ေလာကခယခရပါသလား။

ေဆာငရြကခ မေဆာငရြကခ သငကေသြးေပါငခနတငးခသလား။ 1 2 သငကကယအေလးခနခနေပးခသလား။ 1 2 သငကဗကစမးခသလား။ 1 2 သငဆးစစဖ႕ရာဆးနမနာေပးခရသလား။ 1 2


120

ဗတာမငဘ (၁) ႏငသဓါတေဆးျပား နမနာမားကျပပါ။

သငေသြးစစဖ႕ရာေသြးနမနာေပးခရသလား။ 1 2 သငဗတာမငဘ (၁) ေဆးျပားရခသလား။ 1 2 သငသဓါတေဆးျပားရရခသလား။ 1 2

54. ကယ၀နမအပခလင၊ဘာေၾကာငလ? အခကအားလးကမတတမးတငပါ။ (ေမးခြနး 49 မ)

မလအပပါ…………………………………………………..1 ကယ၀နေစာငေရာကမႈရရႏငသည

ေနရာေ၀းေသာေၾကာင………………………………2 အကနအကမား……………………………………………3 သြားလာမႈခကခ…………………………………………….4 ရကေသာေၾကာင…………………………………………..5 အျခား (ေဖာျပပါ) ………………………………………….6

Ref: KPC

55. သငမသားစသညအနးဆးကနးမာေရးဌာန၊ေဆးခနးသ႔ မညသ႔သြားပါသလ?

အေျဖအားလးက မတတမးတငပါ။

လမးေလာက……………………………………………… 1 သဗၺန၊ေလာငးေလ………………………………………… 2 ဆကကား………………………………………..…………..3 စကတပေလ…………………………………….…………. 4 ေထာလာဂ…………………………………..……………… 5 ကား၊စကတပယာဥ၊ေမာေတာဆငကယ………..….. 6 စကဘး…………………………………………………..….. 7 အျခား (ေဖာျပပါ)…………………………………………. 8 မသ…………………………………………………………….9

Ref: PR IV

56. သငအေနန႕အနးဆးကနးမာေရးဌာန၊ ေဆးခနးကသြားရနအခနဘယ ေလာကၾကာ၊ဘယေလာကေ၀းပါ သလ?

အမားဆးအသးျပျအမားဆးအသးျပျအမားဆးအသးျပျအမားဆးအသးျပျဖစသည နညးလမး၏ အခနၾကာျမငမႈႏငအကြာအေ၀း ကသာ ေဖာျပပါ။ ၿမ႕နယကနးမာေရးဌာနႏင အကြာေ၀းအား ျပနလည စစေဆးပါ။

မနစအေရအတြက ------ ------- အကြာအေ၀း ------ ------- ကလမတာ မသ …………………………………….…………………….999

Ref: PR IV

57. ကယ၀နေဆာငခနအတြငးတြငအမးသမးမားသညအႏရာယလကၡဏာမား ႀကႏငျပးေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးသ႕ခကျခငးသြားျပရနလအပပါသည။

ဘယလလကၡဏာမားႀကေတြ႕ရလငေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးတြငကနးမာေရးေစာင ေရာကမႈခယဖ႕ခကျခငးလအပပါသလ? အေျဖမားက မဖတျပပါႏင။ ေျဖဆသြားေသာ

မနးမကယမေသြးဆငးျခငး …………………………….. 1 တကျခငး ……………………….………………………………. 2 ေခါငးျပငးထနစြာကကၿပး အျမငမႈန၀ါးျခငး ……………….3 ဖားျပး အပရာမမထႏငေလာကေအာင အားနညးျခငး…. 4 ၀မးဗက အလြနအမငးနာျခငး…………………………….… 5 အသကရ ျမနျခငး၊ အသကရ ခကချခငး………………… 6 အျခား (ေဖာျပပါ)…………………………………………….... 7 မသ……………………………………………………………….. 8

Ref: KPC


121

အေျဖအားလးကမတတမးတငပါ။ 58. သငေနာကဆးေမြးခေသာကေလးက

ကယ၀နေဆာငစဥကေမးခငကာကြယေဆးထးခသလား။

ထး……………………………………………………………1 မထး………………………………………………………….2 မသ…………………………………………………………..3


59. ေမးခငကာကြယေဆးထးခပါကဘယ ႏစႀကမထးခသလ။

အႀကမေပါငး……………………………….……… ___ ___ မသ…………………………………………….……………….8

(60 သ႕ေမးပါ)

ေနာကဆးေမြးခေသာကေလးကယ၀နေဆာငစဥကေမးခငကာကြယေဆးဘယႏစႀကမထးခသလဆတာ59 မာၾကညပါ။ 59 မာေမးခငကာကြယေဆး (၂)ႀကမႏငအထကထးခပါကေနာကေမာဂးတစခသ႕ဆကေမးပါ။ 59 မာေမးခငကာကြယေဆး (၂)ႀကမေအာကထးခပါက 60 ကဆကေမးပါ။ 60. သငေနာကဆးေမြးခေသာကေလး

ကယ၀နမေဆာငမေမးခငကာကြယေဆးထးခပါသလား။

ထး……………………………………………………………1 မထး………………………………………………………….2 မသ……………………………………………………..……3

(ေနာကေမာဂးတစခသ႕ဆကေမးပါ)

61. ေမးခငကာကြယေဆးထးခပါကဘယႏစ ႀကမထးခသလ။

အႀကမေပါငး…………………………… ___ __ မသ…………………………………………………….8

62. ေနာကဆးအႀကမကယ၀နမေဆာငမ ေနာကဆးအႀကမေမးခငကာကြယေဆးကဘယအခနကထးခသလ။ (ေမးခငကာကြယေဆးထးေသာခႏစကသပါကေနာကေမာဂး သ႔သြားပါ။ ခႏစကမသပါကေမးခြနး 63ကေမးပါ။)

လ…………………………………………………….. ___ ___ မသ……………………………………………………….88 ခႏစ………………………………………. __ __ __ __ မသ…………………………………………………….…99

(ေနာကေမာဂးတစခသ႕ဆကေမးပါ) (63 သ႕ေမးပါ)

