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UNIT GUIDE 2017-18

POLI30023 Contemporary Chinese Foreign Policy Teaching Block: 1

Weeks: 1-12

Unit Owner: Prof. Yongjin Zhang Level: H/6

Phone: 01179288518 Credit points: 20

Email: yongjin.zhang@bristol.ac.uk Prerequisites: None

Office: 1.5, 10 Priory Road Curriculum area: N/A

Unit owner office hours:

Monday 14:30-16:30

Scheduled office hours do not run during reading weeks, though you can still contact tutors for advice by email and to arrange individual appointments

Timetabled classes: Lecture: Monday 13.00-14.00pm PRIORY RD CMPLX A BLK 0A1

Seminar Group 1, Tuesday, 9:00-11:00, PRIORY RD 11 LG.04 Seminar Group 2, Thursday, 16:00-18:00, PRIORY RD 3 G4 Seminar Group 3, Thursday 13:00-15:00, PRIORY RD 6 B1 You are also expected to attend ONE seminar each week. Your online personal timetable will inform you to which group you have been allocated. Seminar groups are fixed: you are not allowed to change seminar groups without permission from the office. Weeks 6, 12 are Reading Weeks; there is NO regular teaching in these weeks. In addition to timetabled sessions there is a requirement for private study, reading, revision and assessments. Reading the required readings in advance of each seminar is the minimum expectation. The University Guidelines state that one credit point is broadly equivalent to 10 hours of total student input.

Learning Outcomes On successful completion of the unit, students are expected to be able to:

Obtain a broad understanding of key drivers of Chinese foreign policy;

Demonstrate critical knowledge about the structure and processes of Chinese foreign policy making;

Engage in critical analysis of various challenges of and to Chinese foreign policy;

Make informed assessment of the impact of a rising China on regional security and global governance.

Requirements for passing the unit:

Satisfactory attendance at seminars

Completion of all formative work to an acceptable standard

Attainment of a composite mark of all summative work to a passing standard (40 or above)

Details of coursework and deadlines

Assessment: Word count:

Weighting: Deadline: Day: Week:

Formative - essay 1000 words 0% 09.30am 10 November 2017

Friday Week 7

Summative - essay 3000 words 100% 09.30am 10 January 2018

Wednesday January Exam period

Summative essay questions will be made available on the unit’s Blackboard site.

Instructions for the submission of coursework can be found in Appendix A

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Assessment in the school is subject to strict penalties regarding late submission, plagiarism and maximum word count. A summary of key regulations is in Appendix B.

Marking criteria can be found in Appendix C.

Unit description

This unit is designed to engage students in critical examination of key challenges to contemporary Chinese foreign policy and a number of new Chinese initiatives in shaping regional and global order. It looks at how history, geography and domestic politics combined help shape China’s world outlook, as well as the motivations, objectives and drivers of Chinese foreign policy. It also examines the structure and processes of Chinese foreign policy-making in China’s Party-state political system with particular reference to the new leadership of Xi Jinping. Within this analytical framework, major challenges to Chinese foreign policy and new Chinese initiatives are to be discussed. These discussions examine China’s relationship with the United States, Russia and the EU as well as China’s proactive engagement with global governance. Through these discussions, the global impact of a rising China is critically assessed and debated. Learning objectives This unit aims to help students:

Acquire an analytical understanding of various aspects of contemporary Chinese foreign policy;

Develop analytical ability/skill to explain the structure and processes of Chinese foreign policy making;

Formulate critical assessment of China’s changing role in global governance; and

Understand the impact of a rising China on the transformation of the regional and global international system.

Transferable skills

Time management

Critical thinking

Effective oral and written skills

Use of a variety of sources including electronic resources

Ability to engage in constructive and critical discussion in a seminar setting

Ability to plan and write a well-structured essay, including proper academic referencing and bibliography

Ability to engage in basic original research Development and feedback

Feedback will be provided for both formative assessment and the summative assessment.

Formative assessment is primarily intended to aid student learning and development through feedback in their preparations for the summative assessment essay writing.

Students will receive a mark and written feedback on their essay submission. They are encouraged to see the lecturer during office hours if they wish to receive further feedback in face-to-face discussioin.

Teaching arrangements

Teaching of this unit consists of one-hour weekly lecture and two-hour weekly seminar for ten weeks (Weeks 1-5 and Weeks 7-11). Attendance at both lectures and seminars are required. Presentation assignment at seminars

Seminar presentations of each student (group) will be assigned at seminar of the first week. Essential reading

There is no textbook for this unit. Essential reading for each lecture and seminar is listed below. Printed copies of all essential readings are provided in the coursepack. Most of the essential readings are journal articles and from other online sources. So they are also readily available online. Students are expected to have done most, if not all, essential readings before they come to the lecture and seminar. Further reading

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The unit guide provides a substantial amount of recommended reading for each week’s topic. Students are encouraged to read some entries relevant to the topics under discussion to supplement the essential reading. This list is also useful for students to explore in preparing their seminar presentation and research paper for summative assessment. This list is, however, illustrative not exhaustive. General reference books

The existing literature on Chinese foreign policy is vast and is expanding fast. Provided below is a list of books that are useful as general background reading. Some, but not all, of them are available electronically. A few chapters from these books are also listed as essential and recommended reading.

Christensen, Thomas J. (2015) The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power (New York and London: W. W. Norton & Co.).

deLisle, Jacques and Avery Goldstein (eds.) (2017) China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution).

Foot, Rosemary (ed.) (2013) China across the Divide: The Domestic and Global in Politics and Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Goldstein, Lyle (2015) Meeting China Halfway: How to Defuse the Emerging US-China Rivalry (Washington D.C.: George Washington University Press).

Harris, Stuart (2015) China’s Foreign Policy (Cambridge: Polity).

Johnston, Alastair Iain and Robert S. Ross (eds.), New Directions in the Study of China's Foreign Policy (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2006).

Kavalski, Kamilian (ed.) (2016) The Ashgate Research Companion to Chinese Foreign Policy (Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge).

Lampton, David (ed.) (2001) The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform, 1978-2000 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).

Nathan, Andrew and Andrew Scobell (2012) China’s Search for Security (New York: Columbia University Press).

Pradt, Tilman (2016) China’s New Foreign Policy: Military Modernization, Multilateralism and the “China Threat” (Basingstoke: PalgraveMacmillan).

Robinson, Thomas and David Shambaugh (eds.) (1994) Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice (Oxford: Clarendon Press).

Ross, Robert S. and Øystein Tunsjø (eds.) (2017) Strategic Adjustment and the Rise of China: Power and Politics in East Asia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).

Saunders, Phillip and Andrew Scobell (eds.) (2015) PLA Influence on China’s National Security Decision-making (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015).

Shambaugh, David (2015) China Goes Global: The Partial Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Wang, Jianwei and Song Weiqing (eds.) (2016) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance (Basingstoke: PagraveMacmillan).

Zhao, Jinjun and Zhirui Chen (eds.) (2014) China and the International Society: Adaptation and Self-Consciousness (Hackensack, NJ: World Century Publishing Corporation).

Journals

Most journals are now available online through the library’s home page at: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/is/library/electronicjournals/. The following is a list of key International Relations journals that often publish essays on the international relations of East Asia and Chinese foreign policy. Many in the reading list for this unit are in fact drawn from these journals. Asia Policy Asian Perspective Asian Survey Australian Journal of International Affairs China Currents

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China Quarterly Chinese Journal of International Politics Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy GlobalAsia International Affairs International Relations of the Asia-Pacific International Security Journal of Contemporary China Pacific Affair Pacific Review Survival The China Journal Third World Quarterly

Useful websites

http://www.brookings.edu/ (Brookings Institution) http://carnegieendowment.org/ (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) http://www.eastasiaforum.org/ (Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University)

http://www.globalasia.org/ (Global Asia: A Journal of the East Asia Foundation) http://www.nbr.org/NBR/ (National Bureau of Asian Research) http://thediplomat.com/ (A current affairs magazine covering the Asia-Pacific) http://Chinausfocus.com (China-US Exchange Foundation)

Weekly lecture and seminar schedules at a glance

Week 1 Introduction: China and the World: History and Geography Week 2 China Rising: Domestic and International Drivers of Foreign Policy Week 3 The Making of Chinese Foreign Policy: The Party, the State, and the Military Week 4 Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping: Change and Continuity Week 5 OBOR: What Does China Want? Week 6 Reading Week Week 7 Sino-US Relations: Towards a New Type of Great Power Relations? Week 8 China and Russia: Not So Strange Bedfellows Week 9 China and the EU: The Limits of Strategic Partnership Week 10 China and Global Economic Governance: G20 and Beyond Week 11 China and Global Human Rights Governance: Resisting and Shaping Normative and Institutional Changes? Week 12 Reading/Writing Week

Week 1 Introduction: China and the World: History and Geography

Learning Objectives:

1. To gain a long historical perspective on contemporary Chinese foreign policy; 2. To gain an understanding of the effect of the ‘tyranny of geography’ in Chinese foreign policy making; 3. To appreciate the importance of contextualizing the analysis of Chinese foreign policy and international relations of China today in its proper analytical frameworks historically and geo-politically.

Essential reading:

Fairbank, John King (1969) ‘China’s Foreign Policy in Historical Perspective’, Foreign Affairs, 47 (3): 449-463.

Kaplan, Robert (2010) ‘The Geography of Chinese Power’, Foreign Affairs, 89 (3): 22-41.

Perdue, Peter C. (2015) ‘The Tenacious Tributary System’, Journal of Contemporary China, 24 (96), pp. 1002-1014.

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Spence, Jonathan (2005) ‘Once and Future China: What of China’s Past Can Be the Harbinger of Its Future?’, Foreign Policy, 146: 44-46.

Zhang, Feng (2015) ‘Confucian Foreign Policy Traditions in Chinese History’, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 8 (2), pp. 197-218.

