polymeric grids rm~presentation
DESCRIPTION
ZidariiTRANSCRIPT
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REINFORCED MASONRY
WITH POLYMER GRIDSMasonry Buildings without RC Members
Prof. Daniel STOICA
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Great Natural Catastrophes
Number of Great Natural Catastrophes
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Great Natural Catastrophes
Economic losses in billion dollars
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Great Natural Catastrophes
Dynamics of the number and economic losses
along five decades of the last century
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Great Natural Catastrophes
Number and economic losses in 2000
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Great Natural Catastrophes
Long term effects of catastrophes
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European Macroseismic Scale EMS-98
Grade 5: Destruction
Grade 1: Slight damage
Grade 2: Moderate damage
Grade 3: Heavy damage
Grade 4:
Very heavy damage
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE9,000 years ago - PALESTINE: Brick Masonry
MASONRY: Brittle Brick + Ductile Mortar
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Question:
How and Why masonry as a construction material
was lasting so long?
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Theory of Dislocation
The two models: one for force as vector (Newton) and another for stress as tensor (Pascal)
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Theory of Dislocation
Concentration of stresses around a fault
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Theory of Dislocation
Variation of stress with area for a constant force:
Bernoulli’s Hyperbola
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EUROCODE 2: Ductility
Typical stress-strain curve for steel reinforcement
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Answer:
Due to its ductility masonry is endowed with the capacity of self-protection by adaptation in time
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CEMENT – the first discover of
Industrial Revolution
against masonryCORED BRICKS – the second
discovery of Industrial Revolution against masonry
HISTORY OF SCIENCE
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Question:
Shall the factories producing cement
and cored bricks
be closed?
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Eurocode 8 Provisions :
1. Reinforcing with steel reinforcement embeded in cement mortars
2.Confining with RC structural members
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MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF PLASTICITY
a. Vertical force P b. Horizontal force Q
Prandtl’s Model - 1923
Limit state of tangential stresses
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Shear compression diagram
P
Relation between compression and shear ,
where k is the maximum value of tangential stress
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Final solution of the state of stresses in the mortar layer
MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF PLASTICITY
Normal stress σx in x direction for y = 0
Normal stress σx in x direction for y = ±b
Normal stress σy in x direction
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MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF PLASTICITY
Variation of stresses on the thickness of mortar layer
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Force of expulsion and prevention measure
Bed joint reinforced with polymer grid Reinforcement layout
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Answer: No
By reinforcing masonry with polymer grids its
original capacity of self-protection is entirely restored
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BASIC CONCEPT OF REINFORCING MASONRY
Isometric view of masonry structural member reinforced in horizontal layers
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TENSAR®
Polymer Grids of high Strength and Density
with
Integrated Joints
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Tensar® process
Performances of TENSAR grids - Bucharest 2001
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dANA
fA
N
Bernoulli’s equilateral hyperbola
A f= constant
p = bf = constant
Performances of TENSAR grids - Bucharest 2001
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Congruence of Bernoulli’s hyperbola
Geometry of mono-axial grids Geometry of biaxial grids
Performances of TENSAR grids - Bucharest 2001
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Performances of TENSAR grids - Bucharest 2001
Mechanism of stress transfer around integrated joints
Shear forces developed around integrated joints
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Performances of TENSAR grids - Bucharest 2001
Geometric Characteristics of Tensar SS Grids
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Stress – Strain Diagrams
Performances of TENSAR grids - Bucharest 2001
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STATIC TESTS
on 1D models of
Short Columns
and 2D models of
Wall PanelsEC Peco Project 1994/96
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EQ Engineering Laboratory of INCERC Iasi
Short columns of plain and reinforced masonry
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EQ Engineering Laboratory of INCERC Iasi
Wall panels of plain and reinforced masonry/plaster submitted to axial compression
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EQ Engineering Laboratory of INCERC Iasi
Wall panels of plain and reinforced masonry/plaster submitted to diagonal tension
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EQ Engineering Laboratory of INCERC Iasi
Short columns of reinforced and confined masonry submitted to axial compression
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EQ Engineering Laboratory of INCERC Iasi
Wall panels of confined masonry submitted to axial compression and diagonal tension
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EC Peco Project 1994/96
SEISMIC TESTS
on 3D models of
Masonry Buildings
without RC members
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
3D model of a masonry building without RC members before and after testing
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
3D model of a masonry building without RC members confined by two belts of reinforced plaster
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Test on the shaking table at 14 dB
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Seismic response of the model before and after repair
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E U R O Q U A K EEC Inco Copernicus Project 1997/99
PSEUDO-DYNAMIC TESTS on 2D models
of Masonry Infills
without RC members
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Set up infill models of wall panels without openings
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Layout of reinforced masonry infill without openings
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
