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POLLUTION PREVENTION AND POLLUTION PREVENTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND ACTIVITIES IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS ACTIVITIES IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION REGION Dr. Frank Griffin University of Papua New Guinea

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Page 1: POLLUTION PREVENTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ...sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/dsd/resources/res...proposal for waste management Assisting countries improve their disposal facilities

POLLUTION PREVENTION AND POLLUTION PREVENTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND 

ACTIVITIES IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS ACTIVITIES IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS  REGIONREGION

Dr. Frank Griffin

University of Papua New Guinea

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The Pacific RegionThe Pacific Region

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The RegionThe Region

is as large as it is diverse;

Its 22 countries and territories are spread  over an area of 30 million square kilometers;

Covers almost a sixth of the earth’s surface;

Only two percent of this area consists of  land mass taking the form of about 7,500  islands, 500 of which are inhabited;

These islands range from large volcanic  landforms with steep and mountainous  terrain to low‐lying, coral‐based atolls

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The countries and territoriesThe countries and territories

14 PICs:

Cook Islands, Fiji, Federated States of  Micronesia, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Palau, 

Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands,  Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

7 Territories:

American Samoa, French  Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Northern 

Marianas, Pitcairn Island, Tokelau, Wallis &  Futuna

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Some of waste management  practices that have been used  in the region include…

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Inorganic waste disposal system, Atafu, Tokelau

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Inorganic waste disposal system, Kiribati

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Island waste disposal site, Kiribati

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Tavua Rubbish Dump, Fiji

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Port Vila Dump, Vanuatu

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Baruni dump, Port Moresby, PNG

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Ranadi dump, Honiara, Solomon Islands

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Majuro dump site, Marshall Islands

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Managed chemical store, Lakena, Fiji

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Chemical storage, Aitutaki, Cook Islands

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Young boy swimming in polluted water

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Why Pollution Prevention & Waste Why Pollution Prevention & Waste  Management?Management?

Pollution has…

been recognized in the region as one of the 

major threats to sustainable development

direct influence of the quality of people’s 

lives

direct and indirect linkage to economic 

prosperity

linkages to social aspects of life of the 

people in the region

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Because of such concerns…

Important to put in place adequate 

measures to combat growing source and  extent of pollution

Without these, the Pacific islands’

efforts to  maintain healthy societies, to stimulate 

tourism, development and new investment  and a sustainable future for its people may  be severely undermined.

Regional and national priorities and  activities have been developed to address 

this most pressing of environmental issues

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The Pollution Prevention & Waste The Pollution Prevention & Waste Management ProgrammeManagement Programme

The work currently carried out in this  programme is concentrated on three  main focal areas:

Shipping‐related marine pollution

Hazardous materials management

Solid waste management. 

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Focus Area: Focus Area: ShippingShipping--related related Marine PollutionMarine Pollution

Objective:To assist countries to:

effectively manage marine pollution  through the development; and

improvement of regulatory frameworks,  management systems and operational 

procedures

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Regional activities are assisting Regional activities are assisting  countriescountries……

Put in place Effective Marine Spill  Contingency planning, preparedness and 

response mechanisms

Preparing Regional Strategy to address  Shipping related Invasive species

Improve their environmental management  of the ports by providing technical advice

Put in place Effective Measures to address  marine pollution from shipwrecks

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Focus Area: Focus Area:  Hazardous Material Hazardous Material 

ManagementManagement

Objective:To assess and enhance:countries’

capacities for effective 

management of hazardous materials, including eliminating hazards posed by 

existing waste stockpiles and improve compliance with international 

convention requirements

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Regional activities are assisting Regional activities are assisting  countriescountries……

Clean up the stockpiles of chemicals such  as the work under the Persistent Organic  Pollutants in Pacific Island Countries (POPs 

in PICs) project

Develop their National Implementation  Plans (NIPs) as part of the requirement for 

the Stockholm Convention on POPs

Training countries better comply with  regional and global MEAs

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Phase I of POPs in PICsPhase I of POPs in PICs……

Involved a survey of 13  Pacific Island Countries

to identify the  stockpiles of the POPs

Other intractable  pesticides

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Phase II of POPs in PICsPhase II of POPs in PICs……Involved…

the reconnaissance assessment of POPs  Chemicals and Intractable pesticides

Collection, packaging, storage and physical  removal of these by ship to Australia for 

destruction in an ESM

This work happened July 2003 –

November  2006

All of this was funded by the Government of  Australia

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Focus Area:Focus Area: Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management

Objective:

To build and enhance:

countries’

capacities to manage land‐ based pollution sources, especially 

solid waste and sewage

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Regional activities areRegional activities are……Based around the following:

i. Development of national solid waste 

management legislation, policies, strategies  and plans advocated and supported

ii. Development and implementation of 

guidelines and programs to minimise solid  waste supported

iii.

Development and implementation of  appropriate technologies and processes to 

optimize solid waste disposal promoted

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Regional activities areRegional activities are……

Based on the following…

iv. National capacity development for solid 

waste management supported

v. Leveraging financial resources to support 

solid waste management initiatives  supported

vi. Education and information dissemination 

for behaviour change supported

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Regional activities are assisting Regional activities are assisting  countriescountries……

In training relevant government personnel  to:

Improve their managerial skills of  solid waste

To provide assistance in improving 

the  landfill facilities and their management

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Regional actions also provideRegional actions also provide……

Technical advise and services on:

Pollution prevention outputs

New and emerging issues regarding   pollution prevention

Assistance in developing technical  proposal for waste management

Assisting countries improve their  disposal facilities

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The upgrading of the Samoan open dump to  a sanitary landfill was completed (usingThe 

Fukuoka method)

This upgrade is planned to be used as a  regional model for land‐based waste 

disposal facility

Similar systems have now been established  in FSM, Palau and Vanuatu

Work is progressing on building new ones in  Solomon Islands, PNG, Fiji

In 2005In 2005……

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BeforeBefore

AfterAfter

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Funding for this was  provided by JICA

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Current priority issues in the Current priority issues in the  PacificPacific……

Waste management on atoll countries

Lack of practical national solid waste  management plans and strategies

Lack of controls on chemicals and other  hazardous substance imported into the region

Increasing quantities and diversity of solid  waste

Increasing populations in most PICs

Increasing population densities

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Constraints in the PICsConstraints in the PICs……

Limited funding and resources – lack of  proper and predictable finances

Limited land areas in small islands

Limited availability of appropriate  infrastructure

Limited capacity to manage the range of  pollutants, including solid waste

Lack of political support and will

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Our pleaOur plea……

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Our paradiseOur paradise……