pocket guidebook tangkahan - tngl

7/31/2019 Pocket Guidebook Tangkahan - TNGL

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no rthern Sum atra, s traddling t he b order

th e p r o v in c e s o f No r th Su m a t r a a n d

angg roe Aceh Darussalam , and covering

094,692 he c ta res (ha) , l ies th e Gu nu ng

u ser Nation al Park (GLNP). Estab lish ed

1 9 8 0 , th e p a r k t a k e s i t s n a me f r o m

o u n t Le u s e r , wh o s e p e a k s t r e t c h e s to

4 0 4 m a b o v e s e e l e ve l . To g e th e r wi th

ukit Barisan Selatan and Kerinci Seblat

a t i o n a l P a r k s , i t f o r m s t h e T r o p i c a l

inforest Heritage of Sumatra UNESCO

or ld Her itag e Si te ( inscr ibed in 2004) .

u ser wa s a lso d ec la red by UNESCO as

Biosp he re Reserve in 19 80, an d b y ASEAN

cretar iat as ASEAN Heritage Park in 1984.

e GLNP is locat ed within th e 2 .6 million h a Leuser Ecosystem (LE), an d is

e las t p lace wh ere po tent ia lly v iable po pu la t ions o f Sum atran Elep han ts ,

anguta ns , Tigers and Rhinos ex ist an d the only p lace in the na tu ra l wor ld

h e r e th e y a r e f o u n d to g e th e r. Th e LE re p r e s e n t s a c o m p le x , a m a z in g ly

verse, bu t ab ove a ll, f rag ile h ab itat. The re exists a w ide ran ging , de licate ly

lanced ne t work of an im al and p lant sp ec ies , of which jus t a se lec t ion of

e m a r e in t r o d u c e d in th is b o o k le t .

ng kahan, re fe r red t o as the h idde n p aradise of Gunun g Leuser Nat iona l

rk, is an ecot ou rism area in th e Langkat distr ict of North Sum atra, just twou rs dr ive from the ne ighb or ing ecoto ur ism s i te of Bukit Lawan g o r three

urs drive from Med an. In th e 1980s an d 1990s, local pe op le were actively

t t ing do wn trees i llega l ly f rom the park for comm erc ia l t im be r. However ,

e r a t ime th e p e o p le b e c a m e a wa r e o f th e d a m a g e s wr o u g h t b y su c h

t ivity and the e r rors of the ir ways , and thu s co l lec t ive ly dec ided to s to p

Co m m o n n a m e

Lat in nam e

Local nam e

Long - ta iled Macaque

Macac a fasc icu laris

Monyet ekor panjangAp p e a r a n c e : Bod y fur varies from grey

reddish brown with l ighte r und er par ts

h a s a n o t i c e a b le p o in te d c re s t o n th e h

wh ere th e h a ir grows b ackwards . Face i

pinkish. Males have che ek wh iskers and

m ustache . Fem ales have b eards . Males

5-8kg we ight wh ile fema les a re abo ut 3

H o m e r a n g e : 25-200 ha .

Diet : Omn ivorous f ru i t makes u p 64%

diet, with se ed s, bu ds, leaves, an d an ima

(frogs , insec ts and c rabs) a lso co nsum e

Beh avioural Ecolog y : Diurna l and sem

ter res tr ia l . They a re go od swimm ers an

ju m p in to w a te r fro m n e a rb y t re e s. The

in mu lti-m ale mu lti-fem ale group s of an

f rom 10 to 100 indiv idu a ls.

i llega l log ging an d t ransform the a rea in to an ecoto ur ism des t ina t ion

in April 2001, the residen ts gath ered a nd passed local regulations proh

i llega l explo ita t ion o f the fores t an d es tab l ished the Tang kahan Tour

Institu te (Lem ba ga Pariwisata Tan gkah an, or LPT).