Further reading:

Dreyer, June Teufel (2015) ‘The “Tianxia Trope”: Will China Change the International System?’, Journal of Contemporary China, 24 (96), pp. 1015-1031.

Fravel, M. Taylor (2014) ‘Territorial and Maritime Boundary Disputes in Asia’, in Pekkanen, Ravenhill, and Foot (eds.) Oxford Handbook of the International Relations of Asia, pp. 524-546.

Harris, Stuart (2014) ‘Continuity and Change in China’s Foreign Policies’, in Stuart Harris, China’s Foreign Policy (Cambridge: Polity), pp. 1-24.

Kim, Samuel S. (2008), ‘The Evolving Asian System: Three Transformations’, in Shambaugh, David and Michael Yahuda (eds.) International Relations of Asia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 35-56.

Lind, Jennifer (2014) ‘Geography and Security Dilemma in Asia’, in Pekkanen, Ravenhill, and Foot (eds.) Oxford Handbook of the International Relations of Asia, pp. 719-736.

Zhang, Yongjin (2016) ‘Worlding China, 1500-1800’, in Dunn, Tim and Christopher Reus-Smit (eds.) The Globalization of International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 204-225.

Zhang, Yongjin and Barry Buzan (2012) ‘The Tributary System as International Society in Theory and Practice’, Chinese Journal of International Politics, 5 (1): 3-36.

Zhao, Suisheng (2015) ‘Rethinking the Chinese World Order: The Imperial Cycle and the Rise of China’, Journal of Contemporary China, 24 (96), pp. 961-982.

Seminar Questions:

1. In what sense does China’s geography put the Chinese state in ‘a uniquely sensitive geo-strategic position’ (Nathan and Scobell, p. xxii) in the region? What are the principal security challenges posed by this geo-strategic position?

2. How and why does Chinese tradition in dealing with foreign relations matter in understanding Chinese foreign policy today?

3. In which way does China’s dual identity as both a civilizational state and a post-colonial state matter in understanding Chinese foreign policy?

Week 2 China Rising: Domestic and International Drivers of Foreign Policy

Learning Objectives:

1. To gain an understanding of domestic sources of Chinese foreign policy behavior; 2. To gain an understanding of the core national interests of a rising China that underlies China’s search fof a grand strategy; 3. To be able to examine critically the international purposes of Chinese foreign policy.

Essential reading:

Friedberg, Aaron L. (2014) ‘The Sources of Chinese Conduct: Explaining Beijing’s Assertiveness’, The Washington Quarterly, 37 (4), pp. 133-150.

Nathan, Andrew and Andrew Scobell (2012) ‘What Drives Chinese Foreign Policy?’, in Nathan and Scobell, China’s Search for Security, pp. 3-36.

Shirk, Susan (2014) ‘The Domestic Context of China’s Foreign Security Policies’, in Pekkanen, Saadia, John Ravenhill, and Rosemary Foot (eds.) Oxford Handbook of the International Relations of Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 391-410.

Wang, Jisi (2011) ‘China’s Search for a Grand Strategy—A Rising Power Finds Its Way’, Foreign Affairs, 90 (2): 68-79.

Zeng, Jinghan, Yuefan Xiao and Shaun Breslin (2015) ‘Securing China’s Core Interests: The State of the Debate in China’, International Affairs, 91:2, 245-66.

Further reading:

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Buzan, Barry (2014) ‘The Logic and Contradictions of “Peaceful Rise/Development” as China’s Grand Strategy’ Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7 (4), pp. 381-420.

Christensen, Thomas (2016) The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power, Chapter 1. China’s Rise: Why It Is Real, Chapter 2. This Time Should Be Different: China’s Rise in a Globalized World, and Epilogue: The China Challenge.

Deng, Yong (2014) ‘China: The Post-Responsible Power’, The Washington Quarterly, 37 (4), pp. 117-132.

Economy, Elizabeth (2011) ‘The Game Changer: Coping With China's Foreign Policy Revolution’, Foreign Affairs, 89 (6): 142-152.

Fallon, Theresa (2015) ‘The New Silk Road: Xi Jinping's Grand Strategy for Eurasia’, American Foreign Policy Interests, 37 (3), 140-147.

Goldstein, Avery (2017) ‘A Rising China’s Growing Presence: The Challenges of Global Engagement’, in deLisle, Jacques and Avery Goldstein (eds.) China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution), pp. 1-33.

Harris, Stuart (2014) ‘Insecurity and Vulnerability’, in Harris, China’s Foreign Policy (Cambridge: Polity).

Krasner, Stephen D. (2014) ‘China Ascendant?’ Defining Ideas—A Hoover Institution Journal. http://www.hoover.org/research/china-ascendent.

Lampton, David M. (2014) ‘How China Is Ruled: Why It’s Getting Harder for Beijing to Govern’, Foreign Affairs, 93 (1): 74-84.

Leonard, Mark (ed.) (2012) China 3.0 (London: European Council on Foreign Relations).

Nathan, Andrew and Andrew Scobell (2012) ‘Military Modernization: from People’s War to Power Projection?’, in Nathan and Scobell, China’s Search for Security, pp. 278-319.

Ren, Xiao (2016) ‘Idea Change Matters: China’s Practices and the East Asian Peace’, Asian Perspective, 40, pp. 329-356.

Ross, Robert (2013) ‘Domestic Sources of China’s “Assertive Diplomacy”, 2009-2010: Nationalism and Chinese Foreign Policy’, in Foot, Rosemary (ed.) China across the Divide: The Domestic and Global in Politics and Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 72-96.

Ross, Robert (2017) ‘The Rise of the Chinese Navy: From Regional Naval Power to Global Naval Power?’, in deLisle, Jacques and Avery Goldstein (eds.) China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution), pp. 207-234.

Shambaugh, David (2013) ‘China’s Global Diplomatic Presence’, in China Goes Global: The Partial Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 45-120 (in particular 45-61).

Shambaugh, David (2013) ‘China’s Global Economic Presence’, in China Goes Global: The Partial Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 156-206.

Shi, Yinhong (2015) ‘China's Complicated Foreign Policy’ (London: European Council on Foreign Relations).

Wang, Yuan-kang (2015) ‘China’s Response to the Unipolar World: The Strategic Logic of Peaceful Development’, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 45 (5), pp. 554-567.

Weissmann, Mikael (2015) ‘Chinese Foreign Policy in a Global Perspective: A Responsible Reformer “Striving For Achievement”’, Journal of China and International Relations, 3 (1), pp. 151-166.

What are the military missions described and analyzed by Nathan and Scobell tell us about the domestic drivers of Chinese foreign policy?

Zhang, Feng (2012) ‘Rethinking China’s Grand Strategy: Beijing’s Evolving National Interests and Strategic Ideas in the Reform Era’, International Politics, 49 (3), pp. 318-45.

Zhang, Feng (2013) ‘Chinese Exceptionalism in the Intellectual World of China’s Foreign Policy’, in Foot, Rosemary (ed.) China across the Divide: The Domestic and Global in Politics and Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 43-71.

Zheng, Bijian (2005) ‘China‘s Peaceful Rise to Great Power Status’, Foreign Affairs, 84 (4): 18-24.

Zoellick, Robert (2005) ‘Whither China: From Membership to Responsibility’, NBR Analysis, 16 (4), pp. 5-14.

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Seminar Questions:

1. What are the principal domestic drivers of Chinese foreign policy today as a rising global power?

2. What are major foreign policy challenges of a rising China?

3. Is Chinese foreign policy principally aimed at establishing regional hegemony in East Asia?

Project:

What are the implications of a rising China for the future of liberal global order?

Week 3 The Making of Chinese Foreign Policy: The Party, the State, and the Military

Learning Objectives:

1. To gain an understanding of the basic structure of foreign policy decision making in China; 2. To develop a critical view of China’s changing processes of foreign policy making; 3. To be able to explain why and how the Chinese military continues to play a key role in selected foreign policy decision making in China.

Essential reading:

Brown, Kerry (2016) ‘Foreign Policy Making Under Xi Jinping: The Case of the South China Sea’, Journal of Political Risk, 4 (2). http://www.jpolrisk.com/foreign-policy-making-under-xi-jinping-the-case-of-the-south-china-sea/.

Jakobson, Linda and Dean Knox (2010) New Foreign Policy Actors in China, SIPRI Policy Paper No. 26 (Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute).

Jakobson, Linda and Ryan Manuel (2016) ‘How are Foreign Policy Decisions Made in China?’, Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 3 (1), pp. 101–110. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app5.121/epdf.

Nathan, Andrew and Andrew Scobell (2012) ‘Who Runs Chinese Foreign Policy?’, in Nathan and Scobell, China’s Search for Security, pp. 37-61.

Zhang, Qingmin (2014) ‘Toward an Integrated Theory of Chinese Foreign Policy: Bringing Personality back in’, Journal of Contemporary China, 33 (89), pp. pp.1-21.

Further reading:

Shambaugh, David (2013) ‘China’s Global Diplomatic Presence’, in China Goes Global: The Partial Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 45-120 (in particular 61-72).

Harris, Stuart (2014) ‘Foreign Policy Decision Making’, in Harris, China’s Foreign Policy (Cambridge: Polity), pp. 24-45.

Cabestan, Jean-Pierre (2009) ‘China's Foreign- and Security-Policy Decision Making Processes under Hu Jintao’, Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 38 (3): 68-97.

Lawrence, Susan (2011) ‘Perpectives on Chinese Foreign Policy’, Testimony Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on ‘China's Foreign Policy: Challenges and Players’, April 13, 2011.

Lunn, Jon (2017) ‘China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy: January 2017 Analysis’, Briefing Paper 7870, 19 January 2017. (London: House of Commons Library).

