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Political SystemGPWESPolitical Parties Single Party System: China, Cuba, North Korea, Dual Party System: USA, UK, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Multi-Party System: France, Germany, India, Canada, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Brazil, Russia, MexicoPolitical IdeologyPolitical ideologies have two dimensions:Goals: How society should be organized.Methods: The most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

Types of Political IdeologiesIdeologies are the sets of basic beliefs about the political, economic, social and cultural affairs held by the majority of people within as society.Absolutism.System where the rulers have unlimited control.Anarchism.Society without government, laws, police or other authority. System of self-control.Aristocracy.The privilege of social class whose members possess disproportionately large percentage of society's wealth, prestige and political influence.Autocracy.Supreme political power is in the hands of one person whose decision are unregulated..Capitalism. Right-wing political system where the principle means of production and distribution are in private hands.Communism. Extreme left-wing ideology based on the revolutionary socialist teachings of Marx. Collective ownership and a planned economy. Each should work to their capability and receive according to their needs.

Conti..Types of Political IdeologiesConservatism.Governmental system where the existing institution are maintained, emphasizing free-enterprise and minimal governmental intervention.Democracy.Government by the people usually through elected representatives.Dictatorship.Government by a single person with absolute control over the resources of the state.Egalitaranism.Belief where all citizens have equal rights and privileges.fascism. Extreme right-wing ideology where the existing social order is protected by the forcible suppression of the working class.Imperialism.The extension of power and rule beyond established geographical boundaries.Liberalism.Representative government, free-speech, abolition of class privilege and state protection of the individual.Marxism.Developed by Marx and Engles, it proposes that all is subject to change and resistance to change necessitates the overthrow of the system through class struggle.Maoism.Interpretation of Marxist communism emphasizing the development of agriculture.Conti..Types of Political IdeologiesMonarchy.A form of rule in which the head of state is a King or Queen.Nationalism.The unification of the state and release from foreign rule.Oligarchy.A system of government in which virtually all power is held a small number of wealthy people who shape policy to benefit themselves.Populism.Collective noun for the ideologies which demand the redistribution of political power and economic leadership to the 'common people'.Socialism. Left-wing political system where the principle means of production, distribution and exchange are in common ownership.Theocracy.Rule by the church.Totalitarianism.Government control of all activities.Trotskyism.Form of Marxism incorporating the concept of permanent revolution.THE LEFTLiberty. The freedom of speech and the right to dissent.Equality. A classless society with the redistribution of wealth through a welfare state.Fraternity. The communal brotherhood, working and living as one.THE RIGHTAuthority. The preservation of order through an evolved authority.Hierarchy. The continuation of the existing social order.Property. The right to private ownership.

Ideologies of Political PartiesIdeologies and specific worldviews are of particular relevance for political parties. Ideologies are comprehensive visions of societies and social developments, which contain explanations, values, and goals for past, present and future developments. Ideologies inspire and justify political and social action.Ideologies of Political PartiesIdeologies focused on the individual person: Liberalism, Neo-liberalism, Conservatism, Christian DemocracyEgalitarian ideologies :Socialism, Communism, Marxism, Euro-communism, Neo-MarxismIdeologies focused on the collective :Socialism, Democratic Socialism, Social Democracy, Communism, Marxism, National SocialismIdeologies focused on ethnicity or nationality:Nationalism, Zionism, Regionalism, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Slavism, Fascism, Neo-Fascism, Clerical-Fascism, National-Socialism, Racism, Imperialism, Colonialism, Social-DarwinismIdeologies focused on tradition :Conservatism, Christian Democracy, Neo-ConservatismIdeologies based on religions :Christian Socialism, Christian Democracy, Clerical-Fascism, Islamism, Neo-HinduismTotalitarian ideologies :National Socialism, Communism, Islamism, Marxism-Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism, Other ideologies :Green Politics, Ecologism, Internationalism, Cosmopolites, Pacifism, Republicanism, Humanism, FeminismPolitical SystemSome of the five more common political systems around the world include:DemocracyRepublicMonarchyCommunismDictatorship

DemocracyIn a democracy, every citizen can participate in this process by freely acceding information about political issues, by openly expressing the own opinion on public affairs, by formulating expectations, proposals or requirements without fear of repression, by voting in elections, by engaging in civil society organisations or political parties, or by standing up as a candidate in democratic elections. In this way, democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people, in the a famous words of Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America from 1861-65

DemocracyThere are two rather popular types of democracy:Direct Democracy: Many scholars point to Athens as an example of direct democrary. Technically, every citizen has an equal say in the workings of government. (The qualifications for being considered a citizen are completely different.) Citizens could show up at a meeting, and then directly participate in the governing process, and the process of making laws.Representative Democracy: citizens elect representatives who actually make the law. The United States operates similarly to this principle. Citizens elect legislators who, in turn, make laws. In the U.S., even the president isnt elected directly; representatives called electors make the decision (although designated electors usually vote according to the wishes of the citizens in their states).Other types of democracy include versions known as deliberative democracy, in which citizens approach decision making by considering different viewpoints and options, as well asdemocratic socialism, in which citizens help make decisions or vote for policies that are socialistic in nature. There are other types of democracy as well. The defining characteristic is some level of citizen participation in the political system.

RepublicIn theory, a republic is a political system in which the government remains mostly subject to those governed. Some of the types of republics that you might see include:Crowned (a constitutional monarchy might be considered a Crowned republic)Single PartyCapitalistFederal (the United States is often referred to as a federal republic)Parliamentary

MonarchyWhen most of us think of a monarchy, we think of the political systems of medieval European countries. In a monarchy, a ruler is not usually chosen by the voice of the people or their representatives. Often a monarch is the head of state until he or she abdicates or until death. In many cases a monarch is the final word in government. There may be functionaries to make decisions and run the political system, but the monarch has discretion with the laws, and how they are enforced.

Constitutional monarchies fall into this category (and are sometimes considered republics as well). In this type of monarchy, the ruler is the head of state, but a constitution limits the power, and others make laws. The U.K., Denmark, Kuwait, Spain, Sweden, and many more are examples of constitutional monarchies.

CommunismIn most cases, a communist state is based on the ideology of communism as taught byMarx . Communist states are often dominated by a single party, or a group of people. A planned economy is often part of the governing class, and in many cases resources are taken and then redistributed to others, at the top of the system. Sometimes communists call themselves workers states or socialist, but there are very real differences in their operation. In a lot of cases, citizens are required to do certain jobs, or have some of their life decisions especially concerning where they can live and what jobs they can do. Communism is often considered an authoritarian political system.Socialism is a bi-product of CommunismDictatorshipNormally, a dictator is the main individual ruling the country. He or she makes most of the decisions, and usually has enforcers. In some cases, the political system is run by a small group of people. Dictators are not restricted by constitutions or parliaments. The governed are usually not consented in any way. Elections held are usually affairs in which the dictator is the only candidate.One of the more common types of dictatorship is the military dictatorship, in which a military organization governs, running the political system. Sometimes, the military just exerts a great deal of pressure on the government, running the country de facto. In many cases, very few benefit from the decisions made in a dictatorship.While authoritarian political systems have the advantage of quick decisions being made, many citizens prefer other forms of government those that allow them greater participation in the political process.Saddam Hussein - Iraq