63. ေနာကဆးကယ၀နမေဆာငမလြနခ ေသာဘယႏစႏစကေမးခငကာကြယ ေဆးကထးခသလ။

လြနခေသာႏစေပါငး……………………… __ __ Ref: MICS

ေမြးဖြားစဥႏငေမြးကငးစကေလးေစာငေရာကျခငးေမြးဖြားစဥႏငေမြးကငးစကေလးေစာငေရာကျခငးေမြးဖြားစဥႏငေမြးကငးစကေလးေစာငေရာကျခငးေမြးဖြားစဥႏငေမြးကငးစကေလးေစာငေရာကျခငး ကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသက ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ လလလလ

ဤေမာဂးတြငပါ၀ငေသာေမးခြနးမားက လြနခေသာ ((((၂၂၂၂))))ႏစအတြငးႏစအတြငးႏစအတြငးႏစအတြငး ကေလးေမြးဖြားခေသာမခငတငးအားေမးျမနးရနျဖစသည။ ေနာကဆးေမြးခေသာ ကေလး၏အမည ကဤေနရာတြငမတတမးတငပါ။ (__________________________________) မတတမးတငထားေသာကေလး၏အမညက ေအာကပါေမးခြနးမားတြငထညသြငးေမးျမနးပါ။ 64. သင(အမည) ကေမြးဖြားစဥက မညသက

ေမြးဖြားေပးခ သလ။ (ကေလးေမြးဖြားေပးခသမားအားေဖာျပေမး ျမနးပါ။ေမြးဖြားေပးသတစဥးမကရႏငသျဖငေမြးေပးသအားလးက၀ငးပါ။)

ကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရး၀၀၀၀နထမးမားနထမးမားနထမးမားနထမးမား ဆရာ၀န…………………………………………………………. 1 သနာျပ၊သားဖြားဆရာမ …………………………………….. 2 အမးသမးကနးမာေရးဆရာမ ……………..………………. 3 အျခားသမားအျခားသမားအျခားသမားအျခားသမား အရသားဖြားဆရာမ……………………………………………. 4 အရပလကသည……………………………………………….. 5 လထကနးမာေရးလပသား…………………………………… 6 ေဆြမး/သငယခငး…………………………………………… 7

Ref: PR IV


122

အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)………………………………… 8 ကယဟာကယေမြး………………………….………………… 9

65. သင (အမည) ကဘယေနရာမာမးဖြားခသလ။ (ကေလးမးဖြားေသာေနရာအားလးကေဖာျပပါ။ထေနာကသကဆငရာကတနပါတက၀ငးပါ။အကယ၍ေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနး၊ကနးမာေရးဌာနမားတြငမးဖြားခပါကေမြးဖြားရာဌာနမား၏အမညကေဖာျပပါ။)

(ေမြးဖြားရာေနရာအမညမား) (၁) ____________________ (၂) ____________________ (၃) ____________________

အမတြငမးဖြားျခငးအမတြငမးဖြားျခငးအမတြငမးဖြားျခငးအမတြငမးဖြားျခငး မမအမ…………………………………………………………… 1 အျခားအမ………………………………………………………. 2 အစးရေဆးရအစးရေဆးရအစးရေဆးရအစးရေဆးရ////ေဆးခနးတြငမးဖြားျခငးေဆးခနးတြငမးဖြားျခငးေဆးခနးတြငမးဖြားျခငးေဆးခနးတြငမးဖြားျခငး အစးရေဆးရ……………………………………………………. 3 အစးရေဆးခနး…………………………………………………. 4 အျခား (တတကကေဖာျပပါ။)………………………………. 5 ပဂၢလကေဆးရပဂၢလကေဆးရပဂၢလကေဆးရပဂၢလကေဆးရ////ေဆးခနးတြငမးဖြားျခငးေဆးခနးတြငမးဖြားျခငးေဆးခနးတြငမးဖြားျခငးေဆးခနးတြငမးဖြားျခငး ပဂၢလကေဆးရ…………………………………………………. 6 ပဂၢလကေဆးခနး……………………………………………… 7 ပဂၢလကသားဖြားခနး………………………………………….. 8 မခငႏငကေလးေစာငေရာကေရးအသငးမဖြငလစထား ေသာသားဖြားခနး………………………………. 9 အျခားပဂၢလက (တတကကေဖာျပပါ)…….……………..10 အျခား (တတကကေဖာျပပါ)……………………………….11

Ref: PR IV

66. မးဖြားစဥတြငအမးသမးမားသညအႏရာယလကၡဏာမားႀကႏငျပးေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးသ႕အျမနဆးသြားျပရနလအပပါသည။

ကေလးမးဖြားစဥအတြငးဘယလလကၡဏာမား ႀကေတြ႕ရလငေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးတြငအျမနဆး ေဆးကသမႈခယသငပါလ? တဖကတြငေဖာျပထားေသာအေျဖမားကမဖတျပပါႏင။ေျပာသြားေသာအေျဖ မားအားလး ကမတတမးတငပါ။

ေရျမႊာေပါကျပး ၆ နာရၾကာသညတငေအာင ဗကမနာလင …………………………………………… 1

ဗကနာၿပး ၁၂နာရေကာသညအထ မေမြးေသးလင....……………………………………….. 2

ေမြးၿပး ေသြးဆငးမားလင (သ႔မဟတ) ၁၅ မနစအတြငး ေအာကခပစၥညး ၂ခ ၃ခ ေသြးရႊနစေနလင……..…. 3

ကေလးထြကၿပး ၁နာရၾကာသညအထ အခငးမကလင……………..…………………………… 4

အျခား (ေဖာျပပါ)………………………………………………. 5 မသ……………………………………………………………….. 6

Ref: KPC

67. (အမည) ကဘယလေမြးခပါသလ? ရးရးေမြး………………………………………………………1 ကရယာအကအညျဖငေမြး………………………………2 ဗကခြေမြး……………………………………………………3

ေနာကေမာဂးသြား (68သ႕ေမးပါ) (70သ႕ေမးပါ)

68. ဘယလကရယာအကအညျဖင ေမြးခပါသလ?

စပေမြး………………………………………………………… 1 ညပေမြး………………………………………………………… 2

69. ကရယာအကအညျဖင ေမြးဖြားခတယဆရင ဘာေၾကာငကရယာအကအညျဖင ေမြးရတာလ? (ေဖာျပေသာ အေျဖအားလးကမတတမး

_________________________________________________________________________________

ေနာကေမာဂးသြား


123

တငပါ) 70. ဗကခြေမြးခလင၊ႀကတငစစဥထားသလား?