MacFarquhar, Roderick (2015) ‘China: The Superpower of Mr. Xi’, The New York Review of Books, August 13 2015 issue. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/08/13/china-superpower-mr-xi/.

Yang, Yifan (2016) ‘The Internet and China’s Foreign Policy Decision-making’, Chinese Political Science Review, 1 (2): 353-372.

Clover, Charles and Luna Li (2017) ‘China foreign policy: Throwing out the rule book’, Financial Times, 31 August. https://www.ft.com/content/810b4510-6ea4-11e6-9ac1-1055824ca907?mhq5j=e1.

Sun, Yun (2013) ‘Chinese National Security Decision-making: Processes and Challenges’, Working Paper, Centre for Northeast Asian Policy Studies, Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/chinese-national-security-decisionmaking-sun-paper.pdf.

Wang, Jianwei and Xiaojie Wang (2014) ‘Media and Chinese Foreign Policy’, Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (86), pp.216-235.

The military in Chinese foreign policy making:

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Alice Miller (2015) ‘The PLA in the Party Leadership Decision making System’, in Saunders, Phillip and Andrew Scobell (eds.) PLA Influence on China’s National Security Decision-making (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015), pp. 58-83.

Bonnie S. Glaser (2015) ‘The PLA Role in China’s Taiwan Policymaking’, in Saunders and Scobell (eds.) PLA Influence on China’s National Security Decision-making, pp. 166-197.

Miller, Alice (2015) The PLA in the Party Leadership Decisionmaking System, in Saunders and Scobell (eds.) PLA Influence on China’s National Security Decision-making, pp. 58-84.

Swaine, Michael D. (2014) ‘China’s Assertive Behavior Part Three: The Role of the Military in Foreign Policy’, China Leadership Monitor 36.

You, Ji (2013) ‘The PLA and Diplomacy: Unraveling Myths about the Military Role in Foreign Policy Making’, Journal of Contemporary China, 23 (86), pp. 236-254.

Essential watching:

Scobell, Andrew (2015) ‘PLA Influence on China’s National Security Policymaking’, Youtube video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0xXiBbDDis.

Seminar questions:

1. How important does the Chinese military (the PLA) remain in Chinese foreign policy making?

2. What are the most recent changes in Chinese foreign policy making in terms of structure, institutions, and processes?

3. In which way does personality matter in Chinese foreign policy making under Xi Jinping?

Project:

What is the significance of the newly established National Security Commission in Chinese foreign policy making in terms of institutional innovation and structural change?

Readings for the project:

Hu, Weixing (2015) ‘Xi Jinping’s ‘Big Power Diplomacy’ and China’s Central National Security Commission (CNSC)’, Journal of Contemporary China, 25 (98), pp. 163-177.

Lampton, David M. (2015) ‘Xi Jinping and the National Security Commission: Policy Coordination and Political Power’, Journal of Contemporary China, 24 (95), pp. 759-777.

You, Ji (2016) ‘China’s National Security Commission: Theory, Evolution and Operations’, Journal of Contemporary China, 25 (98), pp. 178-196.

Week 4 Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping: Change and Continuity

Learning Objectives:

1. To gain an understanding of the most recent changes in Chinese foreign policy under the leadership of Xi Jinping; 2. To be able to explain what has changed in Chinese foreign policy and why; 3. To be able to identify and critically examine most recent Chinese foreign policy initiatives that have important regional and global impact.

Essential readings:

Blackwill, Robert D. and Kurt M. Campbell (2016) Xi Jinping on the Global Stage: Chinese Foreign Policy Under a Powerful but Exposed Leader, Council Special Report No. 74 (New York: Council on Foreign Relations).

Godement, François (2016) ‘Expanded Ambitions, Shrinking Achievements: How China Sees the Global Order’, Policy Brief (London: European Council on Foreign Relations). http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/expanded_ambitions_shrinking_achievements_how_china_sees_the_global_order.

Rudd, Kevin (2016) ‘Kevin Rudd’s Remarks on Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping’, Carnegie Moscow Centre. http://carnegieendowment.org/files/Rudd_Transcript.pdf.

Yan, Xuetong (2014) ‘From Keeping a Low Profile to Striving for Achievement,’ The Chinese Journal of International Politics. 7 (2), pp. 153–84.

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Zhang, Jian (2015) ‘China’s New Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping: Towards ‘Peaceful Rise 2.0’?’, Global Change, Peace & Security, 27 (1), pp. 5-19.

Further reading:

Alden, Chris & Ana Cristina Alves (2017) ‘China’s Regional Forum Diplomacy in the Developing World: Socialisation and the “Sinosphere”’, Journal of Contemporary China, 26 (103), pp. 151-165.

Bondaz, Antoin, François Godement and Agatha Kratz (eds.) (2015) ‘Explaining China’s Foreign Policy Reset’, Special Issue, China Analysis. (London: European Council on Foreign Relations). http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/explaining_chinas_foreign_policy_reset3001.

Breslin, Shaun (2016) ‘China’s Global Goals and Roles: Chaning the World from Second Place?’, Asian Affairs, 47 (1), pp. 59-70.

Chang-Liao, Nien-chung (2016) ‘China’s New Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping’, Asian Security Vol. 12 (2), pp. 82-91.

Chen, Dingding and Jianwei Wang (2011) ‘Lying Low No More? China’s New Thinking on the Tao Guang Yang Hui Strategy’, China: an International Journal 9 (2), pp.195 – 216.

Christensen, Thomas (2016) The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power, Chapter 8. China’s Offensive Diplomacy Since the Financial Crisis, 2009–2014.

Feng, Huiyun and Kai He (2016) ‘How Chinese Scholars Think about Chinese Foreign Policy?’, Australian Journal of Political Science, 51 (4): 694-710.

Foot, Rosemary (2014) ‘“Doing some things” in the Xi Jinping Era: The United Nations as China’s Venue of Choice’, International Affairs, 90 (5), pp. 1085–1100.

Godement, François (2013) ‘Xi Jinping’s China’. (London: European Council on Foreign Relations). http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/xi_jinpings_china212.

Heath, Timothy et al (2015) China, Inside and Out: A Collection of Essays on Foreign and Domestic Policy in the Xi Jinping Era (Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand).

Jakobson, Linda (2013) ‘China’s Foreign Policy Dilemma’. (Sydney: Lowy Institute for International Policy). https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/chinas-foreign-policy-dilemma.

Johnston, Alastair Iain (2013) ‘How Assertive is China’s New Assertiveness?’, International Security, 37 (4), pp. 7-48.

Kallio, Jyrki (2016) ‘China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy: Xi Jinping’s Universal Rule by Virtue?’, The Finish Institute of International Affairs Briefing Paper 189. (Helsinki: The Finish Institute of International Affairs).

Shen, Simon (2016) ‘10 Characteristics of Chinese Diplomacy in the Xi Jinping Era’, Foreign Policy Association Blog. https://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2016/04/19/10-characteristics-of-chinese-diplomacy-in-the-xi-jinping-era/.

Summers, Tim (2014) China’s Global Personality. (London: Chatham House).

Swaine, Michael D. (2015b) ‘Xi Jinping on Chinese Foreign Relations: The Governance of China and Chinese Commentary’, China Leadership Monitor, no. 48. http://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/research/docs/clm48ms.pdf.

Wang, Yong (2016) ‘Offensive for Defensive: The Belt and Road Initiative and China’s New Grand Strategy’, The Pacific Review, 29 (3), pp. 455-463.

Zhang, Feng (2015) ‘Xi Jinping's Real Chinese Dream: An “Imperial” China?’, The National Interest (blog), http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/xi-jinpings-real-chinese-dream-imperial-china-13875.

Zhang, Yongjin (2016) ‘Dynamism and Contention: Understanding Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping’, International Affairs, 92 (4): 769-772.

Zhao, Suisheng (2013) ‘Chinese Foreign Policy as a Rising Power to Find its Rightful Place’, Perceptions, 13 (1), pp. 101-128.

Seminar questions:

1. What is ‘new’ in China’s new foreign policy under the new leadership of Xi Jinping?

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2. China’s ‘assertive (offensive) diplomacy’ reflects more continuity than change in Chinese foreign policy under Xi Jinping. Discuss.

3. How to explain China’s newfound activism in regional and global economic governance under Xi Jinping?

Project:

In what sense does ‘striving for achievement’ represent a significant change in China’s international strategy and Chinese foreign policy?

Week 5 OBOR: What Does China Want?

Learning Objectives:

1. To gain a critical understanding of the drivers and purposes of China’s launching OBOR initiatives; 2. To be able to explain critically a wide range of challenges posed by the construction of OBOR to China and to the international community; 3. To be able to examine critically whether and why OBOR is a Chinese articulation of an alternative regional and global order.

Essential reading:

Callahan, William A. (2016) ‘China’s “Asia Dream”: The Belt Road Initiative and the New Regional Order’, Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 1 (3), pp. 226-243.

Ferdinand, Peter (2016) ‘Westward ho—The China Dream and ‘One Belt, One Road’: Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping’, International Affairs 92 (4), pp. 941–957.

Godement, François and Agatha Kratz (eds.) (2015) ‘“One Belt, One Road”: China’s Great Leap Outward’, China Analysis (London: European Council on Foreign Relations).

Rolland, Nadege (2017) China’s Eurasian Century: Political and Strategic Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative (Seattle, WA: The National Bureau of Asian Research). Chapter 3 Drivers of the Belt and Road Initiative, pp. 93-120.

Yu, Hong (2017) ‘Motivation behind China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiatives and Establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’, Journal of Contemporary China, 26 (105), pp. 353-368.

Further reading:

Aris, Stephen (2016) ‘One Belt, One Road: China’s Vision of “Connectivity”’, CSS Analyses in Security Policy, No. 195. http://www.css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/CSSAnalyse195-EN.pdf.

Cai, Peter (2017) Understanding China’s Belt and Road Initiative (Sydney: Lowy Institute for International Policy).