The wall panel without openings prepared for testing
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Damage pattern in the plain masonry infill without openings after occurring the failure mechanism
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Pseudo-dynamic test with a frequency of 5 Hz
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Damage pattern in the reinforced masonry infill without openings after the failure mechanism
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Comparative hysteretic diagrams for wall panels without openings of plain and reinforced masonry
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Envelope curves for the wall panels without openings
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Set up infill models of wall panels with two openings
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Layout of reinforced masonry infill with two openings
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Vertically perforated bricks and the polymer grid used as reinforcement in the testing program
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Reinforced masonry wall panel with openings confined with polymer grids Tensar SS30 before plastering
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Pseudo-dynamic test with a frequency of 5 Hz
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Damage pattern in the plain masonry infill with openings after occurring the failure mechanism
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Damage pattern in the reinforced masonry infill with openings after occurring the failure mechanism
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Comparative hysteretic diagrams for wall panels with openings of plain and reinforced masonry
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Reaction Wall of ELSA – JRC Ispra (Varese), Italy
Envelope curves for the wall panels with two openings
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E U R O Q U A K EEC Inco Copernicus Project 1997/99
SEISMIC TESTS on 3D Models of Buildings
with RC frames and
Masonry infills
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Masonry infill reinforced in bed layers with polymer grids Tensar SS20
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
3D model of a RC frame with masonry infills reinforced in bed layers before testing
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
3D model of a RC frame with masonry infills reinforced in bed layers before testing
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Test on the shaking table at 8 dB
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Ground floor infill without openings
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Cracks in the lower joint of RC frame
No X cracks in the reinforced masonry
infill
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Cracks in the middle joint of RC frame
No X cracks in the reinforced masonry
infill
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Cracks in the upper joint of RC frame
No X cracks in the reinforced masonry
infill
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Deepening the bed joints
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Plastic tubes for the fixing devices
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Masonry wall prepared for installing the grids
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Installing the grids over masonry infill and RC frame
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Details of installed grids
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
The wall after installing the grids
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Wrapping around the grids
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Manual Plastering
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
3D model of a RC frame with masonry infills after confining and before the second series of tests
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Test on the shaking table at 0 dB
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Cracks in the middle joint of RC frame; no X cracks
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Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
Cracks in the upper joint of RC frame; no X cracks
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Comparative Analysis – SAP 2000
NUMERICAL VALIDATION
of the Tests on Physical Models
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Comparative analysis –SAP 2000
Reference model
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Comparative analysis – SAP 2000
The three models considered in comparative analysis
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Comparative analysis –SAP 2000
Corresponding drifts and overturning moments
Maximum response displacements
Maximum response velocities and accelerations
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Comparative analysis – SAP 2000
Time history of displacements at the first level of reference model
Time history of velocities at the first level of reference model
Time history of accelerations at the first level of reference model
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Comparative analysis – SAP 2000
Time history of kinetic energy at the first level of reference model
Time history of dissipated energy at the first level of reference model
Time history of potential energy at the first level of reference model
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Comparative analysis – SAP 2000
Influence of synthetic reinforcement on lateral deformation (a) and drift (b)
Inelastic response spectra of displacements for PGA=0.20 and r = QYB/QEB
Inelastic response spectra of accelerations for PGA=0.20 and r = QYB/QEB
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Comparative analysis –SAP 2000
Inelastic response spectra of velocities for PGA=0.20 and r = QYB/QEB
Inelastic response spectra of input energy for PGA=0.20 and r = QYB/QEB
Inelastic response spectra of kinetic energy for PGA=0.20 and r = QYB/QEB
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ECOLEADER - Seriate 2001
SEISMIC TESTS
on 3D models of
Masonry Buildings
without RC members
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The model of cored brick masonry with a curved
wall without openings and covered with a RC slab
without belt
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Plan of the shaking table and basic steel frame
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
![Page 93: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Plan of the model at levels 0.00 and 2480 mm
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
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Plan of the model at level 510 mm
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
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Plan of the model at the level 1500 mm
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
![Page 96: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Coordinates of the three centers of reference