သ႕မဟတအေရးေပၚအေျခအေနေၾကာင လား?

ႀကတငစစဥ…………………………………………………….. 1 အေရးေပၚ……………………………………………………….. 2

ေမြးဖြားၿပးေစာငေရာကျခငးေမြးဖြားၿပးေစာငေရာကျခငးေမြးဖြားၿပးေစာငေရာကျခငးေမြးဖြားၿပးေစာငေရာကျခငး ကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသက ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ လလလလ

ဤေမာဂးတြငပါ၀ငေသာေမးခြနးမားက လြနခေသာ ((((၂၂၂၂))))ႏစအတြငးႏစအတြငးႏစအတြငးႏစအတြငး ကေလးေမြးဖြားခေသာမခငတငးအားေမးျမနးရနျဖစသည။ ေနာကဆးေမြးခေသာ ကေလး၏အမညက ဤေနရာတြငမတတမးတငပါ။ (__________________________________) မတတမးတငထားေသာကေလး၏အမညက ေအာကပါေမးခြနးမားတြငထညသြငးေမးျမနးပါ။ 71. တခါတရ၊အမးသမးမားသညမးဖြားၿပးလင

အႏရာယလကၡဏာမားႀကႏျပးေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးသ႕အျမနဆးသြားျပရနလအပပါသည။

ကေလးမးဖြားျပးတြငဘယလလကၡဏာမားႀက

ေတြ႕ရလငေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးတြငအျမနဆး ေဆးကသမႈခယသငပါလ?

တဖကတြငေဖာျပထားေသာအေျဖမားကမဖတျပ

ပါႏင။ေျပာသြားေသာလကၡဏာမားအားလးကမတတမးတငပါ။

မနးမကယမေသြးဆငးမားျခငး …………………………….. 1 တကျခငး ……..……………………………………………….. 2 အသကရျမနျခငး၊ အသကရခကချခငး …………………. 3 ဖားၿပးအပရာမမထႏငေလာကေအာင

အားနညးျခငး…….………………………..……………. 4 ေခါငးျပငးထနစြာကကၿပး အျမငမႈန၀ါးျခငး ……………… 5 အျခား (ေဖာျပပါ)………………………………………………. 6 မသ……………………………………………………………….. 7

Ref: KPC

72. ေမာင/မ _____ က မးဖြားၿပး ေနာက ကနးမာေရးေစာငေရာကေပးသတစဥးဥးကသင၏ကနးမာေရးကစစေဆးေပးခပါ သလား။

စစေဆး………………………………………………….…1 မစစေဆး…………………………………..………………2 မသ………………………………………………………….3

Ref: MICS (ေမးခြနး 76သ႕ေမးပါ) (ေမးခြနး 76သ႕ေမးပါ)

73. မးဖြားၿပးေနာကသငအားဘယေလာက အၾကာမာပထမဥးဆးစမးသပစစေဆးေပးခပါသလ။ (မးဖြားၿပး (၁)နာရအတြငး စမးသပခပါက၁နာရအတြငးကြကလပတြင “00” ျဖငျပပါ။ (မးဖြားၿပး (၁) နာရႏင အထကကြကလပတြငနာရျဖငျပပါ။ (မးဖြားၿပးတစပတအတြငးစစေဆးခပါက ရကျဖငေဖာျပပါ။)

၁နာရအတြငး…………….. 1 ၁နာရႏငအထက……….. 2 ရက…………………………. 3 သတငးပတ……………….. 4 မသ……………………………………………………. 88

Ref: MICS

74. မးဖြားၿပးေနာက၄ပတ မ ၆ပတ အတြငး သငအားဘယသကကနးမာေရးစမးသပစစေဆးေပးခသလ။

(ကနးမာေရးစစေဆးေပးသအားလးကေမးျမနး၍၀ငးပါ။)

တဖကတြငေဖာျပထားေသာအေျဖမားကမဖတျပ

ကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရး၀၀၀၀နထမးမားနထမးမားနထမးမားနထမးမား ဆရာ၀န…………………………………………………………. 1 သနာျပ၊သားဖြားဆရာမ …………………………………….. 2 အမးသမးကနးမာေရးဆရာမ ……………..………………. 3 အျခားသမားအျခားသမားအျခားသမားအျခားသမား အရသားဖြားဆရာမ……………………………………………. 4

Ref: MICS


124

ပါႏင။ေျပာသြားေသာလကၡဏာမားအားလးက မတတမးတငပါ။

အရပလကသည……………………………………………….. 5 လထကနးမာေရးလပသား…………………………………… 6 ေဆြမး/သငယခငး……………………………………………. 7 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)………………………………… 8 မသပါ……………………………………………………………. 9

75. မးဖြားၿပးေနာက 6 ပတအတြငး သငကနးမာ ေရး ေစာငေရာကမႈ ဘယႏစႀကမရရခပါ သလ?

အႀကမေပါငး ____ ______ မသ…………………………………………………..88

Ref: DHS

76. ေမာင/မ _____ ကမးဖြားၿပးေနာက ကနးမာေရးေစာငေရာကေပးသတစဥးဥးကသငကေလး၏ကနးမာေရးကစစေဆးေပးခပါသလား။

စစေဆး………………..………………………………….1 မစစေဆး……………………….………………………..2 မသ…………………………………………………….….3

(ေမးခြနး 80သ႕ေမးပါ။) (ေမးခြနး 80သ႕ေမးပါ။)

77. မးဖြားၿပးဘယေလာကအၾကာမာသင ကေလးအားပထမဥးဆးစမးသပစစေဆး ေပးခပါသလ။ (မးဖြားၿပး (၁)နာရအတြငး စမးသပ ခပါက၁နာရအတြငးကြကလပတြင “00” ျဖငျပပါ။ (မးဖြားၿပး (၁) နာရႏင အထက ကြကလပတြငနာရျဖငျပပါ။ (မးဖြားၿပးတစပတအတြငးစစေဆးခပါကရကျဖငေဖာျပပါ။)

၁နာရအတြငး…………….. 1 ၁နာရႏငအထက……….. 2 ရက…………………………. 3 သတငးပတ……………….. 4 မသ……………………………………………………. 88