Clarke, Michael (2017) ‘The Belt and Road Initiative: China’s Grand Strategy?’, Asia Policy, 24, pp. 71-79.

Clarke, Michael et al (2017) ‘Roundtable: China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Views from along the Silk Road’, Asia Policy, 24, pp. 65-122.

Editorial Board (2017) ‘China’s Trillion-Dollar Foreign Policy’, New York Times, 18 May 2017.

European Parliament (2016) ‘Briefing: One Belt, One Road (OBOR)—China’s Regional Integration Initiative’. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/586608/EPRS_BRI%282016%29586608_EN.pdf.

Fallon, Theresa (2015) ‘The New Silk Road: Xi Jinping’s Grand Strategy for Eurasia’, American Foreign Policy Interests, 37 (3), pp. 140-147.

Fukuyama, Francis. (2016) ‘One Belt, One Road: Exporting the Chinese Model to Eurasia’, The Australian, 4 January, https://publicpolicy.stanford.edu/news/one-belt-one-roadexporting-chinese-model-eurasia

Grieger, Gisle (2016) ‘One Belt, One Road (OBOR): China’s Regional Integration Initiative’, Briefing, July 2016, European Parliamentary Research Service. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2016)586608.

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Jacques, Martin (2015) ‘How the AIIB is transforming the balance of power in East Asia’, Global Times, 31March 2015. http://www.martinjacques.com/articles/articles-geopolitics-globalisation/how-the-aiib-is-transforming-the-balance-of-power-in-east-asia/.

McKinsey Podcast (2016) ‘China’s One Belt, One Road: Will It Reshape Global Trade?’. http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/china/chinas-one-belt-one-road-will-it-reshape-global-trade.

Miller, Tom (2017) China’s Asian Dream: Empire Building along the New Silk Road (London: Zed Books).

Oxford Analytica (2017) ‘Belt and Road paves way for China’s new global role’. https://dailybrief.oxan.com/Analysis/GA220959/Belt-and-Road-paves-way-for-Chinas-new-global-role.

Phillips, Tom (2017) ‘The $900bn question: What is the Belt and Road initiative?’, Guardian, 12 May. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/12/the-900bn-question-what-is-the-belt-and-road-initiative

Rolland, Nadège (2017a) ‘China’s “Belt and Road Initiative”: Underwhelming or Game-Changer?’, The Washington Quarterly, 40 (1), pp. 127-142.

Rolland, Nadege (2017b) China’s Eurasian Century: Political and Strategic Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative (Seattle, WA: The National Bureau of Asian Research).

Swaine, Michael D. (2015) ‘Chinese Views and Commentary on the “One Belt, One Road” Initiative’, China Leadership Monitor, no. 47. http://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/research/docs/clm47ms.pdf.

Tian, Jinchen (2016) ‘One Belt and One Road: Connecting China and the World’, McKinsey. http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/capital-projects-and-infrastructure/our-insights/one-belt-and-one-road-connecting-china-and-the-world.

Xiang, Lanxin (2015) ‘The New Silk Road: Spinning a New and Ambitious Narrative’, Montrose Journal. http://www.montroseassociates.biz/article.asp?aid=103.

Ye, Min (2015) ‘China and Competing Cooperation in Asia-Pacific: TPP, RCEP, and the New Silk Road’, Asian Security, 11 (3), pp. 206-224. .

Seminar Questions:

1. What are the strategic purposes of OBOR? What has motivated China to embark on this Great Leap Outward?

2. Is it part of China’s grand strategy of peaceful rise?

3. In what sense can OBOR be regarded as a Chinese articulation of an alternative regional and global order?

Project:

Why is OBOR (not) a ‘mission impossible’ for China?

Week 6 Reading Week

Week 7 Sino-US Relations: Towards a New Type of Great Power Relations?

Learning Objectives:

1. To gain a critical understanding of the complexities of Sino-US relations and its global implications; 2. To gain a critical understanding of different visions that Chinese and American elites have in regard to the future of Sino-US relations and to explain why; 3. To have a critical explanation of why China has proposed to construct ‘a new-type of great power relations’ with the United States; and the American responses to it.

Essential reading:

Lampton, David (2013) ‘A New Type of Major-Power Relationship: Seeking a Durable Foundation for U.S.-China Ties’, Asia Policy, 16, pp. 51-68.

Lind, Jennifer (2017) ‘Asia’s Other Revisionist Power: Why U.S. Grand Strategy Unnerves China’, Foreign Affairs, 96 (2): 74-82.

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Qi, Hao (2015) ‘China Debates the ‘New Type of Great Power Relations’, Chinese Journal of International Politics 8 (4), pp. 349-370.

Wang, Jisi et al (2017) China-US Relations: Exploring a New Pathway to A Win-Win Partnership. (Chinese title literally translated should be Transcending Disagreements and Move Towards Win-Win). https://www.csis.org/events/managing-us-china-relations-american-and-chinese-perspectives-report-launch.

Zeng, Jinghan and Shaun Breslin (2016), ‘China’s ‘New Type of Great Power Relations’: A G2 with Chinese Characteristics?’ International Affairs, 92 (3), pp. 773–794.

Further reading:

Allison, Graham (2017) Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides's Trap? (London: Scribe Publications).

Allison, Graham and Robert Blackwill (2013) ‘Interview: Lee Kuan Yew on thhe Future of US-China Relations’, The Atlantic, 5 March 2013. http://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/03/interview-lee-kuan-yew-on-the-future-of-us-china-relations/273657/.

Buruma, Ian (2017) ‘Are China and the United States Headed for War?’, New Yorker, 19 June 2017. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/06/19/are-china-and-the-united-states-headed-for-war.

Byun, See-Won (2016) ‘China’s Major-Powers Discourse in the Xi Jinping Era: Tragedy of Great Power Politics Revisited?’, Asian Perspective:40 (3), pp. 493-522.

Clark, Ian (2011) ‘China and the United States: A Succession of Hegemonies?’, International Affairs, 87: (1), pp. 13–28.

Cohen, Danielle (2017) ‘The Case of China’, Special Forum, The Asan Forum. (Seoul: The Asan Institute for Policy Studies). http://www.theasanforum.org/the-case-of-china/.

Firestein, David et al (2017) ‘Alternative’ Strategic Perceptions in U.S.-China Relations. (New York: EastWest Institute). https://www.eastwest.ngo/sites/default/files/AlternativeStrategicPerceptions.pdf.

Foot, Rosemary and Andrew Walter (2011) China, the United States, and Global Order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Gat, Azar, Daniel Deudney and G. John Ikenberry, and Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel (2009) ‘Which Way Is History Marching? Debating the Authoritarian Revival’, Foreign Affairs 88 (4), pp. 150–59.

Glaser, Charles L. (2015) ‘A US-China Grand Bargain: The Hard Choice Between Military Competition and Accommodation’, International Security, 39 (4), pp. 49–90.

Hachigian, Nina (ed.) (2014) Debating China: The U.S.-China Relationship in Ten Conversations (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Hamre, John J. et al (2017) Joint US-China Think Tank Project on the Future of US-China Relations: An American Perspective. https://www.csis.org/events/managing-us-china-relations-american-and-chinese-perspectives-report-launch.

Ikenberry, G. John (2011) ‘The Future of Liberal World Order: Internationalism after America’, Foreign Affairs, 90 (3), pp. 56-68.

Ikenberry, G. John (2013b), ‘Is a “One World” Order Possible? The Rise of China, the West, and the Future of Liberal Internationalism’. http://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/cag/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2013/05/CAG_WorkingPaper_30.pdf.

Ikenberry, G. John, Zhu, Feng, Wang, Jisi (eds.) (2015) America, China, and the Struggle for World Order: Ideas, Traditions, Historical Legacies, and Global Visions (Basingstoke: Palgrave).

Lieberthal, Kenneth and Wang Jisi (2012) Addressing US-China Strategic Distrust (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution).

Liff, Adam P. and John Ikenberry (2014) ‘Racing Towards Tragedy? China’s Rise, Military Competition in the Asia Pacific and the Security Dilemma,” International Security, 39 (2), pp. 52-91.

Mearsheimer, John J. and Stephen M. Walt (2016) ‘The Case for Offshore Balancing: A Superior US Grand Strategy’, Foreign Affairs, 95 (4), pp. 70-83.

Nathan, Andrew and Andrew Scobell (2012) ‘Deciphering the U.S. Threat?’, in Nathan and Scobell, China’s Search for Security, pp. 89-113.

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Pollack, Jonathan D. (2017) ‘Competing Visions: China, America, and the Asia- Pacific Security Order’, in deLisle, Jacques and Avery Goldstein (eds.) China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution), pp. 155-182.

Shambaugh, David (ed.) Tangled Titans: The United States and China (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield).

Silove, Nina (2016) ‘The Pivot before the Pivot: U.S. Strategy to Preserve the Balance of Power in Asia’, International Security, 40 (4), pp. 45-88.

Wang, Jisi (2014) ‘The US-China Codependency’, American Interest, 9 (5). https://www.the-american-interest.com/2014/04/08/the-us-china-codependency/.

Wang, Jisi (2015) ‘The “Two Orders” and the Future of China-U.S. Relations’, http://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/two-way-street/two-orders-and-future-china-us-relations.

Wang, Jisi (2016) ‘200 years of Sino-US Relations Crave for an Improvement’, http://en.iiss.pku.edu.cn/specialist/science/2016/2622.html.

White, Hugh (2013) The China Choice: Why America Should Share Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Zhao, Suisheng (2014) ‘A New Model of Big Power Relations? China–US Strategic Rivalry and Balance of Power in the Asia–Pacific’, Journal of Contemporary China, 24 (93), pp. 377-397.

Seminar Questions:

1. What does the metaphor ‘tangled titans’ tell us about the complexities of the relationship between China and the United States?

