polio - youth awareness programme
TRANSCRIPT
STUDENT:- WHAT IS POLIO?
TEACHER:-Polio is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by
poliovirus that can attack the central nerves system. The infection
can be mild and almost unnoticed or severe enough to cause
muscle paralysis and death. The virus attacks the motor areas of
the central nervous system. By destroying the nerve cells in the
spinal cord, the virus can cause muscles activated by those
nerves to become paralyzed. If the virus damages nerves high up
in the spinal cord, it can also affect the respiratory muscles and
compromise a person's ability to breathe. The result is death by
respiratory failure in 2 to 10 percent of paralytic polio cases.
THREE TYPES OF POLIO VIRUS
STUDENT:- WHERE IS POLIO FOUND?
TEACHER:- Before the availability of polio immunization, polio was
common worldwide. However, with strong immunization programs
and efforts to rid the world of polio, circulation of polio viruses is
limited to a decreasing number of countries. The greatest risk is
now in the Indian subcontinent and to a lesser extent, in West and
Central Africa.
STUDENT:- HOW DO PEOPLE GET POLIO?
TEACHER:- The polio virus lives in the throat and intestinal tract of
infected persons. The virus enters the body through the mouth,
usually from hands contaminated with the stool of an infected
person. Objects, such as eating utensils, can also spread the virus.
Food and water are not through to play a major role in the spread
of polio.
STUDENT:- WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF POLIO?
TEACHER:- The virus attacks the nerve cells that control muscle
movements. Many People infected with the virus have few or no
symptoms. Others have short –term symptoms, such as headache,
tiredness, fever, stiff neck and back and muscle pain. More serious
problems happens when the virus invades nerves in the brain and
cause paralysis of the muscles used in swallowing and breathing.
Invasion of the nerves in the spinal cord can cancause paralysis of
the arms, legs, or trunk.
STUDENT:- HOW SOON AFTER EXPOSURE DO SYMPTOMS
APPEAR?
TEACHER:- Symptoms usually start 7 to 14 days after exposure to
the virus. Infected persons are most contagious from a few days
before to a few days after the start of symptoms. However, person
with polio can spread the infection for as long as the virus is in
their throat or stool. The virus can be found in the throat for about 1
week after infection and in the stool for 6 weeks or longer.
STUDENT:- HOW IS POLIO DIAGNOSED?
TEACHER:- Polio is diagnosed by a blood test or culture
BLOOD TEST CULTURE TEST
STUDENT:- WHO IS AT RISK FOR POLIO?
TEACHER:- Polio is most common in infants and young
children, but complications occur most often in older persons.
STUDENT:- WHAT COMPLICATIONS CAN RESULT FROM POLIO?
TEACHER:- Complications include paralysis, most commonly of the
legs. Paralysis of the muscles that control breathing and
swallowing can be fatal. In very rare cases, the oral vaccine used
to prevent polio can cause polio paralysis in persons who are
vaccinated(1 in every 8.1 million doses) and in people who are
close contacts of a vaccinated person(1 in every 5 million doses).
About 8 to 9 cases of parapytic polio caused by the oral vaccine
have been reported in the united states yearly.
STUDENT:- WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR POLIO?
TEACHER:-There is no treatment for polio patient must
receive expert medical care, especially at the beginning
of the illness.
STUDENT:- HOW CAN POLIO BE PREVENTED?
TEACHER:- Two types of polio vaccine are available: ORAL POLIO
VACCINE (OPV) and INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE(IPV)
•ORAL POLIO VACCINE(OPV) : - It is made with a live but weakened
virus. OPV protects vaccinated persons directly. And also protects
other susceptible persons who are indirectly “vaccinated” as the
vaccine virus spread in the community.
•INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE(IPV) :- It is given by injection. It
protects vaccinated persons as well as OPV, but it is not believed to
be as effective as OPV in preventing the spread of polio virus among
non-vaccinated persons.
STUDENT:- ANY RECOMMENDED SCHEDULE FOR POLIO VACCINATION?
TEACHER:- Yes, for children, was two two doses of IPV at 2 and 4 months
of age. Followed by two doses of OPV at 12 -18 months and 4 -6 years. This
schedule is expected to reduce the small number of polio cases casused
by the oral vaccine IPV can be given at 2,4 and 12-18 months and 4-6 years.
OPV can be given at 2,4 and 6-10 months, and 4-6 years. Parents and
doctors can choose among the three schedules.
Booster doses of polio vaccine are also recommended for persons
traveling to areas of the world where polio is still a problem.
YEAR REPORTED CASES
1980 18'975
1981 38'090
1982 26'297
1983 24'663
1984 23'107
1985 22'570
1986 20'150
1987 28'264
1988 23'800
1989 13'915
1990 10'408
1991 5'896
YEAR REPORTED CASES
1992 9'395
1993 4'237
1994 4'791
1995 3'263
1996 1'005
1997 2'275
1998 4'322
1999 2'817
2000 265
2001 268
2002 1'600
2003 225
STUDENT:- WHAT IS OUR VIDYALAYA CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS
PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME?
TEACHER:- Our Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya , Betul Scouts and Guides
students Participating every year in pulse polio immunization
programme in and around Prabhat pattan. These are some glimpse .
1. Microsoft encarta
2. Britannica 2001
3. www.who.int
4. www.immunize.org
5. www.rotari.org
6. www.ghanawho.org