Ref: MICS

78. မးဖြားၿပးေနာက၄ပတမ ၆ပတအတြငး ကေလးကဘယသကကနးမာေရးစမးသပ စစေဆးေပးခသလ။

(ကနးမာေရးစစေဆးေပးသအားလးကေမးျမနး၍၀ငးပါ။) တဖကတြငေဖာျပထားေသာအေျဖမားကမဖတျပပါႏင။ေျပာသြားေသာလကၡဏာမားအားလးကမတတမးတငပါ။

ကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရးကနးမာေရး၀၀၀၀နထမးမားနထမးမားနထမးမားနထမးမား ဆရာ၀န…………………………………………………………. 1 သနာျပ၊သားဖြားဆရာမ …………………………………….. 2 အမးသမးကနးမာေရးဆရာမ ……………..………………. 3 အျခားသမားအျခားသမားအျခားသမားအျခားသမား အရသားဖြားဆရာမ……………………………………………. 4 အရပလကသည……………………………………………….. 5 လထကနးမာေရးလပသား…………………………………… 6 ေဆြမး/သငယခငး……………………………………………. 7 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)………………………………… 8 မသပါ……………………………………………………………. 9

Ref: MICS

79. မးဖြားၿပးေနာက ၇ ရကအတြငး သငကေလး အား ဘယႏစႀကမ စမးသပစစေဆး ခပါသလ?

အႀကမေပါငး ____ ______ မသ…………………………………………………..88

80. သင (အမည)ကေမြးၿပး (၁)လခြ အတြငး သငကယတငဗတာမငေအ ေဆးေတာငအန (ဒါမး) ေသာကခဖးသလား။ (ဗတာမငေအေဆးေတာငအနကျပပါ။)

ေသာကဖး……………………………………….………………. 1 မေသာကဘး………………………………….……………….. 2 မသ……………………………………………..……………….. 3

Ref: MICS


125

81. တခါတရ၊ေမြးကငးစကေလးငယမားသညေမြးဖြားၿပးတလအတြငးတြငအႏရာယလကၡဏာ မားႀကႏငျပးေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးသ႕အျမနဆး သြားျပရနလအပပါသည။

ဘယလလကၡဏာမားႀကေတြ႕ရလငကေလးငယ

ကေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးသ႕ကနးမာေရးေစာင ေရာကမႈခယရနေခၚသြားသငပါသလ?

တဖကတြငေဖာျပထားေသာအေျဖမားကမဖတျပပါႏင။ေျပာသြားေသာလကၡဏာမားအားလးကမတတမးတငပါ။

အသကရခကချခငး…………………….………...…………1 တကျခငး ………………………………………..………….….2 ဖားျခငး ……………………………………..……..….……….3 ကယပေသာလညး ေျခဖားလကဖားေအးေနျခငး ....…..4 ခကမေသြးထြကျခငး.....................………………………5 ႏ႔ေကာငးစြာ မစ႕ျခငး………………………………..………..6 ၀မးသြားျခငး......................……………………….………7 အျခား(ေဖာျပပါ) …………………….………….……………8 မသ………………………..………………………….…………9

Ref: MICS

ကယကယကယကယ၀၀၀၀နတားေဆးအသးျပျခငးနတားေဆးအသးျပျခငးနတားေဆးအသးျပျခငးနတားေဆးအသးျပျခငး

ဤေမာဂးတြငပါ၀ငေသာေမးခြနးမားက မခငမားအားလးကေမးျမနးရနျဖစသည။ ယခသငကမးဆကပြား ကနးမာေရးႏငပတသကသည အေၾကာငးအရာမားကေမးျမနးပါရေစ။ဤအေၾကာငးအရာမားကေျဖၾကားရနသငမာအခကအခရေကာငးရႏငေသာလညးကနးမာေရးစမ ခကမားေရးဆြရာတြငဤအေၾကာငးအရာမားကသရရနလအပသျဖငေကးဇးျပ၍ေျဖၾကားေပးေစလပါသည။သငေျဖၾကားေသာအေျဖမားကအျခားမညသ႕ကမမသေစရေအာငလ႕၀ကစြာထနးသမးထားမညျဖစပါသည။ 82. ယခသငကယ၀နရေနပါသလား။

ရ……………………………………………………….. 1 မရ…………………………………………………….. 2 မသ/မေသခာ………………………………………. 3

Ref: MICS (ေမးခြနး 84သ႕ေမးပါ။)

83. ဤကယ၀နက ယခငစတရခ ပါသလား? ရ……………………………………………………….. 1 မရ…………………………………………………….. 2

84. ကေလးထပယခငေသးလား? ထပယ……………………………………………….. 1 မယ………………………………………………….. 2 ကယ၀နမရႏင……………………………………….3 မေသခာ၊မသ (ကယ၀နလကရရ)……………….4 မေသခာ၊မသ (ကယ၀နမရ)…………………..….5

ေနာက ေမာဂး ေမးခြနး 85 သ႔ ေနာက ေမာဂး ေနာက ေမာဂး ေမးခြနး 85 သ႔

85. အခ႕အမေထာငရငမားသညသားသမးမလခငေသးသျဖငကယ၀နတားနညးတစမးမးက အသးျပေလရပါသည။သငေရာယခကယ၀န တားနညးအမးမးကအသးျပေနပါသလား။

သးပါသည…………………………………………… 1 မသးပါ………………………………………..………. 2

(ေမာဂးအသစသ႕ဆကေမးပါ)

86. သငမညသညကယ၀နတားနညးကအသးျပေနပါသလ။ (အေျဖမားက မဖတျပပါႏင၊ အေျဖတစခထကမကေျဖပါကသကဆငရာကတနပါတက၀ငးပါ။)

အမးသမးသားေၾကာျဖတ………………………… 1 ေန႕စဥေသာကတားေဆးလး…………………….. 2 သားအမတြငးပစၥညးထည (IUD)……………….. 3 ထးေဆး……………………………………………… 4 အသားထျမပေဆး……………….………………… 5 ကြနဒး (အမးသား)……………………………….. 6

Ref: MICS


126

ကြနဒး (အမးသမး)…………………….…………. 7 သားအမေခါငးဖး (Diaphragm)……………….. 8 သတပးေသေစေသာေဆးသး………………….. 9 မခငႏ႕တကျခငးျဖငကယ၀နတား……………. 10 ရကေရာင……………………………………….….. 11 လငအဂၤါအျပငထတ……………………………… 12 အျခား (တတကကေဖာျပပါ)…………………… 13 __________________________________ __________________________________