LPT es tab l ished an MoU w ith GNLP Manage m ent in Apr il 2002 to m a

the Tang kahan forest for ecotou rism purpo ses. LPT developed the Com m

Tou r Operato r (CTO) system , wh ich p rovide s accom m od ation an d loc

gu ides for visitors . In ad dition to am azing GLNP forest t rekking in the

Tang kaha n is also th e b ase o f th e Conse rvation Respo nse Un it (CRU)

cons is t ing o f a team of ex-capt ive Sum atran Elephan ts and th e ir m ah(e leph ant te nd ers ) tha t r egula r ly pa tro ls the na t iona l park to p ro tec t

any p oss ib le en croachm ent . Visi tors can a lso d o e lephan t jung le t r ek

fo r o n e o r two h o u r s b y jo in in g th e m a h o u ts a to p a n e le p h a n t ' s b a c

s tro ll th rough the fores t , o r en joy four d ays three n igh ts e lepha nt jun

trekking from Tangkahan to Bukit Lawan g.

T h i s p o c k e t g u i d e b o o k i s

in te n d e d to h e lp yo u id e n t if y

w h a t y o u c a n s e e a n d a ls o t o

u n d e r s ta n d m o r e a b o u t e a c h

s p e c ie s m o r p h o lo g y , e c o lo g y ,

and b eh aviou r. Given the great

a m o u n t o f m a m m a l a n d b i rd

sp ecie s living in GLNP, we ha ve

s e l e c t e d s o m e o f t h e m o s t

i m p r e s s i v e t o b e b r i e f l y

d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s b o o k l e t .

auna

Sumatran Elephant

Eleph as m axim us sum atranus

Gajah sumatera

Ap p e a r a n c e :The sma lles t of the As ian sub-

spe cies and also sm aller th an its African relative.

The e ars a re sm alle r and the back is m ore

r o u n d e d s o th a t th e c r o wn o f th e h e a d i s th e

highe s t poin t of the b od y. One o f the

characte r istic feat ures are the m od ified incisor

tee th kno wn as tusks, how ever, only some m ale

Asian e leph ant s have tusks, wh ilst fem ales

(cows) have ' tushe s ' ins tead , tha t a re se ldom

visible.

Ho m e r a n g e : Elep han ts range o ver large areas.

Ho me r a n g e s o f mo r e th a n 6 0 0 k m h a v e b e e n

recorde d for fem ales in sou th India. Gen erally,

the Sum atran Elephan t has sm alle r hom e ranges izes of 30160 km for females and 53345

km for m ales .

Diet : Due to th eir s ize and en ergy req uirem ents

Eleph ants nee d to con sum e la rge q uant i t ies of

food e veryday (150-300 kg/d ay). The y eat a

g e n e r a lis e d d ie t a n d b r o ws e a n d g r a z e o n a

var ie ty of p lants . The hab i ta t type and season

d e te r m in e w h a t ty p e s o f p la n t th e y e a t .

Beh avioural Ecolog y : Diurnal and terrestr ial.

Th e y ma y s p e n d u p to 1 4 to 1 9 h o u r s a d a y

feed ing. The y can d efecate 16 to 18 time s a d ay.

m m o n n a m e

t in n am e

cal nam e

Gunu ng Leu ser Nationa l ParkGunun g Leuse r Nat ion al Park Gunun g Leuse r Nat ion al ParkGunu ng Leu ser Nationa l Park

Fauna

GLNP forest

Distribution map

1

c FFI

3

Sumatran elephant

Co m m o n n a m e

Lat in nam e

Local nam e

Pig- ta i led Macaque

Ma c a c a n e m e s t rin a

Beruk

Ap p e a r a n c e : The Pig-tailed Macaq ue is

character ised b y its sho rt tail that is carr i

e r e c t a n d s o m e wh a t r e s e m b le s a p ig ' s.

