pneumatics & hydraulics - grafton school district...• hydraulics: use oil & other liquids...

Energy, Power & Transportation Technology

Chapter 10 Fluid Power

Pneumatics (gas) & Hydraulics (liquid)

Use the Textbook Pages 227 254 to help answer the questions


Why You Learn So Well in Tech & Engineering Classes


1. Fluid power systems use the energy found in ___________ & ___________ to perform work.

Liquids & Gases Liquids & Solids Solids & Gases

Pg. 227


2. ________________ systems control & transmit energy through the use of oils & liquids similar to oils.

Pneumatic Hydraulic Vacuum

Pg. 228


3. ______________ systems control & transmit energy through the use of gases from our atmosphere.

http://team358.org/files/pneumatic/5PCYL.gif

Pneumatic Hydraulic Vacuum

Pg. 228


4. The big advantage of fluid power is its ability to _____________ _________ to generate strength.

Multiply Torque Multiply Force Multiply Distance

Pg. 229


5. Fluids (liquids & gases) will flow from an area of ________ pressure to an area of ______ pressure.

More to Less High to Low

Pg. 230


6. A pressure __________ measures the difference in the pressure within a fluid circuit as compared to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. (14.7 psi at sea level) (GHS is 794 ft. above sea level)

Gauge Wrench Valve

Pg. 231


Slow meter Flow meter Grow meter

7. A ________ is a device that measures the rate of flow in a fluid power system.

Pg. 231


8. Flow rate in a pneumatic system is expressed in ______ ______ per _______ (CFM).

Cubic Feet per Hour Cubic Feet per Second Cubic Feet per Minute

Pg. 231


9. Flow rate in a hydraulic system is expressed in ________ per _______ (GPM).

Gallons per Hour Gallons per Minute Gallons per Second

Pg. 231


10. _______ is the measurement of a fluids’ resistance to flow or internal friction.

Viscosity Velocity Volumetric

Pg. 232


11. Hydraulic __________ supply & transmit the pressure needed to operate a hydraulic power system.

Pumps Motors Gauges

Pg. 233


12. Pumps can be either _______ displacement or ___________ displacement .

Positive or NonPositive

Pg. 234


13. Name the types of pumps pictured below.

Gear Vane or Piston

Centrifugal

Pg. 236


14. The pump in a pneumatic system is the ______ __________________.

Air Compressor Air Depressor Air Regressor

Pg. 236


15. Compressors are often mounted on a tank or __________ that stores a large volume of air.

Reservoir Box Shed

Pg. 236 & 237


16. ______ couplers fasten air hoses & pneumatic tools to the lines in a shop.

Slow Quick Handy


17. To prevent dirt & ___________ from entering a pneumatic system, the air is filtered & dried.

Moisture Air Gasoline Pg. 238


18. A variable ________ restrictor can start or stop the flow of air in a pneumatic system.

Flow Air Gasoline Variable Flow Restrictor

Pg. 238


19. A pressure ________ valve controls pressure coming from the compressor.

Regulating Relief Restrictor

Pg. 239


20. A pressure ________ valve is placed in a pneumatic system to limit the maximum pressure. (a.k.a. burpoff valve)

Regulating Relief Restrictor

Pg. 239


21. Directional control valves are often called ________ valves because of the way they are constructed.

Spool School Stool

Pg. 239


22. Actuators, like those below can be either ________ acting or _______ acting cylinders.

Single or Double

Pg. 244


23. Fluid __________ are devices that convert fluid power into rotary motion. (Vanetype & Geartype)

Motors Pumps Gauges

Pg. 244


Safety rules to follow when working with any fluid power system are:

* Always adjust pressurerelief valves to provide a safe OPERATING pressure.

* Always wear SAFETY glasses or a face shield to protect your eyes.

* Make necessary changes and adjustments to fluid circuits when they are NOT under pressure.

* Always respect the PRESSURE in fluid circuits & the SPEED at which cylinders can move.

Pg. 246


25. Boyle’s Laws remind us that liquids are not ______________, but gases are.

Flammable Compressible Sensible

Pg. 246


8 Cubic Feet

2 Cubic Feet

70 PSI

324 PSI


26. Pascal’s Laws mathematically relate __________, _______________, and _______ in hydraulic circuits

Force, Pressure, Area Volts, Amps, Ohms Rate, Distance, Time

Pg. 248


Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know

Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests

Main Ideas

__________

__________

__________

Supporting Details

________________

________________

________________

TOP CRISS 2 Column Notes




TOP CRISS Highlight Your Study Guides Before Tests




TOP CRISS Read 3 Times




TOP CRISS Ask Yourself These Questions


• Hydraulics: Use oil & other liquids to transmit force and to multiply force

• Pneumatics: Use compressed air, nitrogen, and other gases to transmit force and to multiply force

• Liquids & Gases both flow from high to low pressures

• A pressure gauge measures system pressure

• A flowmeter measures the rate of flow CFM or GPM

• Viscosity: Resistance of a liquid to flow (thickness)


• Pumps: Supply a volume of flow

• Restrictions: Cause the pressure

• The pump in a pneumatic system is the air compressor

• Reservoirs hold a volume of fluid in both hydraulic & pneumatic systems

• QuickConnect fittings are used in both pneumatic & hydraulic systems

• Air must be conditioned by filtering & drying it


• Always adjust pressurerelief valves to provide a safe operating pressure.

• Always wear safety glasses or a face shield to protect your eyes.

• Make necessary changes and adjustments to fluid circuits when they are not under pressure.

• Always respect the pressure in fluid circuits and respect the speed at which cylinders can move.


• Boyle’s Law

• Boyle's Law relates the volume and pressure of an ideal gas held at a constant temperature.

Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 – 30 December 1691) was an AngloIrish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor, and early gentleman scientist, noted for his work in physics and chemistry. He is best known for the formulation of Boyle's law. Although his research and personal philosophy clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, he is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry. He is very famous in the science world for being the first scientist that kept accurate experiment logs. Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry.


Pascal's Law states that if you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can't flow to anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate.

10 Square Inches

40 Square Inches

10,000# 40,000#

1000 PSI


• Pascal’s Law

• Blaise Pascal (pronounced [blez pɑskɑl]), (June 19, 1623 – August 19, 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the construction of mechanical calculators, the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalizing the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote powerfully in defense of the scientific method.

• He was a mathematician of the first order. Pascal helped create two major new areas of research. He wrote a significant treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the age of sixteen and corresponded with Pierre de Fermat from 1654 and later on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social science.

• Following a mystical experience in late 1654, he abandoned his scientific work and devoted himself to philosophy and theology.

Pascal's Law states that if you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can't flow to anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate.


Input Force

Output Force

2 In 2 Piston Area

18 In 2 Piston Area

9:1 Mechanical Advantage


Automotive Brake System

pneumatics & hydraulics - grafton school district...• hydraulics: use oil & other liquids...

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