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TRANSCRIPT
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Plymouth Skills Analysis
Plymouth City Council
June 2015
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Contents
Background & purpose
Summary
National context
Local economic context
Current employer demand for skills & future skills
requirements
Current supply of skills – young people unemployed/ Not in
Employment, Education or Training (NEET)
Current supply of skills – young people in education or
training
Current supply of skills – young people in employment
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Skills & Employment – The Full
Labour Market Picture
Source: UKCES, 2009
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Background & Purpose
Comprehensive picture of the skills provision across
Plymouth, placed within the local labour market context.
Draws on available evidence as a first step towards
understanding the skills needs across the city.
Complements the Skills Audit and the Employability
Survey in painting a picture of the skills demand-supply
mismatch, what it means for the city and what causes it.
-
Summary
LABOUR MARKET:
Falling (youth) unemployment rates below the UK rate, employment rising
Bounced back strongly from the recession
The demand for skills has risen in line with employment
CURRENT SKILLS PROFILE:
Skilled population with 34.7% NVQ4+ qualified workers and rising, and 3.5% with no
qualifications.
However, 9% of the NVQ3 qualified residents are unemployed, a significantly higher
rate than any other qualification group.
The rising supply in high-skilled employees has likely placed a downward pressure on
high-skilled resident wages
There is, on the other hand, an under-supply in low-skilled residents
This is amplified by significant skills gaps concentrated in existing low-level jobs, and
is complemented by a decreasing proportion of vocational learning and apprenticeship
starts.
FUTURE SKILLS NEEDS:
Hour-glass shaped occupational structure with a rise in the demand for high-level and
low-level skills and a decline in intermediate skills
This is reflected in higher employment growth in occupations such as managers and
senior officials and associate professional and technical occupations, and in
elementary occupations, and sales and customer services;
Construction skills expected to be of particularly high demand to 2030.
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National Context
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National Output
The UK experienced one of the deepest recessions of any major economy. UK GDP contracted by 6.0% in real terms between Q1 2008 and Q2 2009, contraction that is twice as deep as that experienced in 1980. This recession, however, has been characterized by a much lower decline in employment.
GDP exceeded its pre-recession peak in Q2 2013, and is now 2.9% higher than before the recession. Compared to the corresponding quarter the previous year, output growth has slowed from 3% in Q4 2014 to 2.4% in Q1 2015. This is due to a weaker output growth in the production and services industries and further contractions in construction output. Nevertheless, this is the 9th consecutive quarter of growth since the recession and is now 10.7% above its Q2 2009 trough.
The main driver for this marked recovery has been household spending, which is expected to continue making the greatest contribution to growth throughout 2015. This is followed by business investment and housing. 80.0
85.0
90.0
95.0
100.0
105.0
110.0
115.0UK GDP by sector Q1 2006 - Q2 2014
Total Production
Constructions Services
Source: ONS Quarterly National Accounts, 2014
94.0
96.0
98.0
100.0
102.0
104.0
106.0
108.0
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
-
0.5
1.0
1.5
GDP at market prices Qtr. Ch. GDP (%) UK GDP Growth, Q1 2006 - Q2 2014
% change quarter-on-quarter
GDP at currentprices - SA
REC
ESSI
ON
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Real Wage Growth & Employment
Growth
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108Employment since the recession Q1 2008 - Q3 2014
France Germany United Kingdom United States
Real wage growth has seen a significant decline
since its brief recovery from the recession, with
the average nominal wage growth below the
growth in inflation
With inflation seeing a consistent decline since
the end of 2011, real wages have now begun to
see a positive growth over the last quarter of
2014, and EY forecasts show it will to grow
further as inflation continues to dip in 2015 and
nominal wages continue to grow
As opposed to output growth, the recent
performance of the labour market in the UK
compares favourably against other major
economies
Between 2008 Q2 and 2010 Q1 the number of
people employed fell by around 2.4%.
Employment levels have since risen and in Q1
2013 they have reached their pre-crisis peak. An
accelerated employment growth has been
experienced subsequently, and has been the
highest growth of all major economies.
