poisonous plant class - usda ars … · poisonous plant class advs 586 bryan stegelmeier april 3,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Poisonous Plant ClassADVS 586
Bryan StegelmeierApril 3, 2008
Myotoxic Plants
![Page 2: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Striated Muscle
Types of muscle
Mitochondria
Sarcolemna
![Page 3: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Ultrastructure
![Page 4: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PPRL 2008
![Page 5: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PPRL 2008
![Page 6: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Myotoxic PlantsMuscle structure and physiologyClinical and histologic lesionsMyotoxic Plants
Thermopsis montanaEupathorium rugosumHaplopappus or Aplopappus spp.Cassia occidentalis O. obtusifoliaKwarwinskia humboldtianaGossypium spp.Lathyrus spp.Vicia villosaSolanum spp. (enzootic calcification)
Cardioglycoside Containing PlantsDigitalis purpureaNerium oleanderConvallaria majalis and C. montanaApocynum spp.Adonis aestivalisRhododendron spp.Kalmia spp.Pieris japonica and P. floribunda
Other potential myotoxic plants
![Page 7: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Clinical Signs
.
Anorexia, depression, droopy ears
Reluctant to stand or move
Swollen hard muscle
Walk with slow, labored gait
Weakness, trembling, ataxia
Recumbency, coma, death
![Page 8: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Biochemical Changes
ASTCPKKMyoglobinuriaSecondary changes
![Page 9: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Gross Lesion
Hard swollen musclesPale streaking in muscleSecondary changes
Disuse atrophyCongestive heart failureNephrosisHepatic lipidosis
![Page 10: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PPRL 2008
![Page 11: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Histologic Lesions
![Page 12: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PPRL 2008
![Page 13: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PPRL 2008
![Page 14: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Thermopsis montana of T. rhombifolia- Golden Banner, Mountain Thermopsis, False Lupine, Yellow Pea
A perennial pea like plant with a rhizomatous root system and erect, branching stems that reach a height of 30 to 46 cm. Alternate with three leaflets (lupine has 5+).Bright yellow flowers in dense racemes from the leaf axils Densely haired, erect seed pods that are straight (T. montana) or curved (T. rhombifolia).
![Page 15: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PPRL 2008
MO ID OR WA NE UT COQuinolizidine alkaloids:
n-methylcytisinecytisine5,6 dehydrolupaminethermopsineAnagyrine
1 g/kg BW for 2 to 4 days
![Page 16: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Signs and Lesions
Depression, weakness, trembling, recumbency and death
Edema, arched back, swollen eyelids
Increased serum enzymes
Muscle degeneration and necrosis
![Page 17: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Eupathorium rugosum- snakeroot, white snakeroot, richweed
Epidemics of weakness, nausea, prostration, death
Milk sickness, ‘the slows’(Mrs. Lincoln, General McClellan) ‘trembles’ in cattle
100 years to connect disease with plant
1927 Trematol
![Page 18: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Trematol (mixture of tremetone, dehydroytremetone, dihydroytremetone and hydroxytremetone)Cyrochrome P450 activated and quickly detoxifiedGreen, dry and frosted plant are toxicLipid soluble results in relay of secondary toxicityStiffness, depression, ataxia, sternal recumbency, anorexia, tremors, coma, deathHorses develop CHF
![Page 19: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Disease in Livestock0.5-1.5% BW disease in 7-11 days6 month old hay toxicLactating cows protectedHistology
MyonecrosisHepatic lipidosisHemorrhages and congestionGastroenteritis
![Page 20: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Jimmy Weed, Rayless Goldenrod, Burrow WeedIsocoma pluraflora (Isocoma wrightii),
(Haplopappus heterophyllus)An erect, sparsely branched, woody perennial growing to 1 meter highSticky leaves are linear and alternateYellow numerous flowers form small, terminal flat topped heads of 7 to 15 flowers
![Page 21: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PPRL 2008
![Page 22: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Alkaline soils of drier rangeland, river valleys, drainage areas, and irrigation canals TX, NM, AZ, and COHorses, cattle, sheep and goats1.5% bw toxic in cattle
![Page 23: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Senna or Cassia spp.- coffee weed or coffee sena
Troublesome weeds Troublesome weeds southeastern United States, southeastern United States, Hawaii, Mexico. Opportunist Hawaii, Mexico. Opportunist annuals that grow in waste annuals that grow in waste areas, roadsides, fence lines. areas, roadsides, fence lines. Common as weeds of corn Common as weeds of corn and soybean fields.and soybean fields.Green and dry plants are Green and dry plants are toxictoxicPoison horses, cattle, sheep Poison horses, cattle, sheep and goats.and goats.