၅၅၅၅ႏစေအာကကေလးႏငဆငေသာႏစေအာကကေလးႏငဆငေသာႏစေအာကကေလးႏငဆငေသာႏစေအာကကေလးႏငဆငေသာ သတငးအခကအလကသတငးအခကအလကသတငးအခကအလကသတငးအခကအလက အျခားေဖာျပထားသညေနရာမလြ၍ ဤေမာဂးရေမးခြနးမားအားလးက (၅)ႏစေအာက ကေလးမား၏အတေန မခငအား ေမးျမနးရန ျဖစသည။ ေမးခြနးေမးရနအကး၀ငသ ၅ႏစေအာကကေလးးအားလးကေမးရနႏင ကေလးတစေယာကအတြက ေမးခြနးတစစ စသးရနျဖစသည။

UF1. ကေလး အမည __________________________ UF2. မခငအမည ____________________________

UF3. ေကးရြာအပစအမည ______________________

UF4. ၿမ႕၊ရြာအမည __________________________

87. ကေလးေမြးသကရာဇ ______ / ______ / ____________ (day/month/year)

88. ကေလးအသကဘယႏစႏစရၿပလ? ျပညျပးအသကက ေဖာျပပါ။ ျပညျပး အသက သညတစႏစေအာကျဖစပါက “0” ကျဖညပါ။

ျပညၿပးအသက _______ႏစ _________ လ

89. လင မ…………………………………………………1 ကား…………………………………………….2

မခငႏမခငႏမခငႏမခငႏ႕႕႕႕တကျခငး တကျခငး တကျခငး တကျခငး ကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသက ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ လလလလ

90. ေမာင/မ ___ ကမခငႏ႕တကခပါသလား။ တကခ………………………………………………… 1 မတကခ……………………………………………… 2 မသ.....……………………………………………… 3


91. ေမာင/မ ___ကေမြးၿပးအခနဘယေလာကအၾကာမာမခငႏ႕စတကခသလ။ (အခန၁နာရထကနညးလင “00” နာရအျဖစမတတမးတငပါ။အခန၂၄နာရထက နညးလငနာရျဖငေဖာျပပါ။ထထကပၾကာပါက “ရက” ျဖငေဖာျပပါ။

ခကခငးတက……………………………………000 နာရေပါငး……………………………..…… ___ ___ ရကေပါငး………………………………….. ___ ___ မသ/မမတမ………………………………………999

Ref: MICS


127

92. ေမာင/မ ____ ယခမခငႏ႕စ႕ေနေသးလား။ ႏ႕စ႕…………………………………………………… 1 ႏ႕မစ႕…………………………………………………. 2 မသ……………………………………………………. 3

Ref: MICS

93. မေန႕ကဒအခနမယေန႕ဒအခနထေမာင/မ _____ ကေအာကေဖာျပပါတ႕ကေရာတက၊ေကြ းခ ေသးလား။၄ငးတ႕ကဖတျပ၍၄ငးႏငသကဆငေသာဂဏနးက ၀ငးပါ။

တကမတကမသ (A) ဗတာမငအားေဆးမား (သ႕) ေဆးတစမးမး…………………………. 1 2 8 (B) ေရရးရး…………………………………………………………………………. 1 2 8 (C) ေဖာရည၊အခရည၊သစသးရည၊ေကာဖ၊လကဘကရည………… 1 2 8 (D) ဓာတဆားရည (ORS)……………………………………………………… 1 2 8 (E) ကေလးႏ႕မႈန႕………………………………………………………………. 1 2 8 (F) ႏ႕ဆ၊ႏြားႏ႕ (သ႕) အျခားႏ႕မား………………………………………… 1 2 8 (G) အျခားအရညမား (တတကကေဖာျပပါ)……………………………… 1 2 8 (H) ထမငး၊ဆနျပတ၊အစာေပာေပာ……………………………………… 1 2 8

Ref: MICS

ေမးခြနး (H) တြငကေလးသညထမငး(သ႕) ဆနျပတ(သ႕) အစာေပာေပာတ႕ေသာကခပါက 94 သ႕ဆကေမးပါ။ သ႕မဟတပါက 95 သ႕သြားပါ။ 94. မေန႕ကဒအခနမယေန႕ဒအခနထေမာင/မ

____ကထမငး၊ဆနျပတ၊အစာေပာေပာဘယႏစႀကမေကၽြးခပါသလ။ (၇) ႀကမထကပပါက “၇” ဟသာမတတမးတငပါ။

အစာေကၽြးသညအႀကမေပါငး…………………___ မသ……………………………………………………88

Ref: MICS

ေမးခြနး 95 ႏင 96 အား (၅)ႏစေအာကကေလးရေသာမခငအား တစႀကမသာေမးရနျဖစသည။

95. ကေလးငယကေမြးစမဘယအခနအထမခငႏ႕တစမးတညးတကသငပါလ?

------ ------- လ မသ………………………………………………..88

Ref: MICS

96. မခငႏ႔တကေကြ းျခငး၏အကးေကးဇးမားမာဘာေတြလ?

အေျဖမားက မဖတျပပါႏင။ ေျဖဆသြားေသာ အေျဖအားလးကမတတမးတငပါ။

ကေလးအာဟာရျပည……………………..…….……1 ေရာဂါကာကြယ……………………….……….….……2 သားအမျမနျမန၀ပ……………………………………..3 သားဆကျခား……………………………………………4 ကေလးႏငပေႏြးေထြး………………………………….5 အကနအကသကသာ………………………………….6 ၀မးပက၀မးေလာကာကြယ…………………………..7 သားအမ၊ႏ႕ကငဆာျဖစႏငေျခေလာ…………..……8 အျခား (ေဖာျပ) ……………………….……….……….9 မသ……….………………….…………………....…….10

Ref: KPC


128

ကာကြယေဆးထးျခငးကာကြယေဆးထးျခငးကာကြယေဆးထးျခငးကာကြယေဆးထးျခငး ကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသက ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ လလလလ