Source: ILO Global wage report collection, OECD Short-term labour market statistics, 2014
Inflation > wage growth
-4.0
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
Q1 2
006
Q2 2
006
Q3 2
006
Q4 2
006
Q1 2
007
Q2 2
007
Q3 2
007
Q4 2
007
Q1 2
008
Q2 2
008
Q3 2
008
Q4 2
008
Q1 2
009
Q2 2
009
Q3 2
009
Q4 2
009
Q1 2
010
Q2 2
010
Q3 2
010
Q4 2
010
Q1 2
011
Q2 2
011
Q3 2
011
Q4 2
011
Q1 2
012
Q2 2
012
Q3 2
012
Q4 2
012
Q1 2
013
Q2 2
013
Q3 2
013
Q4 2
013
Q1 2
014
Q2 2
014
Q3 2
014
Q4 2
014
% ch. qtr. Real Wage Growth 2006 - 2015
Wage growth
RPI
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Labour productivity
UK labour productivity remains weak compared
to other major economies. Since 2007, UK
output per hour grew faster than in Germany
and Italy, but there remains a substantial gap in
labour productivity for the UK compared with the
USA and France.
The UKCES argue that this could be a result of
a combination of poor output growth and
resurgent employment with new highs in hours
worked and a tendency for UK firms to ‘hoard’
employees amidst constrained demand.
They also argue that it is more likely, however,
that – given the lasting nature of the productivity
gap – changes in the composition of output and
employment are more a reflection of sustained
adverse shocks in the UK’s terms of trade and
weaknesses in the reallocation of resources
between firms in the context of a banking crisis.
However, as the largest emerging economies
continue to develop and increase their demand
for high-value services which the UK is a leading
exporter in, there is potential for an accelerated
productivity growth. 96
98
100
102
104
106
108
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Labour productivity - Output per hour worked 2007-2013
Germany France Italy UK USASource: ONS International comparisons of productivity, 2014
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2010=100 UK Labour Productivity Q1 2006 – Q4 2013
REC
ESSI
ON
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UK Sector Performance
In recent decades there has been a marked shift
in the UK economy away from manufacturing
towards services, and a hollowing out of the
labour market driven by technological progress,
with middle occupations becoming automated.
Growth has particularly been shifted towards
knowledge intensive services; which now
account for 34% of UK output and 29% of total
employment
Output in the constructions services has seen a
particularly significant reduction, and currently
accounts for 7% of the UK’s GVA. A similar
trend has been observed for the manufacturing
sector, currently 10% of output.
77% of UK GVA is accounted for by the services
sector, of which professional and business
services (12%) is the largest sub-sector.
Services also dominate UK employment,
accounting for 83% of jobs, with Health and
Social Work (13%) as its largest sub-sector.
Manufacturing (8%) and construction (6%) are
the next two largest sectors by employment.
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%
Mining & Quarrying
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing
Oil and Gas
Utilities
Construction
Shipbuilding
Clothing & Textiles
Other Manufacturing
Wood, Paper & Printing
Non-metal products
Metal Products
Food, Beverages & Tobacco
Aerospace
Chemicals
ICT & Precision Instruments
Automotive
Pharmaceuticals
Machinery/Electrical/Transport
Admin & Support Services
Hotels & Restaurants
Community, Social and Personal services
Real Estate
Public Admin & Defence
Retail
Health & Social Care
Transport, Storage & Distribution
Publishing and Broadcasting
Information Economy
Education
Financial Services
Professional & Business Services
Oth
er P
rod
uct
ion
Low
-Med
Tec
h M
anu
fM
ed-H
igh
Te
chM
anu
fO
ther
Ser
vice
sK
no
wle
dge
Serv
ices
Structure of the UK economy 2013
Share of UK GVA Share of UK Employment Source: BIS Analysis of ONS – GDP (O) low level aggregates, 2014
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Participation in Employment/
Apprenticeships and Learning
Apprenticeship participation has risen
by 73% from 2009/10 to 2013/14
From April 2016 the government is
abolishing employer National Insurance
Contributions for apprentices aged
under 25 thereby encouraging high
quality apprenticeships and access to
them
Participation in education, employment
or training has increased since 2011
and is currently 1% point above its peak
rate in 2008
Over the same period, the
percentage16-24 year old NEETs (Not
in Employment, Education and Training)
has declined to 2014 after its 2011
peak. At the same time, the % in
employment has risen significantly, and
the % in education or training has
remained relatively unchanged.
