pneumatic and hydraulic symbols
TRANSCRIPT
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HYDRAULICS AND
PNEUMATICS
SYMBOLS
Presented By: Shashank Jain(A-24)Vipul Jain (A-25)Samar Jain (A-40)
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INTRODUCTION
A study of operation of hydraulic & pneumatic system is more convenient if a diagram of the system or circuit is available.
A schematic diagram indicates the function of various parts.
A set of fluid power symbols approved by the AMERICAN STANDARDS INSTITUTE, Inc. is as shown
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RULES FOR SYMBOL1. Symbols are used to show connections , flow paths
and functions of the components represented.
2. Conditions occurring during transition from one flow-path arrangement to another can be indicated by symbols.
3. Symbols are not used to indicate construction , and they are not used to indicate values , such as pressure , flow rate , and other component setting.
4. The locations of ports , direction of shifting of spools and the positions of the control elements on the actual component are not indicated by symbols.
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GENERAL SYMBOLS
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A working line or pipe line carrying either oil or air under pressureA pilot line , usually running from a pilot valve to a master valve
Flexible line , usually a rubber hose , such as used to connect a pivot-mounted cylinder
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Connector , as used in piping layout
Indicates the flow direction of oil
Indicates the flow direction of the air
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Indicates that a line passes another line ,but is not connected to it
A pressure line and a connector , representing a T-connectionA junction of four pressure lines
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Elbow . These are usually not shown on a schematic diagram
A plug or a plugged connection
A pressure line with a plugged connection
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LINES FOR HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT
-------------- Drain line
A line to the reservoir , entering the reservoir above the fluid level in reservoir or tank
Line with fixed restriction
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LINES FOR PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT
-------------- Exhaust lines used to pipe the exhaust in from a control valve
A restricted pressure line . Can be accomplished either by reducing the pipe size or by adding a restriction to the line
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HYDRAULIC PUMPS
A fixed-displacement pump has a fixed number of gallons of oil per minute leaving the pump
A variable-displacement pump is one in which rate of oil flow leaving the pump may be varied
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AIR COMPRESSORS
An air compressor with a fixed displacement . A fixed number of cubic feet of air per minute can enter the compressor
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MOTOR AND CYLINDERS ( HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC )
Rotary motor with a fixed displacement . The output shaft from the motor rotates , and the volume rate of flow through the motor is fixed.
oil air
airoil
Rotary motor with a variable displacement . The output shaft from the motor rotates at various speed when the volume rate of flow varies.
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Single-acting cylinder . The oil or compressed air acts only on one side of the piston.
Double-acting cylinder, single-end rod . The oil or air acts on either side of piston . The rod passes through one end of cylinder.Double-acting cylinder , double-end rod . The fluid acts on either side of piston . The rod extends through each end of the cylinder.
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M
MISCELLANEOUS UNITS ( HAYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC )
Electric motor used to drive either an air compressor or a hydraulic pumpIntensifier or booster contains a piston having a different area on each of its two ends. Low pressure acts on the larger piston face to develop a high pressure on the smaller piston faceAccumulator , which is essentially a pressure storage reservoir
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Filter . Removes dirt and foreign matter from the system , thus protecting it
Pressure gauge for indicating either oil or air pressure
Spring used to return a piston or other part
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Heat exchanger , used to cool the oil in a system . The radiator on an automobile is an example of a heat exchanger for cooling the circulating water
Separator . A device for removing water from a compressed-air system
Exhaust muffler . A device for reducing noise , as on an automobile
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VALVES ( HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC )
Check valve , which allows fluid to flow in only one direction Variable-restriction valve . The faucet in the home is an example of valve that offers variable restriction to the flow of fluidBasic symbol for valve
An arrow inside the box indicates internal flow
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EXAMPLES OF HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC VALVES
Manual shutoff valve operated by either hand or foot
Directional valve with two positions and four connections
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REFRENCE BOOK
Hydraulics & Pneumatics by H. L. Stewart. Page no. 59-68.