PolioProduced by; Mamvura, Mosheshe ,Thatho,Sekonyana,Mokoena a

nd Matlapaneng

Date: 05/10/2012

Is notifiable disease also communicable.. A virus that causes congestion and oedema in the nerve cells especially the spinal cord and the brainstem. The cell damage maybe recoverable or there maybe permanent changes..

Defination: Polio

PolioVirus 1 (Brunhilda)- associated with paralytic illness.

PolioVirus2 (Lansing)-seldom associated with paralytic illness.

PolioVirus3 (Leon)-not often associated with Paralytic illness.

Causative Organism

Between 7-14 days.

Incubation Period

Reservoir:Man Method of spread: via the respiratory

tract , and via contaminated food and milk. The virus will then be ingested and can be ingested and can be found in feaces.

Mode of transmission

1. The pre-paralytic stage. Onset sudden,symptoms of slight cold. Patient develops fever,severe headache and

depression. Signs of meningeal irritation:neck

rigidity,photophobia. Muscles are tender and painful,and patient

is very restless.

Signs and symptoms.

2.Paralytic phase. After 24-48 hours the temperature falls

and paralysis sets in. It is assymmetrically distributed. Few of several groups of muscles can be affected . Involves the legs more than arm and called flaccily paralysis. Limbs becomes thin.

Pain and muscle tenderness may persit.

Signs and symptoms.

3.Post-paralytic phase. The asymmetrically paralysed muscle lead

to orthopeadic problems such as socoliosis.dropped foot or shortening of a limp.

Signs and symptoms.

On lummbar puncture the C.S.F will show an increase in the number of the white cells i.e leucocytosis. The diagnosis is made according to the clinical picture: flaccid paralysis of a limb or part of a limb.

Improvement usually takes place over the next few months . But it may take as long as a year before the maximum recovery has been obtained.in some cases paralysis remains.

Diagnosis:

Primary prevention. Health education with regard to the following - The need for vaccination.- Immunization is compulsory. During an epidemic ,trauma of any kind should be avoided

.e.g tooth extractions,tonsillectomies etc Gathering of crowds of people must be prevented during an epidemic.

Satisfactory refuse and sewage waste disposal. Good housing facilities: improvement of socio-economic

conditions. Pure water and food supply. Pastureurization of milk.

Prevention of Disease:

Improved nutrition to raise the resistance of the population.

Treat signs and symptoms. Isolate infected patient. Hospitalisation of infected patients. Bedrest using cradle to elevate weight of

blankets on the affected leg Do not stretch paralysed muscle because it can

cause permanent damage. Passive exercise when muscles become tender

under the supervision of the physiotherapist .

(Secondary prevention)

1.Sedatives for restlessness.2.Analgesics to relieve pain.3Antibiotics may be ordered to prevent

secondary infection.

Treatment of disease:

Tertiary prevention. This includes :Rehabilition,re-education

and provision of facilities to limit disabilities.

As patient improves may need services such as-Physiotherapy.

-Occupational therapy. -special orthopadaedic appliances. -psychological support

Prevention of Disease:

1. Permanent paralysis. 2.Malformation of limbs. 3.Bronchopneumonia. 4.Respiratory failure. 5.Urinary tract infection may lead to

formation of calcium phosphate stones.

Complications:

END OF PRESENTATION KEA LEBOHA!!!!