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
2003/04 2005/06 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2013/14
UK Apprenticeship participation 2003 - 2014
Under 19 19-24 25+
15%
30%
45%
60%
75%
90%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
UK participation in education, training & employment
2008-2014
16-24 in employment, education or training 16-24 in education or training
16-24 in employment 16-24 not in employment, education and training
Source: The Data Source
ONS Labour Force Survey, 2014
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Skills Shortage Vacancies and STEM
In 2013, 32% of vacancies were classified
as skills shortage vacancies; the highest
number of SSVs as a % of total vacancies
has been recorded in Skilled Trade (44%),
Professional and Associate Professional
occupations (41%), and in intermediate-
level occupations (Caring, leisure and
other service staff);
This is also against a higher proportion of
vacancies available in these occupations;
There has been an increase in STEM
apprenticeships since 2007/8, mainly at
the intermediate level. Higher Education
level STEM qualifications have also seen a
stark increase and make up the highest
number of STEM qualifications.
Advanced and higher level apprenticeship
starts, on the other hand, have seen a
sharp fall over the same time period,
however are now beginning to see a
recovery.
12,000
15,000
18,000
21,000
24,000
27,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
220,000
240,000
260,000
280,000
300,000
320,000
2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
STEM Qualifications
Higher Education STEM qualifications (LHS)Intermediate Level STEM Apprenticeships (RHS)Advanced/Higher Level STEM Apprenticeships (RHS)
Source: UKCES Employer Skills Survey,
The Data Service, 2013
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Man
ager
s
Pro
fess
ion
als
Ass
oci
ate
Pro
fess
ion
als
Ad
min
istr
ativ
e
Skill
ed
Tra
des
Car
ing,
leis
ure
an
do
ther
ser
vice
s st
aff
Sale
s/cu
sto
me
rSe
rvic
es
Mac
hin
e O
pe
rati
ves
Elem
enta
ry J
ob
s
Hard-to-Fill Vacancies
Vacancies (000's)Skill-shortage vacancies (000's) (LHS)Skill-shortage vacancies (% of total vacancies) (RHS)
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LOCAL ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Plymouth
-
In the aftermath of a deep recession, Plymouth has shifted onto a growth path that has
seen an increased and sustained output growth exceeding the national growth rate every
year since the recession, despite it having been felt more intensely in Plymouth. This has
been the result of a positive rebalancing of the economy towards private sector growth
(8.8% since 2010) and a decline in public sector dependency (from 26.3% in 2010 to
23% in 2013).
Employment
Public Sector Private Sector Military TOTAL
PLYMOUTH 000s % 000s % 000s % 000s
2009 26.5 25.1 79.1 74.9 7.5 7.1 105.7
2010 26.9 26.3 75.3 73.7 7.8 7.7 102.2
2011 25.9 25.3 76.7 74.7 7.6 7.4 102.6
2012 24.1 23.0 80.7 77.0 6.4 6.1 104.8
2013 24.4 23.0 81.9 77.0 5.8 5.8 106.3
Ch. -2.1 -2.1 2.7 2.1 -1.7 -23.3 0.7
GREAT BRITAIN
2009 5,685.2 21.3 20,957.4 78.7 161.3 0.61 26,642.6
2010 5,945.6 22.4 20,635.7 77.6 159.7 0.60 26,581.3
2011 5,699.3 21.4 20,894.1 78.6 156.4 0.59 26,593.5
2012 5,403.1 20.2 21,349.8 79.8 152.2 0.57 26,752.9
2013 5,368.9 19.8 21,807.6 80.2 145.0 0.53 27,176.5
Ch. -316.2 -1.6 850.2 1.6 -16.3 -10.1 533.9
Source: Business Register for Employment Survey (ONS), 2013
The Defence Analytical Services and Advice (MoD), 2013
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Change in jobs 2009-13
no. % no. % Brighton and Hove 9,103 7.8 Norwich 404 0.5
Wolverhampton 5,196 5.0 B&NES -1,228 -1.5
Bournemouth 5,140 7.1 Southampton 2,275 2.1
Milton Keynes 14,447 10.3 Hull -1,073 -0.9
Stoke-on-Trent 3,933 3.7 Wakefield -2,158 -1.6
Coventry 9,030 6.5 Southend-on-Sea -2,283 -3.5
Derby 3,233 2.7 Kirklees -4,686 -3.1
Peterborough 1,966 2.0 York -2,534 -2.4
Sunderland -2,840 -2.5 Doncaster -2,050 -1.8
PLYMOUTH 654 0.6 Preston -5,045 -5.8
Portsmouth -294 -0.3 Blackpool -3,737 -6.3
Plymouth has been among the top few of
the 22 Key Cities that have seen a
positive net employment growth from
2009 to 2013;
Over this period, Plymouth has seen a
contraction of its public sector, particularly
in public administration & defence
activities
This has been offset by private sector
growth, with the property/real estate
sector seeing the highest expansion
Employment
-50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 100.0% 150.0%
Real estate
Education
Public administration & defence
Health & social work
Accommodation & food
Manufacturing
Industry total
Primary industries
Construction
Transport & storage
Arts, entertainment & recreation,other
Wholesale & retail
Professional, scientific & technical
Financial & insurance
Administrative & support
Information & communication
Biggest employment gains/losses
2009-2013
% ch 2009-13 GB
% ch 2009-13
Plymouth
Source: Business Register for Employment Survey (ONS), 2013
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Plymouth’s Business Base
The chart on the left shows
the sectoral make-up of
Plymouth’s business base;
An important observation
is that Plymouth’s high
value added service sectors
are underrepresented, with
the share of enterprises in
Business Services,
Advanced Manufacturing,
Professional, Scientific &
Technical, Financial &
Insurance lower than
nationally;
On the other hand,
Plymouth has a higher
cluster of enterprises in the
Advanced Engineering,
Marine & Defence, Digital
and Constructions sectors.