2. What are the competing visions of the United States and China in regard to the future of Sino-US relations?

3. Why is ‘a new type of great power relations’ between China and the United States simply an illusion?

Project:

‘Clash of the Titans’ (Brzezinski and Mearsheimer 2005) Twelve Years On: Why have Brzezinski and Mearsheimer got it wrong (or right)?

Readings for the project:

Allison, Graham (2015) ‘The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War?’, The Atlantic, 25 September 2015. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/united-states-china-war-thucydides-trap/406756/.

Bergsten, Fred (2008) ‘A Partnership of Equals, How Washington Should Respond to China’s Economic Challenge’, Foreign Affairs, 87 (4), pp. 57-69.

Brzezinski, Zbigniew and John J. Mearsheimer (2005) ‘Clash of the Titans’, Foreign Policy, 146: 46-50.

Week 8 China and Russia: Not So Strange Bedfellows

Learning objectives:

1. To gain a critical knowledge of what has happened to Sino-Russian relations in recent years; 2. To be able to explain critically the nature of this improved great power relations; and its contradictions; 3. To be able to contextualize close China-Russia relations in global context of power politics.

Essential reading:

Carlson, Brian G. (2016) ‘China–Russia Relations and the Inertia of History’, Survival, 58 (3): 213-222.

Chase, Michael S. et al (2017) Russia-China Relations: Assessing Common Ground and Strategic Faultlines, NBR Special Report 66 (Seattle, WA: National Bureau of Asian Research).

Duchâtel, Mathieu et al (2016) ‘China and Russia: Gaming the West’, China Analysis (London: European Council on Foreign Relations).

Fu, Ying (2016) ‘How China sees Russia: Beijing and Moscow Are Close but Not Allies’, Foreign Affairs, 96 (1), pp. 96-105.

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Yu, Bin (2016) ‘Russia-China Relations: Politics of Reluctant Allies’, Comparative Connections, 18 (2), pp. 129-144.

Further reading:

Carlsson, Märta, Susanne Oxenstierna and Mikael Weissmann (2015) China and Russia – A Study on Cooperation, Competition and Distrust, (Stockholm: Swedish Defence Research Agency).

Christensen, Thomas (2016) The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power, Chapter 6. The Soviet Collapse and China’s Rise, 1991–2000.

de Wijk, Rob (2015) Power Politics: How Russia and China Shape the World (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press).

Ferdinand, Peter (2007) ‘Sunset, Sunrise: China and Russia Construct a New Relationship’, International Affairs 83: (5), pp. 841–867.

Kaczmarski, Marcin (2015) Russia-China Relations in the Post-Crisis International Order (London and New York: Routledge).

Kagan, Robert (2017) ‘Backing Into World War III’, Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/02/06/backing-into-world-war-iii-russia-china-trump-obama/.

Korolev, Alexander (2016) ‘Russia’s Reorientation to Asia: Causes and Strategic Implications’, Pacific affairs 89 (1), pp. 53-73.

Lo, Bobo (2017) A Wary Embrace: What the China-Russia Relationship Means for the World (Sydney: Lowy Institute for International Policy/Penguin).

Menon, Rajan (2009) ‘The Limits of Chinese-Russian Partnership’, Survival 51 (3), pp. 99-130.

Nathan, Andrew and Andrew Scobell (2012) ‘Life on the Hinge: China’s Russia Policy During the Cold War and After?’, in Nathan and Scobell, China’s Search for Security, pp. 65-88.

Nitoiu, Cristian (2014) ‘China is already sitting in Russia’s backyard’, Open Democracy, 14 May 2014. https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/cristian-nitoiu/china-is-already-sitting-in-russia%E2%80%99s-backyard.

Saalman, Lora (ed.) (2017) China-Russia Relations and Regional Dynamics (Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute).

Scobell, Andrew, Ely Ratner, Michael Beckley (2014) China’s Strategy Toward South and Central Asia: An Empty Fortress. (Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand).

Sørensen, Camilla T. N. and Ekaterina Klimenko (2017) ‘Emerging Chinese-Russian Cooperation in the Arctic: Possibilities and Constraints’, SIPRI Policy Paper 46 (Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute).

Recommended watching:

Brookings Institution (2015) ‘The Emerging China-Russia Axis: The Return of Geopolitics?’, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJ3G7dDnkzE.

Seminar Questions:

1. What best explains close relations between China and Russia in recent years?

a. Geo-strategic considerations and global governance dynamics;

b. Regional security and economic cooperation;

c. Coincidence of national interests and convergence of strategic interests;

d. Strong leadership and personality.

2. How to explain China and Russia cooperation at the UNSC and in regional institutions such as SCO and BRICS?

3. In what sense is China’s approach to its relationship with Russia ‘a wary embrace’ (Lo 2017)?

Project:

What is the common ground on which recent close Sino-Russian relations have been constructed? Why is such a common ground (not) a shaky one?

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Week 9 China and the EU: An Elusive Strategic Partnership?

Learning Objectives:

1. To gain a critical knowledge of contending perspectives on cooperation and strategic rivalry between China and EU; 2. To gain a critical understanding of the different interpretations and expectations between China and EU of the China-EU strategic partnership; 3. To be able to identify problems and demonstrate promises of the China-EU strategic partnership.

Essential reading:

Brown, Kerry (2016) ‘China EU Relations: Where to Now?’, Note d’actualité n°11/16 de l’Observatoire de la Chine, cycle 2016-2017, Asia Centre. http://www.centreasia.eu/sites/default/files/publications_pdf/11-brown-chineue_sept2016_0.pdf.

Casarini, Nichola (2017) ‘A New Era for EU-China Relations? How They Are Forging Ahead Without the United States’, Foreign Affairs, Snapshot, 6 June 2017. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2017-06-06/new-era-eu-china-relations.

Li, Mingjiang (2016) ‘China-EU Relations: Rivalry Impedes Strategic Partnership’, in Wang and Song (eds.) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance, pp. 13-28.

Maher, Richard (2016) ‘The Elusive EU–China Strategic Partnership’, International Affairs, 92 (4), pp. 959-976.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China (2014) ‘China’s Policy Paper on the EU: Deepen the China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership for Mutual Benefit and Win-win Cooperation’. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/wjzcs/t1143406.shtml.

Further reading:

Callahan, William (2007) ‘Future Imperfect: The European Union’s Encounter with China (and the United States)’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 30 (4-5), pp. 777-807.

Casarini, Nicola (2009) Remaking Global Order: The Evolution of Europe-China Relations and its Implications for East Asia and the United States (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Chapter 4 Techo-Political Partnership; Chapter 5 Space Cooperation; Chapter 6 The Chinese Arms Embargo Affair

Christiansen, Thomas (2016) ‘A Liberal Institutionalist Perspective on China-EU Relations’, in Wang and Song (eds.) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance, pp. 29-50.

Christiansen, Thomas and Richard Maher (2017) ‘The Rise of China: Challenges and Opportunities for the European Union’, Asia Europe Journal, 15 (2), pp. 121-131.

Geeraerts, Gustaaf (2016) ‘China, the EU, and Global Governance in Human Rights’, in Wang and Song (eds.) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance, pp. 233-250.

Godement, François et al (2017) ‘China and the Mediterranean: Open for Business?’, China Analysis (London: European Council on Foreign Relations).

Grimm, Sven (2014) ‘The China-EU Strategic Partnership on Development: Unfulfilled Potential’, Policy Brief 12, European Strategic Partnerships Observatory, FRIDE. http://fride.org/download/The_ChinaEU_strategic_partnership_on_development.pdf.

Holslag, Jonathan (2010) ‘The Strategic Dissonance Between Europe and China’, Chinese Journal of International Politics, 3 (3), pp. 325-345.

Holslag, Jonathan (2011) ‘The Elusive Axis: Assessing the EU-China Strategic Partnership’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 49 (2), pp. 293-313.

Jian, Junbo and Zhimin Chen (2016) ‘China and the EU at the UN’, in Wang and Song (eds.) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance, 75-94.

Jørgensen, Knud Erik and Reuben Wong (2016) ‘Social Constructivist Perspectives on China-EU Relations’, in Wang and Song (eds.) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance, pp. 51-74.

Kaya, Ayse (2014) ‘The EU’s China Problem: A Battle over Norms’, International Politics 51 (2), pp. 214-233.

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Kinzelbach, Katrin and Hatla Thelle (2011) ‘Taking Human Rights to China: An Assessment of the EU’s Approach’, The China Quarterly, 205, pp. 60–79.

Kirchner, Emil J., Thomas Christiansen and Han Dorussen (eds.) (2016) Security Relations between China and the European Union: From Convergence to Cooperation? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Le Corre, Philippe and Alain Sepulchre (2016) China’s Offensive in Europe (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution).

Leonard, Mark (ed.) (2017) Connectivity Wars: Why Migration, Finance and Trade Are the Geo-Economic Battlegrounds of the Future (London: European Council on Foreign Relations). http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/Connectivity_Wars.pdf.

Liu, Hongsong and Shaun Breslin (2016) ‘Shaping the Agenda Jointly? China and the EU in the G20’, in Wang and Song (eds.) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance, pp. 95-114.

Men, Jing (2014) ‘Is There A Strategic Partnership between the EU and China?’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 19, Special Issue, pp.5-18.

Michalski, Anna and Pan, Zhongqi (2017) Unlikely Partners?: China, the European Union and the Forging of a Strategic Partnership (London: PalgraveMacmillan).

Pan, Zhongqi (ed.) (2012) Conceptual Gaps in China-EU Relations: Global Governance, Human Rights and Strategic Partnerships (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).

Sachdeva, Gulshan (2014) ‘EU–China and EU–India: A Tale of Two Strategic Partnerships’, Strategic Analysis, 38 (4), pp. 427-431.