ကေလးမာကာကြယေဆးထးမတတမး (ဥပမာ-ကာကြယေဆးထးကပျပား၊ကေလးကယအေလးခနမတတမး၊ သားဖြားဆရာမ၏ ကာကြယ ေဆးထးမတတမး) ရပါက၄ငးမတတမးမကာကြယေဆးထးရကစြမားကေအာကေဖာျပပါ ကာကြယေဆးမားအတြက မတတမး တငပါ။ အကယ၍ကာကြယေဆးထးမတတမးမရပါက99 99 99 99 မမမမ 102102102102အထေမးျမနး၍မတတမးတငပါ။ 97. ေမာင/မ___အတြကကာကြယေဆးထး

မတတမးရပါသလား။ ရ(ျမငရ)………………………………………………. 1 ရ(မျမငရ)……………………………………………. 2 မရ…………………………………………………….. 3


98. ကာကြယေဆးတစမးစအတြကေဆးထးေသာရကစြမားကမတတမးမကးယပါ။

မတတမးတြငရကစြေဖာျပမထားပါကရကေကာလ တြင “၄၄” ကျဖညသြငးပါ။

ကာကြယေဆးထးရကစြ Ref: MICS

ရက လ ခႏစ Ref: MICS

(A). ဆ.က.မ(၁) DPT1 (B). ဆ.က.မ(၂) DPT2 (C). ဆ.က.မ(၃) DPT3 (D). ၀ကသက(၁) Measles1 99. ေမာင/မ___ကေရာဂါမားကာကြယဖ႔

(အမးသားကာကြယေဆးထး/ ေဆးတကေန႕ တြငရရေသာေဆးမားအပါအ၀င) ကာကြယေဆးတစမးမးထးေပး/တကေပးခပါသလား။

ထးေပး/တကေပးခ………………………………… 1 မထးေပး/မတကေပးခ…………………………….. 2 မသ…………………………………………………… 3

Ref: MICS ေနာက ေမာဂးသြား ေနာက ေမာဂးသြား

100. ေမာင/မ___ကဆဆနာ၊ၾကကညာေခာငးဆး၊ေမးခငေရာဂါမားကာကြယရနဆ.က.မကာကြယေဆးထးခဘးပါသလား။ (ကေလးအသကတစလခြ (သ႕) ႏစလခြ (သ႕) သးလခြတြငေပါငတြငထး)

ထးေပးခ……………………………………………… 1 မထးေပးခ……………………………………………. 2 မသ……………………………………………………. 3


101. ဘယႏစႀကမထးခသလ။ ထးေသာအႀကမေပါငး………………… ___ ___ မသ……………………………………………………. 8

Ref: MICS

102. ေမာင/မ___၀ကသကေရာဂါကာကြယရန၀ကသကကာကြယေဆးထးေပးခဘးပါသလား။ (ကေလးအသက (၉)လတြငလကေမာငးတြငထး)

ထးေပးခ……………………………………………… 1 မထးေပးခ……………………………………………. 2 မသ……………………………………………………. 3

Ref: MICS


129

ဗတာမငေအတကေကြ းျခငးဗတာမငေအတကေကြ းျခငးဗတာမငေအတကေကြ းျခငးဗတာမငေအတကေကြ းျခငး ကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသက ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ လလလလ

ဤေမာဂးရေမးခြနးမားက ၆လ မ ၅ ႏစအတြငး ကေလးမား၏အတေန မခငအားေမးျမနးရနျဖစသည။ ေမးခြနးေမးရနအကး၀ငသ ကေလး တစဥး အတြက ေမးခြနးတစစစသးရနျဖစသည။ 103. ေမာင/မ _____ ဗတာမငေအ ေဆးေတာင

(ဒါမး)ေသာကဖးသလား။ (အသက(၆)လမ (၁၁) လကေလးမားအတြက

ေဆးေတာငအျပာ) (အသက(၁၂)လမ (၅၉) လကေလးမားအတြက

ေဆးေတာငအန) ကျပပါ။

ေသာကဖး……………………………………………. 1 မေသာကဖး………………………………………….. 2 မသ……………………………………………………. 3

Ref: MICS (ေမာဂးအသစက ေမးပါ) (ေမာဂးအသစက ေမးပါ)

104. လြနခေသာဘယႏစလကေမာင/မ _____ ဒေဆးေတာငကေသာကခသလ။

လြနခေသာလေပါငး………………………___ ___ မသ………………………………………………….. 99

Ref: MICS

105. ေမာင/မ ____ ေနာကဆး ေသာကခတ ေဆးေတာငက ဘယေနရာမာရရခသလ။

ကနးမာေရး၀နထမးမားမပမနျဖန႕ျဖးစဥ……… 1 ကနးမာေရးေဆးခနးသ႕ကေလးေနမေကာငးသျဖငသြား ေရာကျပသစဥ………………………… 2 အမးသားကာကြယေဆးတကေန႕သ႕သြားစဥ.. 3 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)……………………… 4 မသ……………………………………………………. 5

Ref: MICS

နာမကနးမႈေစာငေရာကျခငးနာမကနးမႈေစာငေရာကျခငးနာမကနးမႈေစာငေရာကျခငးနာမကနးမႈေစာငေရာကျခငး ကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသက ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ လလလလ

106. လြနခေသာ(၂)ပတအတြငးေမာင/မ ____ ၀မးေလာ/၀မးပကျဖစခသလား။ (၀မးေလာ၊၀မးပကဆသညမာဒေန႕ကစၿပး လြနခေသာ (၁၃)ရကအတြငးကတစေန႕လင (၃)ႀကမ (သ႕) (၃)ႀကမႏငအထက ၀မးအရည သြားျခငး (သ႕) ၀မးတြငးေသြးပါျခငးက ေခၚသည။)

ျဖစခ…………………………………………………… 1 မျဖစခ………………………………………………… 2 မသ……………………………………………………. 3


107. ေနမေကာငးျဖစစဥေမာင/မ ___ သညအရည (ႏ႔ရညအပါအ၀င) ကဘယလ ေသာကခသလ။ အရငကထကေလာေသာကသလား။အရငကလဘလား။အရငကထကတးေသာကသလား။

လး၀မေသာက/အေတာေလာေသာက………….1 အရငအတငးေသာက……………………………… 2 အရငကထကပေသာက…………………………… 3 မသ……………………………………………………. 4