Buluh river, Tang

c FFI

Long-tailed Macaque

Simone Sauren

Distribution map

c Adriano Lameira


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M a m m a l sSumatran Orangu tan (Pongo abelii), Tho m as Lea f Monke y

(Presbyt is tho m asi), Lar Gibb on (Hy lob at e s la r), Slow Loris

(Ny ct ice b u s c o u ca n g ) , Sum atran Rhino (Dic e ro rh in u s

sum atrensis sum atrensis), Malayan Sunb ear (He la rct o s

m alayanus ), O t te r (Lu t ra sp.), Red Gian t Flying Sq uirrel

(Petaurista petau rista), Wild Dog (Cuon alpinu s), Hog

Badg er (Arc to n yx c o llaris ) , Lesse r Mouse de er (Tragulus

jav an icu s) , Large Mou sed ee r (Tragulus n apu ), Barking De er

(Mu n tia cu s m u n tja k) , Samb ar Dee r (Cervus u nicolor) , Clou de d Leop ard (Ne

nebu losa) , Flat-he ad ed Cat (Prionailurus planicep s) , Tem m inck's Golden C

(Catopum a tem m inck ii) , Leo pa rd Cat (Prionailurus b en galen sis), Flying Le

(Cynocep halus variegatus ).

Reptiles

Swamp crocodi le (Croco dy lus palustris), Estu arine

Croco dile (Crocod ylus porosus ), Flyin g Frog

(Rh ac ap h o ru s p ard alis ), Flying Sna ke (Crysopelus sp.),

com m on Flying Lizard (Draco vo lan s), Haw ksb ill Tu rtle

(Eretm oche lys imb ricata), Lea th erb ack Tur tle

(De rm o ch e lys co riace a), Wate r Mon itor (Varanus salvator).

Birds

Ar g u s p h e a s a n t (Argu sianu s argus), Asian Pied Hornb ill

(Anth racoceros albirostris), Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros

rhinoceros), White-bellied Sea-eagle (Haliaeetus

leucogaster), Blue-crowne d Han ging Parro t (Loriculus

galgulus), Osprey (Pand ion h aliaetu s).

auna

auna

5

Fauna

This spec ies ha s a brow n coa t with a l ight e r

und ers ide and its legs a re long and s trong . The

m uzzle is long an d lacks ha ir tho ug h m ales

have m ane - like ha ir s sur round ing th e face ,

g iv ing th em a m ajes t ic app earance . When

fem ales a re recep t ive to m ating the y deve lop

large swelling s on th e rum p. Adult fem ales can

a lso be ident i fied b ecause they weigh a round

ha lf the size of m ales. Male weigh s 6.2 to 14.5

kg and fem ale 4 .7 to 10 .9 kg

H o m e r a n g e : 62-828 ha

Diet : Fruits an d seed s pred om inan t ly. Also o n

insects , birds, term ite eg gs a nd larvae, and r iver

crabs, leave s, bu ds an d f low ers. May raid r ipe

corn c rops an d o il pa lms as wel l.

Beh avioural Ecology : Diurnal an d

predo m inan tly terrestrial bu t spend s som e time

in th e t r ees . The Pig- ta iled Macaque spen ds

mo r e t ime o n th e f o re s t flo o r a n d in th e o p e n

than o th er Macaques , whe re it forages for

leaves, bu ds, sho ots, insects an d sm all anim als.

It has ch eek p ouch es to car ry food while i t

forages , and of ten re tu rns to th e sa fe ty of the

tree s to feed . This Macaqu e is a social pr ima teand l ives in g roup s izes of 5 40 (average 15-

22) ind ividu a ls, tho ug h t he group sp l its in to

Suma tran Tiger

Panth era tigris su m atrae

H a rim a u s u m a t e r a

Ap p e a r a n c e : The sm allest o f all exist ing t iger

sub -spe c ies . Dis t inc t ive orang e and b lack-

s t r ipe d fur . Chin th roa t an d u nd ers ide s a re

whi t ish wh ile th e n eck has a sho r t ma ne . Males

w e i g h a b o u t 1 4 6 k g a n d Fe m a le s 9 1 k g .

H o m e r a n g e : Home ranges a re na r row, a round

w h e r e p r e y a re a b u n d a n t (a p p r o x 2 0 k m 2).

Diet : Wild p igs and var ious d eer spe c ies m ake

up the bu lk of the t igers d ie t . They n eed to k i ll

app roxim ate ly 50 la rge p rey an imals per year

to su rvive. The y are op po rtun ist ic and will also

ea t b i rds , rode nts , insec ts , amp hib ians an d

rept i les in ad di t ion to o the r mam m als such asPrim ate s and Porcup ines. The y will also hu nt

p r e y m u c h l a rg e r t h a n t h e m s e lv e s a n d h a v e

bee n known to take both Eleph ants and Rhinos .