Shen, Wenwen (n.d.) ‘Normative Power or Empty Rhetoric? The EU, Human Rights and the Tibet Question’. Unpublished paper. https://eustudies.org/assets/files/papers/4k_shen.pdf.

Shi, Zhiqin (2015) ‘The 40th Anniversary of China-EU Relations’, http://carnegietsinghua.org/2015/07/27/40th-anniversary-of-china-eu-relations-pub-60944.

Stanzel, Angela et al (2016) ‘China’s Investment in Influence: The Future of 16+1 Cooperation’, China Analysis (London: European Council on Foreign Relations).

Steinbock, Dan (2017) ‘The China-EU-US Triangle Déjà Vu?’, All China Review, 11 July. http://www.allchinareview.com/the-china-eu-us-triangle-deja-vu/.

Taylor Wessing (2013) Hidden Dragon? China’s Evolving Relationship with the European Renewable Energy Industry (London: Taylor Wessing). https://united-kingdom.taylorwessing.com/en/news-insights/details/hidden-dragon-taylor-wessing-s-latest-energy-report-2013-12-12.html.

Vogt, Roland (ed.) (2012) Europe and China: Strategic Partners or Rivals? (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press).

Wissenbach, Uwe and Yuan Wang (2016) ‘Development Policy: Alternatives, Challenges, and Opportunities’, in Wang and Song (eds.) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance, pp. 251-267.

Yan, Bo and Diarmuid Torney (2016) ‘Confronting the Climate Challenge: Convergence and Divergence between the EU and China’, in Wang and Song (eds.) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance, pp. 213-222.

Zhou, Hong (ed.) (2017) China-EU Relations: Reassessing the China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (Singapore: Springer).

Short online commentary pieces from Politico et al:

Bersick, Sebastian and Tang Shiping (2017) ‘Can the EU and China act together?’, Europe’s World (web exclusive). http://europesworld.org/2017/06/23/can-eu-china-act-together/#.WXIxwtPytmC.

China Digital Times (2017) ‘China Buying International Silence on Human Rights’. http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2017/06/china-buying-international-silence-human-rights/.

Faris, Stephan and Charles Lee (2017) ‘In the age of Trump, Beijing pivots to Europe’, Politco. 1 June. http://www.politico.eu/article/in-the-age-of-trump-beijing-pivots-to-europe/.

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Hans von Der Burchard, Giulia Paravicini and Jakob Hanke (2017) ‘Europe and China: The uneasy truce’, Politico. 1 June. http://www.politico.eu/article/europe-and-china-the-uneasy-truce-market-economy-export/.

Islam, Shada (2017) ‘BRI can spark an EU-China conversation on peace, security and development’, Europe’s World (Web exclusive). http://europesworld.org/2017/06/26/bri-can-spark-eu-china-conversation-peace-security-development/#.WXIymNPytmA.

Islam, Shada (2017) ‘China’s Belt and Road blueprint augurs changed global order’, Friends of Europe, 16 May. http://www.friendsofeurope.org/global-europe/frankly-speaking-chinas-belt-road-blueprint-augurs-changed-global-order/.

Karnitschnig, Mathew (2017) ‘Beijing’s Balkan backdoor’, Politico, 18 July. http://www.politico.eu/article/china-serbia-montenegro-europe-investment-trade-beijing-balkan-backdoor/.

Strain, Peter (2017) ‘Brussels vs. Beijing’s Buy-out Barons’, Politico. 2 June. http://www.politico.eu/article/future-of-china-relationship/.

Torres, Diego (2017) ‘Why the West Treats China with Kid Gloves?’, Politico. 22 June. http://www.politico.eu/article/china-europe-trade-why-the-west-treats-with-kid-gloves/.

Zhao, Yuchao (2011) ‘China and International “Human Rights Diplomacy”’, China: An International Journal, 9 (2), pp. 217-241.

Seminar Questions:

1. What are major problems that have troubled the China-EU relations in the last decade or so? Has the pursuit of the China-EU strategic partnership helped resolved them?

2. What are the implications of EU as a normative power for China-EU relations? What challenges does it pose to China’s EU policies?

3. What does China want from the China-EU strategic partnership?

Project:

What are the implications of China’s OBOR for the future of China-EU relations?

Reading for the project:

Cameron, Fraser (2017) ‘Can OBOR Bring the EU and China Closer Together?’, EU-Asia Centre. http://www.eu-asiacentre.eu/pub_details.php?pub_id=209.

Ghiasy, Richard and Jiayi Zhou (2017) The Silk Road Economic Belt: Considering Security Implications and EU–China Cooperation Prospects (Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute).

Hooijmaaijers, Bas (2015) ‘The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Another Wakeup Call for the EU?’, Global Affairs, 1 (3), pp. 325-334.

Menegazzi, Silvia (2017) ‘Global Economic Governance between China and the EU: The Case of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’, Asia Europe Journal, 2017, pp. 229-242.

Week 10 China and Global Economic Governance: G20 and Beyond

Learning Objectives:

1. To gain a critical knowledge of China’s changing views about global economic governance and its new activism in promoting the role of emerging powers in global economic governance; 2. To be able to explain critically why China has only limited revisionist goals in reforming the structure of global economic governance; 3. To be able to identify China’s new initiatives in global economic governance and to explain its leadership role in selected issues.

Essential reading:

Beeson, Mark and Fujian Li (2016) ‘China’s Place in Regional and Global Governance: A New World Comes Into View’, Global Policy, 7 (4), pp. 1–9.

Chin, Gregory T. (2017) ‘True Revisionist: China and the Global Monetary System’, in deLisle, Jacques and Avery Goldstein (eds.) China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution), pp. 35-66.

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Chin, Gregory T. and Hogo Dobson (2015) ‘China’s Presidency of the G20 Hangzhou: On Global Leadership and Strategy’, Global Summitry, 1 (2): 151-170.

Ikenberry, G. John and Darren Lim (2017) China’s Emerging Institutional Statecraft: The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Prospects for Counter-hegemony, Project on International Order and Strategy, Brookings Institution.

Strand, Jonathan R. et al (2016) ‘China’s Leadership in Global Economic Governance and the Creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’, Rising Power Quarterly, 1 (1): 55-69. http://risingpowersproject.com/quarterly/chinas-leadership-global-economic-governance-creation-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank/.

Further reading:

Callaghan, Mike and Paul Hubbard (2016) ‘The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Multilateralism on the Silk Road’, China Economic Journal, 9 (2), pp. 116-139.

Chin, Gregory T. and Hugo Dobson. 2015. China as G20 Host in 2015: Dawn of Asian Global Leadership? 3 March 2015. http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/03/ 03/2015/china-g20-host-2016-dawn-asian-global-leadership.

Garret, Gregory (2010) ‘G2 in G20: China, the United States and the World after the Global Financial Crisis’, Global Policy, 1 (1): 29-39.

Gray, Kevin ; Murphy, Craig N. (2013) ‘Introduction: rising powers and the future of global governance’, Third World Quarterly, 34 (2), pp.183-193.

Haggard, Stephen (2013) ‘Liberal Pessimism: International Relations Theory and the Emerging Powers’, Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 1 (1): 1-17.

Jorgensen, Hugh and Daniela Strub (2014) China, G20 and Global Economic Governance (Sydney: Lowy Institute for International Policy).

Kahler, Miles (2013) ‘Rising Powers and Global Governance: Negotiating Change in a Resilient Status Quo’, International Affairs, 89 (3), pp. 712–29.

Kirton, John (1999) ‘The G7 and China in the Management of the International Financial System’, Unpublished paper. http://www.library.utoronto.ca/g7/scholar/kirton199903/.

Liu, Hongsong and Shaun Breslin (2016) ‘Shaping the Agenda Jointly? China and the EU in the G20’, in Wang and Song (eds.) China, the European Union and International Politics of Global Governance, pp. 95-114.

Liu, Zongyi (2016) ‘The UN, G20, and Global Governance Reform’, All China Review, 8 November. http://www.allchinareview.com/the-un-g20-and-global-governance-reform/.

Shambaugh, David (2013) ‘China and Global Governance’, in China Goes Global: The Partial Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 121-155.

Swaine, Michael D. (2016) ‘Chinese Views on Global Governance Since 2008–9: Not Much New’, China Leadership Monitor, no. 49. http://www.hoover.org/research/chinese-views-global-governance-2008-9-not-much-new.

Zhou, Xin (2015) ‘China’s long journey to centre stage at G20 summit’, South China Morning Post, 28 August. http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2004987/chinas-long-journey-centre-stage-g20-summit.

Seminar Questions:

1. What does China’s initiative to establish AIIB tell us about China’s changing view of and changing role in global economic governance?

2. To what extent is China a revisionist power in terms of global economic governance in the reform of IMF and the World Bank governance structure?

3. Assessing China’s leadership role at both G20 Hangzhou 2016 and G20 Hamburg 2017.

Project:

China and AIIB: Reinventing Asian Regionalism?

Reading for the project:

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Chin, Gregory T. (2016) ‘The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Governance Innovation and Prospects’, Global Governance 22(1), pp. 10–26.

Ren, Xiao (2016) ‘China as an Institution-Builder: The Case of the AIIB’, The Pacific Review, 29 (3), pp. 435-442.

Week 11 China and Global Human Rights Governance: Resisting and Shaping Normative and Institutional Changes

Learning Objectives:

1. To gain a critical knowledge of how China has been socialized into accepting universal human rights and consitutionalizing international human rights regimes; 2. To be able to explain critically China’s changing policies and positions on humanitarian intervention and the emerging norm of R2P; 3. To be able to assess critically China’s active engagement in global human rights governance in the instance of the creation and the operation of the UNHRC.

Essential reading:

Chen, Zheng (2016) ‘China and the Responsibility to Protect’, Journal of Contemporary China, 25 (101), pp. 686-700.