Ref: MICS

108. ေနမေကာငးျဖစစဥေမာင/မ ____ သည အစာကဘယလစားခသလ။အရငကထက ေလာစားသလား။အရငအတငးစားသလား။ အရငကထကတးၿပးစားသလား။ (အရငကထကေလာစားပါကမားမားေလာစားသလား (သ႕) နနေလာစားသလားေမးပါ။)

အစာမေကြ းခဘး….…………………………….… 1 အစာေကြ းရပ….………………………………….… 2 အရငကထကေတာေတာေလာစား…………..… 3 အရငကထကနနေလာစား…………………….…. 4 အရငကအတငးစား……………………………..…. 5 အရငကထကပစား…………………………………. 6 မသ…………………………………………………… 7

Ref: MICS


130

109. ေနာကဆးအႀကမ၀မးပက/၀မးေလာျဖစခစဥတစဖကေဖာျပပါအရညေတြကေသာကခ သလား။ (အရညတစခခငးစကဖတျပ၍သကဆငရာ ကတနပါတက၀ငးပါ။)

အေျဖအားလကမတတမးတငပါ။

ဓာတဆားရည (ဓာတဆားထတကေဖာထားသညအရည) ………………………….1

အမတြငကယဟာကယေဖာသညဆားႏင သၾကားရည………………………………………..2

ထမငးရည၊ေျပာငးဖးျပတရည………………………….3 ဇငေဆးျပား………………………………………………..4 မခငႏ႕………………………………………………………5 ေရ………………………………………………….………..6 လကဖကရည၊ေကာဖ၊အခရညစသျဖင……………..7 ေဆးတက………………………………………………….8 ေဆးခနး၊ေဆးရျပ………………………………………..9 အရပေဆးဆရာႏငျပ……………………………………10 အျခား (ေဖာျပ) …………………………………………11 မတကပါ………………………………………………….12

Ref: KPC

ေမးခြနး 110 အား (၅)ႏစေအာကကေလးရေသာမခငအားတစႀကမသာေမးရနျဖစသည။ 110. ၀မးပက၀မးေလာ၍ကေလးငယမားတြငျဖစႏင

သညအႏရာယလကၡဏာမားကေဖာျပပါ။ တဖကမအေျဖမားကမေျပာပေဖာျပသမလက

မတပါ။

သတလစျခငး၊အလြနအားနညးျခငး………………1 မစားႏင၊မေသာကႏငျခငး………………….…….…2 မကတြငးခငျခငး၊ငယထပခင၀ငျခငး……..…..3 အေရျပားကဆြလကေသာအခါ နဂအေနအထားသ႕ ျပန၍မေရာကျခငး…………………………..…….…4 ၀မးတြငေသြးပါျခငး…………………………………..5 ေအာအနျခငး…………………………………….……6 အျခား…………………………………………………..7 မသ….……………….……………….………………..8

Ref: KPC

111. လြနခေသာႏစပတအတြငး၊ ေမာင/မ___ ေခာငးဆးၿပးေနမေကာငးျဖစစဥ ပမနထက အသကရႈျမနျခငး(သ႕) အသကရႈခကချခငး တ႕ျဖစခပါသလား။

ျဖစခ…………………………………………………… 1 မျဖစခ………………………………………………… 2 မသ……………………………………………………. 3


112. အသကရႈျမနျခငး(သ႕)အသကရႈခကချခငး သညအဆတေၾကာငလား။ဒါမမဟတႏာေခါငးပတလ႕လား။

အဆတေၾကာင……………………………………… 1 ႏာေခါငးပတလ႕……………………………………. 2 ႏစခစလးေၾကာင…………………………………… 3 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)……………………. 4 မသ…………………………………………………… 5


113. ေမာင/မ___အဒလေနမေကာငးျဖစခစဥတးကေဆးဆရာႏငေဆးကသမႈခယခပါသလား။

ခယခ…………………………………………………. 1 မခယခ……………………………………………….. 2 မသ…………………………………………………… 3


114. ဘယေနရာမာေဆးကသမႈခယခသလ။အကယ၍ကသမႈခယခေသာေနရာမာေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနး ျဖစပါကအမညကေဖာျပပါ။မညသညေနရာတြင

အစးရေဆးရအစးရေဆးရအစးရေဆးရအစးရေဆးရ////ေဆးခနးမားေဆးခနးမားေဆးခနးမားေဆးခနးမား အစးရေဆးရ………………………………………… 1 အစးရေကးလကကနးမာေရးဌာန……………… 2

Ref: MICS


131

ေဆးကသမႈခယခေၾကာငး ေျဖဆသမာျပနလညသတရမတမေစရန အတြကေမးျမနးသမကညေပးပါ။

(ေျဖဆသမေျဖၾကားသမကသာ၀ငးပါ။ေမးခြနးေမးသ

မကညၿပးေျဖမေပးပါႏင။လနာကသမႈခယခ ေသာေနရာႏငသကဆငသညဂဏနးက ၀ငးပါ။)

ကသမခယခေသာေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးအမည _______________________________ _______________________________

အစးရေကးလကကနးမာေရးဌာနခြ……………. 3 ေစတနာ၀နထမးကနးမာေရးလပသား…………. 4 နယလညေဆးကသေရးအဖြ႕……………………. 5 ၿမ႕မ/မခငကေလးကနးမာေရးဌာန……………… 6 တငးရငးေဆးခနး…………………………………… 7 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)…………………….. 8 ပဂၢလကေဆးရပဂၢလကေဆးရပဂၢလကေဆးရပဂၢလကေဆးရ////ေဆးခနးမားေဆးခနးမားေဆးခနးမားေဆးခနးမား ပဂၢလကေဆးရ……………………………………… 9 ပဂၢလကအေနာကတငးေဆးခနး………………. 10 ေဆးဆင……………………………………………. 11 နယလညေဆးကသ/အဖြ႕………………………. 12 တငးရငးေဆးခနး…………………………………. 13 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)……………………. 14 အျခားေနရာမားအျခားေနရာမားအျခားေနရာမားအျခားေနရာမား ေဆြမး/သငယခငး/မတေဆြ………………….. 15 ကြမးယာဆင………………………………………. 16 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)……………………. 17

115. ေမာင/မ___ရ႕ေရာဂါကကသရနေဆး၀ါးမား ေပးခပါသလား။

ေပးခ………………………………………………….. 1 မေပးခ………………………………………………… 2 မသ……………………………………………………. 3


116. ေမာင/မ___၏ေရာဂါအတြကဘာေဆးေတြေပးခသလ။

(ေျဖၾကားသမအေျဖမားက၀ငးပါ။)

