poetry handbook definitions alliteration the repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the...
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Poetry Handbook Definitions
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Alliteration
The repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginnings of words or syllables.
Example: over the cobbles he clattered and clashed in the…
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Author’s Purpose
The intention of the writer. The purpose of a writing piece maybe to entertain, to explain, to describe, to persuade, or a combination of these four.
Example: In Crossing Jordan, Adrian Foglin’s purpose was to entertain, explain, and describe.
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Description
Writing that seeks to convey the impression of a setting, a person, an animal, an object, or an event by appealing to the senses (touch, smell, hear, sight, taste)Example: “She shut her eyes and felt the sand being wiped off her face by something that seemed like a warm…damp flannel…it was a tongue.” What sense is being appealed to here?
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Extended metaphor
An implied comparison that continues through an entire poem.
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Metaphor
A type of figurative speech that compares seemingly unlike things. In contrast to a simile, a metaphor implies the comparison instead of stating it directly; therefore, it does not use like or as.Example: “The moon was a ghostly galleon tosses upon cloudy seas…” What two things are being compared?
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Topic = Main Idea
The important idea expressed in a paragraph, poem, or essay. Normally it is stated within the written work, but not always.
Example: In “The Teacher Who Changed my Life,” the main idea is stated in the title.
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Mood
The emotional quality or atmosphere of a story or poem. Elements like setting, descriptive writing, and characterization to name a few will help you figure out what the mood is of a writing piece.
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Onomatopoeia
The use of a word or a phrase that actually imitates or suggests the sound of what it describes.
Example: Crash! Boom! Bang! Meow.
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Personification
A type of figurative language in which an animal, object, or an idea is given human form or characteristics.
Example: All the main characters from Kung Fu Panda are examples.
Special note: sometimes personification and metaphors are being used at the same time.
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Point of View
The relationship of the narrator, or storyteller, to the story. 1st person: the story is told by one of the characters, referred to as “I.” Limited 3rd person: the narrator reveals the thoughts of only one character, but refers to that character as “he” or “she.”Omniscient point of view: the narrator is all knowing of all characters’ thoughts and reveals this information to us the readers.
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Repetition The repeating of sounds, words, phrases, lines, or stanzas in a speech or piece of writing.
Repetition increases the feeling of unity in a work.
When a line or stanza is repeated in a poem or song, it is called a refrain.
Consonance- the repetition of consonant sounds
Assonance- the repetition of vowel sounds
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Rhyme
The repetition of sounds at the end of words that appears close to each other in a poem.End rhyme- occurs at the end of linesInternal rhyme- occurs within a single lineSlant rhyme- occurs when words include sounds that are similar but not identical
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Rhyme scheme
The pattern of rhyme formed by the end rhyme in a poem. The rhyme scheme is shown through a series of letters to represent the pattern.
Example: abcb is the rhyme scheme for:Mary had a little lamb …..a
Its fleece was white as snow,…..b
And everywhere that Mary went…..c
The lamb was sure to go. …..b
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Rhythm
The pattern created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Gives poetry a musical quality that helps convey its meaning
Rhythm can have a predictable pattern or an irregular pattern (as in free verse)
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Simile
A type of figurative speech that uses like or as to compare seemingly unlike things.
Example:
“The snow fell hissing in the brine,
And the billows frothed like yeast.”
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Stanza
A group of lines forming a unit in a poem; they are the paragraphs of a poem.
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Theme
The main idea behind a writing piece is usually expressed as a general statement.
A theme usually states some truth, as the author sees it, about life or human nature.
Stated theme- expressed directly in the writing. (rarely)
Implied theme- when the reader must infer from what the author writes. Titles can give clues. (commonly used)
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Tone
Attitude of the narrator toward the subject, ideas, theme, or characters of the text they are writing.
Tone is conveyed through the author’s use of words.
Example: Edgar Allan Poe’s tone toward his poem “Annabel Lee” is that of despair.
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Hyperbole
Exaggeration for dramatic effect
Example: “all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this (murderer’s) hand”
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Graphics
The capital letters, line length, word position of text in writing that add to the meaning of the writing piece.