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Center of Table:
CT (x=-140; y=0.00; z= -300)
Center of Gravity:CG (x=0.00; y=61.0; z=1665)
Center of Rotation:CR (x=0.00; y=1305; z=2000)
![Page 97: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Shaking Table of
ISMES Bergamo,
Italy
Installing the model of cored brick
masonry reinforced in bed layers on the
shaking table
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The model of cored brick masonry prepared for testing program
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 99: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Testing program of the model of cored brick masonryreinforced only in bed layers
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 100: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Shaking Table of
ISMES Bergamo,
Italy
The curved wall of the model after test
![Page 101: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
The model after the first series of tests
![Page 102: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Map of cracks on Western Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
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Map of cracks on Southern Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
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Map of cracks on Northern Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
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Map of cracks on Eastern Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
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The model of cored brick masonry after confining
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 107: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Testing program of the model of cored brick masonryafter confining
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 108: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
The model of cored brick masonry after confining prepared for testing program
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 109: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Map of cracks on Western Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 110: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Map of cracks on Southern Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
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Map of cracks on Northern Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
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Map of cracks on Eastern Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 113: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Cracks on the outer walls of model
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 114: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Cracks around the inner corner of curved wall
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 115: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Crush of the cored bricks during tests while the polymer grids remained integer
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 116: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
The model of solid brick masonry with vaulted openings and covered with a wooden slab without any RC belt
![Page 117: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Plan of the shaking table and basic steel frame
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
![Page 118: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Plan of the model at levels 0.00 and 2480 mm
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
![Page 119: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Plan of the model at level 390 mm
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
![Page 120: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Plan of the model at level 840 mm
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
![Page 121: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Coordinates of the three centers of reference
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Center of Table:
CT (x=-160; y= 140; z= -300)
Center of Gravity:CG (x= 417; y=0.00; z= 1450)
Center of Rotation:CR (x=1485; y=0.00; z= 870)
![Page 122: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
The model of solid brick masonry prepared for testing program
![Page 123: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Testing program of the model of solid brick masonryreinforced only in bed layers
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 124: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
The model after the first series of tests
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 125: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Map of the outside cracks on Western Front
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 126: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Map of the outside cracks on Southern-left and Northern-right Fronts
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 127: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Map of the outside cracks on Eastern Front
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 128: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Installing the model of solid brick masonry
after confiningon the shaking table
Shaking Table of ISMES
Bergamo, Italy
![Page 129: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Testing program of the model of solid brick masonryafter confining
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 130: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
The model of solid brick masonry after confining prepared for testing program
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 131: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Map of cracks on Western Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 132: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Map of cracks on Southern Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 133: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Map of cracks on Northern Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 134: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Map of cracks on Eastern Front: outside-left; inside-right
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 135: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
The model after the second series of tests
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 136: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
The model after the second series of tests
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 137: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
The model after the second series of tests
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 138: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
Failure pattern in Tensar SS20 after 18 dB = 1.96 g
Shaking Table of ISMES Bergamo, Italy
![Page 139: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Comparative Analysis – SAP 2000
NUMERICAL VALIDATION