![Page 24: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Cassia obtusifolia
Woody, erect, lightly branched annual, 2-3 m tallAlternate pinnate leaves with 4-5 pairs of leaflets spaced on common stalkFlowers are yellow in loose clusters on leaf axilsCurved seed pods (20 cm) are thick, dark brown and slightly flattened with with pale longitudinal stripes and brown seeds
![Page 25: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Most poisoning in cattle occurs in Nov. and Dec. after frosts. Calves are more susceptibleHorses may have liver disease sooner than the myonecrosis.Toxin is unknown but speculated to be substituted quinones- some evidence it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. 0.4-12% BW toxic Skeletal and cardiac toxicityRecovery depends on the severity. Rarely does an animal recover once it has become recumbent.
![Page 26: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Karwinskia humboldtianaCoyotillo, buckthorn, tanglefoot, tullidoraWoody shrub or small treeTX, Mexico and SW StatesGravely hills, canyons, and along arroyosPolyneuropathy with acendingparalysisAnthracenones (T496, T514, T516, T544) usually called tullidinol and possibly other neurotoxinsInterfere with neuronal synthesis and axonal transport Large, long axons most severely affected
![Page 27: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Karwinskia humboldtiana
Cattle most sensitive but poisoning reported in goats, sheep, hogs, fowl, horses and manSignsLesions: Demyelinatingneuropathy, lymphadenopathy, epicardialhemorrhage, skeletal and myocardial degeneration and necrosis, nephrosis and lipidosisAxoplasmal dysruption, wallerian degeneration, myelin degeneration
![Page 28: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Gossypol
Gossypium spp. (cotton plants)Polyphenolic binaphthalenefound in the seedMonogastrics and young ruminants most susceptibleLesions
CSM for several weeksInappetence, weight loss, weakness, ascietes, hydrothroax, CHF, skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration and necrosis, regeneration
![Page 29: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Lathyrus spp.
Europe, Africa, Russia and IndiaPeople eat Lathyrus seedsL. hirsutus, L. incanus, L. pusillus, L. sylvestris, L. odoratus used in USHorses may be more susceptibleBeta-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-aminopropionitrileMetabolized to aminoproprionitrilethat is thought to inhibit collagen cross linking (inhibits lysyl oxidase)Results in osteolathyrism and angiolathyrism- spinal cord and nerve degeneration, vasuclaraneurysms
![Page 30: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Cattle- stilted gait, weak, shift weight oftenHorses- severe weakness, laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring disease), lameness, sudden death
![Page 31: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Vicia villosa
Hairy vetchOK and midwestMyotoxin plus hepatotoxin, and neurotoxinGranulomatous inflammation in heart, skeletal muscle, adrenal glands, kidney, thryroid, brain and lungs (hypersensitivity ?)
![Page 32: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Cestrum diurnum
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferolIncreases Ca absorption from GI, increases Ca mobilization from bone, decreases renal Ca excretionHypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia- >60 product=soft tissue mineralizationCardiac, pulmonary, renal, and gastrointestinal mineralizationDystrophic calcification
![Page 33: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
PPRL 2008
US Solanum spp.
S. verbascifolium, S. torvum, Nierembergiaveitchii, Cestrum diurnum(jessamine, wild jasmine, day cestrum, king of the day, Chinese inkberry) FL
![Page 34: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Enzootic Calcification
Signs/Lesions:Chronic weight loss despite normal appetiteStiffness » lameness »recumbency Pain in the ligaments and tendons Heart murmurs » failureCalcification of tendons, ligaments, and elastic arteries » calcinosis of aorta, pulmonary arteries, heart valves, and endocardium
![Page 35: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Prognosis
Recovery is rare if poisoning is chronicLess severely poisoned animals will probably recover if they are denied further access to the plant and are given a balanced ration.
![Page 36: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Cardiac Glycoside Containing Plants
Digitalis (model compound)100-200 mg/kg lethal8% use results in toxicityBlocks Na/K ATPase causing increased intracellular Na and lowering the membrane potentialResulting increased Ca causes a positive ionotropic effectHigh doses interfere with the cardiac conduction system especially the SA and AV nodesAsystole
![Page 37: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Lesions (Cardiac Glycosides)
Arrhythmias (tachycardia), cold extremities, dilated pupils, blue mucous membranes, sweating, colic, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia, heart block, asystole, and death.Minimal myocardial hemorrhage, myofiber vacuolation with minimal inflammation.
