Political Revolutions

England

English Revolution

• Stuarts of Scotland– James I

• Forced the Anglican Religion on the people of England

• Dismissed Parliament for 10 years

• Ruled by Divine Right

James I

English Revolution

• Charles I succeeds the throne when his father, James I died.– Was a Divine Right

Monarch

– 1628 calls Parliament back after 10 years to raise money to fight a war

– Signs Petition of Right

English Revolution

• Charles I, does not get the funds he desired from Parliament, so he dismisses it and does not recognize the Petition of Right

English Revolution

• Once again Charles I needed money to fund a war and calls Parliament back– Parliament has the

King agree to regular Parliament meeting and to abolish The Star Chamber

– The King agrees then dismisses it a year later

English Revolution

• Civil War– Crown were the

Cavaliers led by Charles I

– Parliament were the roundheads who was led by Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell

English Revolution

• New Model Army– Developed by

Cromwell• Was disciplined and

had qualified officers rather than officers that were there because of birth

The English Civil War

Cromwell’s New Model Army defeats the Cavaliers

• Charles I is put on trial for treason and found guilty

• Charles I was beheaded

English Revolution

• Cromwell as leader– Dismisses Parliament

and becomes dictator

– Was from Puritan minority who wanted austere life

• Read Bible in spare time

• He dies and son inherits leadership

English Revolution

• Stuarts back in power– Parliament wants to

return to monarchy – Charles II assumes

throne• Brings more fun for

people• Helps people after the

London Fire of 1666• Begins working with

Parliament

Charles II

English Revolution

• Glorious Revolution– Charles II dies and his

brother James II assumes throne

– Parliament fears the country would become Catholic because he appoints many Catholics to positions of power

• Suspended the Act of Habeas Corpus

James II

English Revolution

• Glorious Revolution– Fearing ascension of

James’ son who was Catholic, Parliament offers the throne to his daughter from his first marriage Mary

• William lands with army and forces James to flee to France

William and Mary

English Revolution

• William and Mary accept Parliament’s Declaration of Rights– Sets up limited or

constitutional monarchy

English Revolution

• Glorious Revolution– It was called a glorious

revolution because no shots were fired

– William and Mary become dual rulers of England

• Accepts the Declaration of Right which limits the power of the monarch.

John Locke