of the Tests on Physical Models
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July 2001
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers
![Page 141: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers:First mode of vibration
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
![Page 142: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
S11 (11) –Front wall, Sidewall and Back wall
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
![Page 143: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers: Second mode of vibration
![Page 144: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S22 (22) –Front wall, Sidewall and Back wall
![Page 145: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers: Third mode of vibration
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Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S33 (33) –Front wall, Sidewall and Back wall
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November 2001
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced in
bed layers and confined
![Page 148: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced in bed layers and confined: First mode of vibration
![Page 149: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S11 (11) –Front wall, Sidewall and Back wall
![Page 150: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced in bed layers and confined: Second mode of vibration
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Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S22 (22) –Front wall, Sidewall and Back wall
![Page 152: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced in bed layers and confined: Third mode of vibration
![Page 153: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S33 (33) –Front wall, Sidewall and Back wall
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July 2001
Model of solid brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers
![Page 155: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of solid brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers: First mode of vibration
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Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S11 (11) –Front wall, Sidewall and Back wall
![Page 157: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of solid brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers: Second mode of vibration
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Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]S22 (22) –Front wall, Sidewall; Back wall
![Page 159: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of solid brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers: Third mode of vibration
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Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S33 (22) –Front wall, Sidewall and Back wall
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November 2001
Model of solid brick masonry reinforced in
bed layers and confined
![Page 162: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of solid brick masonry reinforced in bed layers and confined: First mode of vibration
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Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S11 (11) –Front wall, Sidewall; Back wall
![Page 164: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced in bed layers and confined: Second mode of vibration
![Page 165: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S22 (22) –Front wall, Sidewall; Back wall
![Page 166: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced in bed layers and confined: Third mode of vibration
![Page 167: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
[kPa]
S33 (33) –Front wall, Sidewall; Back wall
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Dissipated Energy
during
Seismic Excitation
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Model of cored brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers: Mass Damping Energy
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
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Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of cored brick masonry reinforced in bed layers and confined: Mass Damping Energy
![Page 171: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of solid brick masonry reinforced only in bed layers: Mass Damping Energy
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Masonry Buildings without RC Members
Model of solid brick masonry reinforced in bed layers and confined: Mass Damping Energy
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Model of cored brick masonry: increase of dissipation capacity after confining
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
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Model of solid brick masonry: increase of dissipation capacity after confining
Masonry Buildings without RC Members
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Study Cases
Romanian Ministry of Public Works
TECHNICAL AGREEMENT008 – 01/017 - 1999
Based on decision Nr. 908016 / 8.12.1999
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September 1999
First Application:
Nuci, Ilfov County
Retrofitting a two story building with RC frames
built in 1929
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Preparing the surfaces on
the front side
First Application1999
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Preparing the surfaces
Preparing the surfaces on the lateral side
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Installing the grids on the walls of ground floor
with special care for inner corner
First Application1999
![Page 180: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
Installing the grids on the walls of ground floor
with special care for inner corner
First Application1999
![Page 181: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
Reinforcing the wall under the opening for window
![Page 182: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
July 2001
Second Application:
BucharestStr. Av. Gh. Stalpeanu 21
Retrofitting a two story building without RC built in 1934
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Preparing the surfaces for installing the grids
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Preparing the surfaces for
installing the grids
Second Application
2001
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Preparing the surfaces for
installing the grids
Second Application
2001
![Page 186: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
Preparing the surfaces for installing the grids
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Preparing the surfaces for
installing the grids
Second Application
2001
![Page 188: Polymeric Grids RM~presentation](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051215/55cf8cbb5503462b138f59f1/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
Installing the grids over the round corner
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Installing the grids over the round
corner
Second Application
2001