![Page 38: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Digitalis purpurea
FoxgloveBiennial herb from Europe, common on west coastDigtoxin, digoxin, gitoxinToxic green or when dry
![Page 39: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Nerium oleander
Ornamental throughout North AmericaEvergreen shrubNerioside, oleandroside, oleandrin, digitoxigenin, neriin, folinerin, oleandromycin, rosagenin, and odoroside that are similar to digitoxinToxic green and dryMost poisonings from clippings
![Page 40: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Convallaria majalis and C. montana
Lilly of the valleyOrnamental throughout North AmericaC. montana native to eastern USConvallarin, convallarmarin, convallatoxin (cardiac glycosides)All parts, green and dry are toxicSigns persist for 3 weeks including dermatitis and gastrointeritis
![Page 41: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Apocynum spp.
Dogbane, Indiana hempPerennial erect plant of North AmericaGreen and dry plant are toxicRoot used therapeutically
![Page 42: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Adonis aestivalis (Pheasant’s Eye)
Less toxic or more toxic?
![Page 43: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
PPRL 2008
![Page 44: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
PPRL 2008
![Page 45: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
PPRL 2008
![Page 46: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Rhododendron spp.
RhododendronDeciduous shrub found throughout North AmericaAndromedotoxin, grayanotoxin(Alters Na channels)Cattle, sheep, goats, rarely horses and people have been poisonedAll parts both green and dry are toxicGastroenteritis, colic, salivation, epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, vomiting, defecation, weakness, incoordination, paralysis, absent pupillary reflexes, coma, nephrosis, liver degeneration, aspiration pneumonia
![Page 47: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Kalmia spp.
LaurelsEvergreen shrubgrayanotoxin
![Page 48: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Pieris japonica and P. foribunda
Japanese PierisWoody shrubGrayanotoxin
![Page 49: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Other potentially myotoxic plants
Macadamia nuts- transient muscular weakness in dogsHops (Humulus lupulus)- malignant hyperthermia syndrome in dogsIxiolaena brevicompta- Austrialian plant causing tiring syndrome in sheepHelichrysum argyrophaerum- South AfricaGeigeria ornative- South AfricaCytisus scoparius- Scotch broom, leguminous shrub
![Page 50: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Disease of neglect
![Page 51: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Centauria spp.Centauria repens or Acroptilon repens
(Russian knapweed)
![Page 52: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Creeping perennial with black horizontal rootsErect, rather stiff, and branched plant up to 1 meter highStems are covered with soft gray hair or napLower leaves are linear, alternate with toothed marginsLavender-white thistle-like flowers have papery spineless bractsThe grayish seeds are 1-2 mm with bristles at one
![Page 53: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Centauria solstitialis(yellowstar thistle, Barnaby’s thistle)
Annual herbaceous weed, branching from the base up to 30 cm tall Winged ascending branches with cottony hair covered, basal, lobed leavesYellow disc flowers tipped with characteristic stiff yellow spines 1 to 2 cm) long
![Page 54: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Aspartic and glutamic acidsSesquiterpene lactones, solstitialin A 13-acetate and cynaropicrinDopaminergic neurotoxin, 2,3 dihydro-3, 5 dihydroxy-6-methyl-4 (H) pyran-4-1
![Page 55: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Weeks to months of exposureGreen yellow star thistle equal to 86 to 200 percent of their body weight before clinical signs develop
![Page 56: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Chewing Disease
Dysfunction of facial, mouth, and throat muscles (chewing disease)Facial paralysis that causes “smiling”, tongue lolling, protruding tongue, and head tossingDepression, loss of interest in food, dehydration and malnutrition, difficult breathing, incoordination, muscle tremors
![Page 57: Poisonous Plant Class - USDA ARS … · Poisonous Plant Class ADVS 586 Bryan Stegelmeier April 3, ... epiphora, anorexia, depression, nausea, ... PowerPoint Presentation](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022013/5b2a2ccf7f8b9a9c1a8bacb8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
PPRL 2008
Negropallidal encephalomalaciaNecrosis of the substancia nigra and globus pallidus (negropallidalencephalomalacia)As there is no treatment and the disease is irreversible, it is best to avoid exposure.