Beh avioural Ecolog y : Terre strial. Gen era lly

solitary with ad ults ma intaining exclusive

te r r ito r ies . Adu lt fem ale ho m e range s ra re ly

over lap w herea s male hom e range s typ ica lly

over lap 1-3 fem ales .

m m o n n a m e

t in nam e

cal nam e

Distribution map

Sumatran tiger

Distribution map

ther faun aa dd it ion to t he descr ibe d sp ec ies , in GLNP you can a lso f ind a t leas t 194

ec ies of r ep t i les and am ph ibians , 387 b ird an d 127 m am m al spec ies ,

Co m m o n n a m e

Lat in n am e

Local nam e

Siamang

Sym phalangu s syndactylus

Siamang

Ap p e a r a n c e : Black all over and a large

bu ild, relative to th e lar gibb on . Adults

dark grey throa t sac which the y inf la te

they m ake the ir grea t ca ll and a lways pr

du e t s ing ing for a pa ir bo und ing func t i

Males we igh 12-15kg and Fem ales 10-1

Ho m e r a n g e : 15-50 ha .

Diet : Altho ug h p r im ar ily a lea f ea te r o n

m ainland o f its rang e, in Sum atra it is pri

a fruit ea ter , feed ing m ainly on f igs.

Beh avioural Ecology : Diurnal and str ic

arbo real. The y are h ighly terr itor ial an d

pr imar ily mo no gam ous w ith of fspr ing

family group.

Terry Whitaker

Siamang

Distribution map

sma ller un its to forage. Fem ales remain i

nat al grou p. Males will disperse sho rtly

the y reach sexua l matu r ity .

7

Fauna

with jus t a sho r t li st g iven h ere . Ask a GLNP rang er o r your g u ide w hich o

the y 've seen , and kee p an e ye ou t fo r the m you rse lf !

c Wahdi Ismail

Nick Lyon

Sumatran ora

Flying

Rhinoceros h

c Wikipedia

c Mahdi Ismail

Pig-tailed MacaqueNickLyon

cMikePerez

Pig-tailed Macaque


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Flora

www.orangutancentre.org

www.orangutans-sos.org

9

t least 8,500 different p lant spe cies grow in the d iffer ing ha bitat b locks of

e GLNP.

th e b each and swam p fores t , you m ay find Casuar ina Trees (Casuar ina

p.), Wild Nut m eg (Myristica sp .) , Camp ho r or Kap ur Baros (Dry o b alan o p s

rom atica) , Nibu ng Palms, Rot an (Calam ussp.), Man gro ve Tree s or Api-api

Avicennia sp . ) and Pandan (P a n d a n u s sp.). Mat oa (P o me t ia p i n n a t a ) g r o ws

ong r ivers.

t he lowland forest, trees like

Merant i (Shorea sp .), Ke ruin g

Dip te roca rpus sp.), Dam ar (Hopeap.) an d several wild fruit t rees like

urian (Du rio z ib e th in u s), Man go

Ma n g ife ra in d ica ), wild ban an a,

trus fruit and wild jack fruit grow

a b u n d a n c e .

th e m o u n ta in a n d a lp in e wo o d s

evera l spec ies of mo ss and wild

ow ers grow : g e n t i a n s, pr imulas, s trawb erry, he rbs, an d wild orchids a re

u nd . The Raf fle sia arn o ld ii a lso g rows here .

or furth er inform ation , please visit the ne arest GLNP Visitor Cen tre o r visit

he w ebs i te (www.gunungleuser.or.id). You ca n also visit th e b elow w eb site

s we l l a s d o wn lo a d th i s p o c ke t g u id e b o o k a t :

Durian tree

c YOSL-O

IC

Flora

Rafflesia, Corp se flow er

Raf fle sia arn o ld ii

Bunga bangkai/Bunga raff lesia

Descript ion : The wo rlds largest ind iv

flower , foun d only in Sum atra and the

neigh bo uring island of Borneo . It can w

as m uch a s 11kg wh en fully grown , wi

dark p ink and red p e ta ls growing up t

lo n g .It is a parasitic plan t an d lacks a

leaves, s tem s or roo ts. It ob tains nu tr i

from hos t p lan t wh ich i t a t tache s to . Ir a ther morbid comm on n am e is the c

f low er, as it is said to e m it a very pun

sme ll used to a t t r ac t po l lina t ing insec

with in the de nse fores t .