ပဋဇ၀ေဆး/ပးသတေဆးမား(အေမာကစလင၊ ဆကထရင၊စသည)…………………………. 1

အဖားကေဆး(ပါရာစတေမာ)…………………… 2 ေခာငးဆးေပာကေဆး……………………………. 3 အားေဆးမား………………………………………… 4 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)…………………….. 5 မသ……………………………………………………. 6

Ref: MICS

ေမးခြနး117 ႏင 118မားက (၅)ႏစေအာကကေလးရေသာမခငအားတစႀကမသာေမးရနျဖစသည။ 117. ကေလးမားတြငျဖစႏငေသာ ျပငးထနေသာ

အသကရလမးေၾကာငးေရာဂါ ပး၀ငေရာက ျခငးေၾကာငျဖစေသာေရာဂါလကၡဏာမားက ေဖာျပပါ။

ေျဖၾကားသမ၀ငးပါ။

အသကရလငျမနျခငး၊အသကရရနခကချခငး…………1 အဖားအလြနတကျခငး………………….…………………….2 အသကရသြငးစဥနရးေအာကရငဘတခင၀ငျခငး……..3 အသကရထတစဥ အသျမညျခငး………………………….4 အျခား…………………………………………………………….5 မသ….……………….……………….……………….…………6

Ref: KPC

118. တစခါတစရကေလးငယမာအျပငးအထန ေနမေကာငးျဖစၿပးေဆးရ၊ေဆးခနးသ႕ခကခငး ေခၚသြားရနလအပလာတတပါတယ။ကေလးမာဘယလေရာဂါလကၡဏာေတြျဖစပါကေဆးရ၊ ေဆးခနးသ႕ေခၚသြားမလ။

ကေလးအရညမေသာကႏင(သ႕)ႏ႕မစ႕ႏင…… 1 ကေလးပ၍ေနမေကာငးျဖစလာ…………………. 2 ကေလးအဖားတကလာျခငး……………………… 3 ကေလးအသကရႈျမနလာျခငး……………………. 4 ကေလးအသကရႈခကခလာျခငး…………………. 5

Ref: MICS


132

(ကေလးမာျဖစႏငသညေရာဂါလကၡဏာတစမး ထကမကရႏငသျဖငရႏငသေလာကေမးပါ။ သ႕ေသာေထာကေပးျခငး၊ထငျမငခကေပးျခငးမျပလပရ။)(ေျဖဆသေျဖသမအေျဖအားလးက၀ငးပါ။)

ကေလးတကျခငး……………………………………6 ကေလး၀မးသြားလငေသြးပါျခငး………………… 7 ကေလးအစားအေသာက

ေကာငးမြနစြာမစားျခငး…………………… 8 အျခား(တတကကေဖာျပပါ)…………………….. 9

ကယအေလးခနႏငအရပတငးတာျခငးေမာဂးကယအေလးခနႏငအရပတငးတာျခငးေမာဂးကယအေလးခနႏငအရပတငးတာျခငးေမာဂးကယအေလးခနႏငအရပတငးတာျခငးေမာဂး ကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသကကေလးအသက ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ႏစ၊ လလလလ

အမေထာငစရကေလးအားလးအားေမးခြနးမားေမးျမနးျခငးၿပးစးပါက (၅)ႏစေအာကကေလးက ကယအေလးခနခနၿပး အရပတငးပါ။ တငးၿပးပါကကယအေလးခနႏငအရပကေမးခြနးလႊာေပၚရသကဆငရာကေလးအတြကေပးထားေသာကြကလပတြငျဖညသြငးပါ။ 119. ကေလးတြငကယအေလးခနကတရပါလား?

ရ(ျမငရ)………………………………………………. 1 ရ(မျမငရ)……………………………………………. 2 မရ……………………………………………………..3 မသ……………………………………………………4

Ref: MICS (121 သ႕ေမးပါ) (121 သ႕ေမးပါ) (121 သ႕ေမးပါ)

120. ကေလး၏ကယအေလးခနကတကၾကညျပး ေအာကပါေမးခြနးကေျဖပါ။

လြနခေသာ၄လကကယအေလးခနခပါသလား?

ခန……………………………………………………. 1 မခန…………………………………………………. 2

Ref: MICS

121. ကေလး၏အရပ(ကေလး၏အသကကေမးခြနး 88တြငစစေဆး၍သကဆငရာကြကလပတြင ျဖညသြငးပါ။)

အသက(၂)ႏစထကငယပါကကေလးကအပခငး၍ အရပအရညကတငးပါ။

အသက(၂)ႏစထကႀကးပါကကေလးကမတတပရပခငး၍အရပအရညကတငးပါ။

ကေလး၏ကယအေလးခန ကလဂရမ ___ ___ . ___ လအပတငးေသာအရပအရည (စငတမတာ)…………………..…....…… 1 __ __ __ . __ မတတပရပခငး၍တငးတာေသာအရပ (စငတမတာ)…………………….……….. 2 __ __ __ . __

Ref: MICS

122. လြနခေသာေျခာကလအတြငးသနခေဆးတကခပါသလား?

တကခ……………………………………………. 1 မတက………………………………………………. 2 မသ…………………………………………………. 3

Ref: MICS

တငးတာမႈရလဒ တငးတာမႈၿပးစး……………………….……………..1 ကေလးမေတြ႕ခရ……………………………….…. 2 တငးတာခရနျငငးဆန…………………………..… 3 အျခားအေၾကာငးမား (တတကကေဖာျပပါ)…. 4 __________________________________

ေမးျမနးရနအကး၀ငေသာအမးသမးဥးေရႏငေမးျမနးၿပးသညအမးသမးဥးေရ၊ေမးျမနးရနအကး၀ငေသာ(၅)ႏစေအာကကေလးဥးေရႏင ေမးျမနးၿပးသညကေလးဥးေရတ႕ကကညမႈရ/မရစစေဆး၍မကကညပါကထပမေမးျမနးျဖညသြငးပါ။ထ႕ေနာကေကးဇးတငေၾကာငး ေျပာၾကား၍ေနာကတစအမသ႕ဆကပါ။

population-based maternal and child health survey ... · population-based maternal and child health...

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