Foot, Rosemary and Rana Siu Iboden (2016) ‘China’s Influence on Asian States During the Creation of the UN Human Rights Council: 2005–2007’, in Goh, Evelyn (ed.) (2016) Rising China’s Influence in Developing Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 237-268.

Fung, Courtney (2016) ‘China and Responsibility to Protect: from Opposition to Advocacy’, Peace Brief, United States Institute of Peace. https://www.usip.org/publications/2016/06/china-and-responsibility-protect-opposition-advocacy.

Nathan, Andrew and Andrew Scobell (2012) ‘Soft Power and Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Policy’, in Nathan and Scobell, China’s Search for Security, pp. 318-342.

Sceats, Sonya with Shaun Breslin (2012) China and the International Human Rights System (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs).

Further reading:

Ahl, Björn (2015) ‘The Rise of China and International Human Rights Law’, Human Rights Quarterly, 37 (3), pp. 637-661.

Alston, Philip (2006) ‘Reconceiving the UN Human Rights Regime: Challenges Confronting the New UN Human Rights Council’, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 7 (1), pp. 185-224. http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbJIL/2006/9.html.

Amnesty International (2017) China 2016/2017. https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/china/report-china/.

Carlson, Allen (2017) ‘Is There Something Beyond No? China and Intervention in a New Era’, in deLisle, Jacques and Avery Goldstein (eds.) China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution), pp. 183-206.

Chen, Dingding (2009), ‘China’s Participation in the International Human Rights Regime: A State Identity Perspective’, Chinese Journal of International Politics, 2 (3), pp. 399-419.

Cohen, Jerome (1973) ‘China and the Intervention: Theory and Practice’, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 121: 471-505. http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5122&context=penn_law_review.

Cohen, Roberta (1987) ‘People’s Republic of China: Human Rights Exception’, Human Rights Quarterly, 9 (4), pp. 447-549.

Davis, Jonathan (2011) ‘From Ideology to Pragmatism: China’s Position on Humanitarian Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era’, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 44 (2): 217-283.

Dong, Yunhu and Liu, Hainan (2008) ‘Human Rights in China: The Chinese Perspective’, http://www.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/units/TaiwanProgramme/Events/chinaHumanRights/Lecture2008DongandLiu.pdf.

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Ferdinand, Peter (2013) ‘The Positions of Russia and China in the UN Security Council in the Light of Recent Crises’, Briefing Paper, Policy Department, Director-General for External Policies of the Union. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2013/433800/EXPO-SEDE_NT(2013)433800_EN.pdf.

Gaer, Felice (2010) ‘Engaging China on Human Rights: The UN Labyrinth’, Human Rights in China. http://www.hrichina.org/en/content/3261.

Garwood-Gower, Andrew (2012) ‘China and the “Responsibility to Protect”: The Implications of the Libyan Intervention’, Asian Journal of International Law, 2 (2): 375-393.

Garwood-Gowers, Andrew (2016) ‘China’s “Responsible Protection” Concept: Reinterpreting the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and Military Intervention for Humanitarian Purposes’, Asian Journal of International Law, 6 (1), pp. 89-118.

Gifkins, Jess (2016) ‘R2P in the UN Security Council: Darfur, Libya and Beyond’, Cooperation and Conflict, 51 (2), pp. 148-165.

Gowan, Richard (2012) ’Who is Winning on Human Rights at the UN?’ http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_who_is_winning_on_human_rights_at_the_un.

Gowan, Richard and Franziska Brantner (2008) A Global Force for Human Rights? An Audit of Euoprean Power at the UN (London: European Council of Foreign Affairs).

Holland, Christopher (2012) ‘Chinese Attitudes to International Law: China, the Security Council, Sovereignty, and Intervention’, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics Online Forum. http://nyujilp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Christopher-Holland-China-the-Security-Council-and-Intervention.pdf.

Human Rights in China (2016) The China Challenge to International Human Rights: What’s at Stake? A China UPR Mid-Term Progress Assessment, http://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/hric_upr_mid_term_assessment_11.06.2016.pdf.

Kent, Ann (1999) China, the United Nations, and Human Rights The Limits of Compliance. (Philadephia: University of Pennsylvania Press).

Kent, Ann (2001) ‘States Monitoring States: The United States, Australia, and China’s Human Rights, 1990–2001’, Human rights Quarterly, 23, pp. 583-624. http://cedar.olemiss.edu/courses/pol324/kentanne.pdf.

Kent, Ann (2007) Beyond Compliance: China, International Organizations, and Global Security. (Stanford: Stanford University Press).

Kinzelbach, Katrin (2014) The EU's Human Rights Dialogue with China: Quiet Diplomacy and its Limits (London and New York: Routlege).

Kinzelbach, Katrin and Hatla Thelle (2011) ‘Taking Human Rights to China: An Assessment of the EU’s Approach’, The China Quarterly, 205, pp. 60–79.

Lee, Walter (2015) ‘China’s Stand on Humanitarian Intervention and R2P: Challenges and the Problematic “West”?’, International Journal of China Studies, 4 (3), pp. 469-484.

Liu, Tiewa (2012) ‘China and Responsibility to Protect: Maintenance and Change of Its Policy for Intervention’, Pacific Review, 25 (1), pp. 153-173.

Liu, Tiewa and Haibin Zhang (2014) ‘Debates in China about the Responsibility to Protect as a Developing International Norm: A General Assessment’, Conflict, Security and Development, 14 (4), pp. 403-427.

Nathan, Andrew and Andrew Scobell (2009) ‘Human Rights and China’s Soft Power Expansion’, Human Rights in China. http://www.hrichina.org/en/content/3174.

Pang, Zhongying (2008) ‘Playing by the Rules: Is China a Partner or Ward?’, Spiegel Online, 17 October. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/playing-by-the-rules-is-china-a-partner-or-ward-a-584758.html.

Potter, Pitman D. (2017) ‘China and the International Human Rights Legal Regime: Orthodoxy, Resistance, and Legitimacy’, in deLisle, Jacques and Avery Goldstein (eds.) China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution), pp. 291-324.

Prantl, Jochen and Rokyo Nakano (2011) Global Norm Diffusion in East Asia: How China and Japan Implement the Responsibility to Protect, NTS Working Paper Series, No. 5, Singapore: RSIS Centre for Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Studies.

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Security Council Report (2016) ‘Human Rights and the Security Council—An Evolving Role’. http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/research_report_human_rights_january_2016.pdf.

Seymour, James and Patrick Yuk-tung Wong (2015) ‘China and the International Human Rights Covenants’, Critical Asian Studies, 4 (4): 514-536.

Shesterinina, Anastasia (2016) ‘Evolving Norms of Protection: China, Libya and the Problem of Intervention in Armed Conflict’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29 (3), pp. 812-830.

Snetkov, Aglaya and Marc Lanteigne (2015) ‘“The Loud Dissenter and its Cautious Partner” – Russia, China, Global Governance and Humanitarian Intervention’, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 15 (1): 113–146.

Sun, Zhe (2010) ‘Normative Compliance and Hard Bargaining: INGOs and China’s Response to International Human Rights Criticism’, in Bell, Daniel and Jean-Marc Coicaud (eds.) Ethics in Action: The Ethical Challenges of International Human Rights Non-governmental Organizations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 151-167.

Swaine, Michael (2012) ‘Chinese Views of the Syrian Conflict’, China Leadership Monitor (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution).

Tao, Jing (2015) ‘China's Socialization in the International Human Rights Regime: why did China reject the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court?’, Journal of Contemporary China, 24 (96), pp. 1092-1110.

Teitt, Sarah (2011) ‘The Responsibility to Protect and China’s Peacekeeping Policy’, International Peacekeeping, 18 (3), pp. 298-312.

Wacker, Gudrun (2012) ‘Norms without Borders? Human Rights in China’, in Foot, Rosemary (ed.) China across the Divide: The Domestic and Global in Politics and Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 175-199.

Zifcak, Spencer (2012) ‘The Responsibility to Protect After Libya and Syria’, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 13 (1), pp. 59-93.

Seminar Questions:

1. In what sense does China’s commitment to international human rights regimes remain ‘empty promises’ in terms of China’s domestic policies and practices?

2. What explains normatively and politically China’s changing position on humanitarian intervention and the evolving norm of R2P?

3. How to explain the paradox of China’s resistance to normative compliance and its active promotion of institutional change at the UNHRC?

Project:

What role, if any, has China played in shaping the institutional design, the normative orientation and the practical operation of the UNHRC?

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Appendix A

Instructions on how to submit essays electronically

1. Log in to Blackboard and select the Blackboard course for the unit you are submitting work for. If you cannot see it, please e-mail spais-ug@bristol.ac.uk with your username and ask to be added.

2. Click on the "Submit Work Here" option at the top on the left hand menu and then find the correct assessment from the list.

3. Select ‘view/complete’ for the appropriate piece of work. It is your responsibility to ensure that you have selected both the correct unit and the correct piece of work.

4. The screen will display ‘single file upload’ and your name. Enter your name (for FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS ONLY) or candidate number (for SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS ONLY) as a submission title, and then select the file that you wish to upload by clicking the ‘browse’ button. Click on the ‘upload’ button at the bottom.

5. You will then be shown the essay to be submitted. Check that you have selected the correct essay and click the ‘Submit’ button. This step must be completed or the submission is not complete.

6. You will be informed of a successful submission. A digital receipt is displayed on screen and a copy sent to your email address for your records.

Important notes

You are only allowed to submit one file to Blackboard (single file upload), so ensure that all parts of your work – references, bibliography etc. – are included in one single document and that you upload the correct version. You will not be able to change the file once you have uploaded.

Blackboard will accept a variety of file formats, but the School can only accept work submitted in .rtf (Rich Text Format) or .doc/.docx (Word Document) format. If you use another word processing package, please ensure you save in a compatible format.