Co m m o n n a m e

Lat in n am e

Local nam e

Titan aru m

Am o rp h o p h allu s t itan u m

Bung a ban gkai suwe g raksasa

Descript ion : The t i tan a rum s tand s a

m etres ta l l, sur round ed b y an unfur li

m aroon and green pet al- like m antle. H

only be en success fu l ly cu l t iva ted out

its or igina l areas tw elve tim es, th is elu

flower b loom s only for a few d ays bef

col laps ing un der i ts ow n weight . It is

end em ic to the fores ts of Suma tra .

Co m m o n n a m e

Lat in n am e

Local nam e

Titan arum

Raff lesia

c YOSL-OIC

c Mike O. Griffiths

RULE 5 : When you a re in th e ra infores t b ehave prop er ly a t a l l t im es

Prop er be haviours:

Do n ot lea ve an y li t ter in th e forest e .g . t issues, wate r bot t les, c iga re

end s, food lef tovers . It m ust be ca rr ied ou t of the forest an d the n

disposed o f. This includes frui t skins (such a s ba na na , oran ge,

ram buta n) wh ich can b e ha za rdous due to d isease t r ansm iss ion r i

1 1

For your safety and enjoyme nt , please rem em be r the following g uidel ines

be fore you en ter the na t ional park. These gu ide l ine s wi ll lead to a m ore

natu ra l, unique and rewarding t ime in the fores t.

Rule 1 : P lease o bta in a pe rmit a t th e v isitor centre o f the n a t iona l park

b e f o re y o u e n te r th e p r o te c te d a r e a .

Rule 2 : All visitors m ust b e acco m pa nied b y an o fficial and trained g uide

du r ing the ir journey with in the n a t iona l park .

Rule 3 : The m axim um num be r of vis itor s per g roup is 7 .

This con t ro ls the r isk o f hum an im pa c t s an d o p t imises v iewing

experience. Visitor grou p s ize can affect th e be ha viour o f the a nima ls

a nd a s a resul t the vis itors experience. Where g roup s of vis itors a re

too h igh in num ber , the an ima ls become s t r e ssed and n e rvous an dm ove aw ay from visi tor group s, so the fewer the group s ize the b et ter .

RULE 4 : Visitors wh o are sick are not a llow ed to g o trekking.

Visitors mu st not e nte r the forest if the y are feeling un we ll or recentlyha d a n illness an d/o r diarrhoe a. It is each visitors m oral respon sibilityto report a ny s ign o f disease to th eir guide before enter ing the forest .Spend ing t im e a round a n ima ls such a s o ran gu ta ns wh i ls t unwel lcan ser iously r isk infect ing th em , wh ich could ea sily resul t in th eird e a t h - a n d h a s , in t h e p a s t .

If a ran ger or gu ide feels that a vis itor is no t well eno ug h to e nterthe forest , i t is within h is/he r au tho rity to refuse en try to th e visi tor.

D O N O T L E A V E

A N Y L IT T E R

I N T H E F O R E S T


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If t h e a n i ma l co m e s clo s e , m o v e a w a y a n d m a i n t a in m in im u m

securi ty dis tan ce.

Vis ito r s shou ld t ry an d avo id d irec t eye con ta c t w ith the an im a ls .Some a n ima ls such a s g rea t ap es use d irec t eye con ta c t a s a th rea t

ges tu re .

Do no t sm oke, eat , dr ink, cough , sneeze or spi t in th e presence of wildl ife .

D o n o t c le a r ve g e t a t io n t o g e t a b e t t e r v ie w .

D o n o t u s e f la s h p h o t o g r a p h y. U n e xp e c t e d fla s h e s fr o m c a m e r a s ca n

cause s t r e s s to the an im a ls (m ean ing they wi ll leave th e a rea q u ickly ).

Also , f la sh pho tograp hy can ca use re t ina l dam ag e to th e eyes o f g rea t

a p e s .

t is the respon sibi lity of every person e nte ring the forest to he lp e nsuring

he survival of the crit ically end ang ered species and hab itat of the Gunun g

Leu ser Nation al Park.

1 5

D O N O T T O U C H

T H E A N I M A L S

Na m e : .................... ...................... ....................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ....

Na t io n a lity : ............................................................................................................................

Em a il a d d re ss : ......................................................................................................................

N ot e s & Co m m e n t s

Please use t h i s spa ce t o record an y in t e res t i ng sp ec i es , expe r ien ces , o r ethat occu r du ring your visit . If you like, you ca n su bm it this form to th e Nat

Park office/ visitor cen tre for th ei r record s. You can also e m ai l us an y com ma t in f o @o r a n g u t a n c e n t r e .o r g

RULE 6: In th e presen ce of wild an imals you sho uld beh ave prope r l

Prop er be haviours:

Ma in tain a m in im u m d ist an ce o f a t le as t 7 t o 10 m e te rs b e tw e

the visitor group and th e anim als. If an animal such as an Orang

m ove s tow ards th e visitor group, it is the resp onsibility of bo th

visitors as we ll as the gu ide to m ove back to at least this minim

safe distance .

Do n o t ca ll ou t to th e w ild an im als su ch as Ora n g u tan s a n d o th

p rim at e s.

Show respe ct for the w ild anim als by b eing as silent as possible

u s in g g o o d b o d y l an g u a g e (n o sh o u t in g , n o su d d en m o vem en

n o m a k in g m o n key so u n d s e t c .)Lou d n o ise ca n b e in te rp re te d

a threat by the an im als and the y can respond ei ther by f leeing

threa ten ing back.

Unde r any circum stances, do NOT attem pt to FEED or TOUCH

animals.

D O N O T F E E D

T H E A N I M A L S

1 3

Do no t d i stu rb o r r emove a ny th ing from th e fo res t such a s f lowers ,

insects , seeds et c . Lea ves, seeds a nd shel ls a l l p lay a role within th e

fo res t ecosystem an d shou ld no t be t a ken ou t .

Vis ito r s shou ld no t ea t wh il st in the p resen t o f an ima ls a s th i s inc reases

the r i sk o f bo th d i sease t r ansm iss ion an d a t t acks f rom wi ld l if e such a s

Orangu tan s . Wate r bo t t l e s a re accep ta b le bu t shou ld be t aken ou t o f

the forest with th e vis itors .

Vis ito r s mu s t no t lo se con ta c t w i th the gu ide . Man y o f the t r a i ls lead

deep in to th e fo res t an d i t is easy to becom e los t .

If you m us t de feca te you shou ld d ig a h o le a t l eas t 30cm deep . You can

borrow a pa rang /m ach ete from your guide. All faecal ma ter ia l an d t issue

m us t be bu r ied .

D O N O T R E M O V E

A N Y P LA N T S

T HEY M A Y

G ET S I C K !

T H EY M A

G R A B Y O


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Produced by :

c 2009

Supported by :

Cover photo sources :Sumatran Tiger ( c LIF), Siamang ( c Terry Whitaker), Sumatran Elephant ( c FFI),

Hornbill ( c Viva News), others ( c YOSL-OIC)

CTOTangkahan

GLNPVisitorCentre/Entrance

HotSpring

Panor

ama

Stream

BeringinPencekik(stranglingf

ig)

Lodges

Butter

flyView

KenanganWaterfall

ElephantRanch

GambirRiver

ConservationResponUnit

BatCave

HotSpring

TANGKAHANT

RAILMAP

AREA

OFINTEREST

0

50

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300

400Meters

Panorama

BatangRiver

FamilyT

rail

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Trail2T

rail3

FromMedan

STREAM

ROAD

TRAIL

RIVER

GUNUNGL

EUSER

NATIONALPARK

BuluhRiver

pocket guidebook tangkahan - tngl

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