By submitting your essay, you are confirming that you have read the regulations on plagiarism and confirm that the submission is not plagiarised. You also confirm that the word count stated on the essay is an accurate statement of essay length.

If Blackboard is not working email your assessment to spais-ug@bristol.ac.uk with the unit code and title in the subject line.

How to confirm that your essay has been submitted

You will have received a digital receipt by email and If you click on the assessment again (steps 1-4), you will see the title and submission date of the essay you have submitted. If you click on submit, you will not be able to submit again. This table also displays the date of submission. If you click on the title of the essay, it will open in a new window and you can also see what time the essay was submitted.

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Appendix B

Summary of Relevant School Regulations

(Further information is in the year handbook) Attendance at classes SPAIS takes attendance and participation in classes very seriously. Seminars form an essential part of your learning and you need to make sure you arrive on time, have done the required reading and participate fully. Attendance at all seminars is monitored, with absence only condoned in cases of illness or for other exceptional reasons. If you are unable to attend a seminar you must inform your seminar tutor, as well as email spais-absence@bristol.ac.uk. You should also provide evidence to explain your absence, such as a self-certification and/or medical note, counselling letter or other official document. If you are unable to provide evidence then please still email spais-absence@bristol.ac.uk to explain why you are unable to attend. If you are ill or are experiencing some other kind of difficulty which is preventing you from attending seminars for a prolonged period, please inform your personal tutor, the Undergraduate Office or the Student Administration Manager. Requirements for credit points In order to be awarded credit points for the unit, you must achieve:

Satisfactory attendance in classes, or satisfactory completion of catch up work in lieu of poor attendance

Satisfactory formative assessment

An overall mark of 40 or above in the summative assessment/s. In some circumstances, a mark of 35 or above can be awarded credit points.

Presentation of written work Coursework must be word-processed. As a guide, use a clear, easy-to-read font such as Arial or Times New Roman, in at least 11pt. You may double–space or single–space your essays as you prefer. Your tutor will let you know if they have a preference. All pages should be numbered. Ensure that the essay title appears on the first page. All pages should include headers containing the following information:

Formative work Summative work Name: e.g. Joe Bloggs Unit e.g. SOCI10004

Seminar Tutor e.g. Dr J. Haynes Word Count .e.g. 1500 words

**Candidate Number**: e.g. 12345 Unit: e.g. SOCI10004

Seminar Tutor: e.g. Dr J. Haynes Word Count: e.g. 3000 words

Candidate numbers are required on summative work in order to ensure that marking is anonymous. Note that your candidate number is not the same as your student number. Assessment Length Each piece of coursework must not exceed the stipulated maximum length for the assignment (the ‘word count’) listed in the unit guide. Summative work that exceeds the maximum length will be subject to penalties. The word count is absolute (there is no 10% leeway, as commonly rumoured). Five marks will be deducted for every 100 words or part thereof over the word limit. Thus, an essay that is 1 word over the word limit will be penalised 5 marks; an essay that is 101 words over the word limit will be penalised 10 marks, and so on. The word count includes all text, numbers, footnotes/endnotes, Harvard referencing in the body of the text and direct quotes. It excludes, the title, candidate number, bibliography, and appendices.

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However, appendices should only be used for reproducing documents, not additional text written by you. Referencing and Plagiarism Where sources are used they must be cited using the Harvard referencing system. Inadequate referencing is likely to result in penalties being imposed. See the Study Skills Guide for advice on referencing and how poor referencing/plagiarism are processed. Unless otherwise stated, essays must contain a bibliography. Extensions Extensions to coursework deadlines will only be granted in exceptional circumstances. If you want to request an extension, complete an extension request form (available at Blackboard/SPAIS_UG Administration/forms to download and School policies) and submit the form with your evidence (e.g. self-certification, medical certificate, death certificate, or hospital letter) to Catherine Foster in the Undergraduate Office. Extension requests cannot be submitted by email, and will not be considered if there is no supporting evidence. If you are waiting for evidence then you can submit the form and state that it has been requested. All extension requests should be submitted at least 72 hours prior to the assessment deadline. If the circumstance occurs after this point, then please either telephone or see the Student Administration Manager in person. In their absence you can contact Catherine Foster in the UG Office, again in person or by telephone. Extensions can only be granted by the Student Administration Manager. They cannot be granted by unit convenors or seminar tutors. You will receive an email to confirm whether your extension request has been granted. Submitting Essays

Formative essays Summative essays

Unless otherwise stated, all formative essay

submissions must be submitted electronically via Blackboard

All summative essay submissions must be

submitted electronically via Blackboard.

Electronic copies enable an efficient system of receipting, providing the student and the School with a record of exactly when an essay was submitted. It also enables the School to systematically check the length of submitted essays and to safeguard against plagiarism. Late Submissions Penalties are imposed for work submitted late without an approved extension. Any kind of computer/electronic failure is not accepted as a valid reason for an extension, so make sure you back up your work on another computer, memory stick or in the cloud (e.g. Google Drive or Dropbox). Also ensure that the clock on your computer is correct. The following schema of marks deduction for late/non-submission is applied to both formative work and summative work:

Up to 24 hours late, or part thereof Penalty of 10 marks

For each additional 24 hours late, or part thereof

A further 5 marks deduction for each 24 hours, or part thereof

Assessment submitted over one week late

Treated as a non-submission: fail and mark of zero recorded. This will be noted on your transcript.

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The 24 hour period runs from the deadline for submission, and includes Saturdays, Sundays, bank holidays and university closure days.

If an essay submitted less than one week late fails solely due to the imposition of a late penalty, then the mark will be capped at 40.

If a fail due to non-submission is recorded, you will have the opportunity to submit the essay as a second attempt for a capped mark of 40 in order to receive credit points for the unit.

Marks and Feedback In addition to an overall mark, students will receive written feedback on their assessed work.

The process of marking and providing detailed feedback is a labour-intensive one, with most 2-3000 word essays taking at least half an hour to assess and comment upon. Summative work also needs to be checked for plagiarism and length and moderated by a second member of staff to ensure marking is fair and consistent. For these reasons, the University regulations are that feedback will be returned to students within three weeks of the submission deadline.

If work is submitted late, then it may not be possible to return feedback within the three week period.

Fails and Resits If you fail the unit overall, you will normally be required to resubmit or resit. In units where there are two pieces of summative assessment, you will normally only have to re-sit/resubmit the highest-weighted piece of assessment. Exam resits only take place once a year, in late August/early September. If you have to re-sit an exam then you will need to be available during this period. If you are not available to take a resit examination, then you will be required to take a supplementary year in order to retake the unit.

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Appendix C

Level 6 Marking and Assessment Criteria (Third / Final Year)

1st (70+) o Excellent comprehension of the implications of the question and critical understanding of the theoretical & methodological issues

o A critical, analytical and sophisticated argument that is logically structured and well-supported

o Evidence of independent thought and ability to ‘see beyond the question’

o Evidence of reading widely beyond the prescribed reading list and creative use of evidence to enhance the overall argument

o Extremely well presented: minimal grammatical or spelling errors; written in a fluent and engaging style; exemplary referencing and bibliographic formatting

2:1 (60–69) o Very good comprehension of the implications of the question and fairly extensive and accurate knowledge and understanding

o Very good awareness of underlying theoretical and methodological issues, though not always displaying an understanding of how they link to the question

o A generally critical, analytical argument, which shows attempts at independent thinking and is sensibly structured and generally well-supported

o Clear and generally critical knowledge of relevant literature; use of works beyond the prescribed reading list; demonstrating the ability to be selective in the range of material used, and the capacity to synthesise rather than describe

o Very well presented: no significant grammatical or spelling errors; written clearly and concisely; fairly consistent referencing and bibliographic formatting

2:2 (50–59) o Generally clear and accurate knowledge, though there may be some errors and/or gaps and some awareness of underlying theoretical/methodological issues with little understanding of how they relate to the question

o Some attempt at analysis but a tendency to be descriptive rather than critical;

o Tendency to assert/state opinion rather than argue on the basis of reason and evidence; structure may not be entirely clear or logical

o Good attempt to go beyond or criticise the ‘essential reading’ for the unit; but displaying limited capacity to discern between relevant and non-relevant material

o Adequately presented: writing style conveys meaning but is sometimes awkward; some significant grammatical and spelling errors; inconsistent referencing but generally accurate bibliography.

3rd (40–49) o Limited knowledge and understanding with significant errors and omissions and generally ignorant or confused awareness of key theoretical/ methodological issues

o Largely misses the point of the question, asserts rather than argues a case; underdeveloped or chaotic structure; evidence mentioned but used inappropriately or incorrectly

o Very little attempt at analysis or synthesis, tending towards excessive description

o Limited, uncritical and generally confused account of a narrow range of sources

o Poorly presented: not always easy to follow; frequent grammatical and spelling errors; limited attempt at providing references (e.g. only referencing direct quotations) and containing bibliographic omissions.

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Marginal

Fail

(35–39)

o Unsatisfactory level of knowledge and understanding of subject; limited or no understanding of theoretical/methodological issues

o Very little comprehension of the implications of the question and lacking a coherent structure

o Lacking any attempt at analysis and critical engagement with issues, based on description or opinion

o Little use of sources and what is used reflects a very narrow range or are irrelevant and/or misunderstood

o Unsatisfactory presentation: difficult to follow; very limited attempt at providing references (e.g. only referencing direct quotations) and containing bibliographic omissions

Outright

Fail

(0–34)

o Very limited, and seriously flawed, knowledge and understanding o No comprehension of the implications of the question and no attempt

to provide a structure o No attempt at analysis o Limited, uncritical and generally confused account of a very narrow

range of sources o Very poorly presented: lacking any coherence, significant problems

with spelling and grammar, missing or no references and containing bibliographic omissions