-
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0%
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0%
Stoke-on-Trent
Southend-on-Sea
Kingston upon Hull
Calderdale and Kirklees
Sunderland
Portsmouth
Barnsley, Doncaster and…
Wolverhampton
York
Bournemouth and Poole
UK
Wakefield
Peterborough
Plymouth
Brighton and Hove
Blackpool
Derby
Milton Keynes
Bath & NES
Coventry
Southampton
2012-13 GVA growth, 22 key cities ranking
GVA
GVA per head
Output Growth
Current nominal workplace-based GVA (as at
2013) is £5.2bn, an expansion of 4.2% from
£4.9bn in 2012, and it maintains a positive
trend since the recession. The improvement
has been experienced at a rate that is
significantly above both the regional and
national growth rates of 3.2% and 3.3%,
respectively, ranked 8th (out of 22) among the
22 key cities (see chart 3 below), and highest
growth rate among all the local constituencies
within the Heart of the South West LEP, after
Somerset (4.7%).
Plymouth has shown a higher resilience to
the recession, with a quicker and more
significant recovery, as seen in chart 1 below,
recovery that appears to be now more
sustainable, despite having suffered from the
recession more than the SW or the UK on
average. This is backed up by forecasts to
2023, which show that output growth is
stabilising to around 3%.
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Productivity
Within the context of the widening performance
gap between the northern and southern regions
within the country over last 10 years, Plymouth is
considered a low-performance economy, being
dominated by London’s performance. Therefore,
Plymouth’s economic story is often hidden
Plymouth’s nominal GVA per head stood at
£19,943 in 2013, 3.7% higher than in 2012 and
increasingly closing the gap with the South West
and UK (less London) averages. It is currently
94% of UK’s (less London) and 94.2% of SW’s
GVA per head. Moreover, Plymouth ranked 10th
highest out of 39 cities in terms of total change in
city ‘score’ from Pre-Crisis (2005-07) to Recovery
(2011-13).
Productivity, on the other hand, in GVA per hour
worked terms, has significantly declined following
the brief recovery from the recession in 2010/11.
However, the trend follows the national, sub-
regional and regional trend, therefore it is not
specific to Plymouth and remains significantly
above the Heart of the South West Local
Enterprise Partnership (LEP) average.
-8%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
% pa growth Productivity measures – Annual growth 2004-
2012
GVA per hour - PLY GVA per hour - GB
GVA per FTE - PLY GVA per FTE - GB
GVA per hour (UK=100)
Milton Keynes 117 Sunderland 89
Derby 109 Wakefield 88
B&NES 105 Coventry 88
Brighton and Hove 97 York 86
Southampton 97 Leicester 84
Peterborough 96 Stoke-on-Trent 83
Bournemouth & Poole 95 Hull 81
PLYMOUTH 93 Wolverhampton 80
Portsmouth 92 Blackpool 73
Southend-on-Sea 90
Source: Regional NUTS3 GVA & Sub-regional Productivity, ONS 2013
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Unemployment & Economic Inactivity
Employment has improved, and a visible
and consistent improvement in the JSA
claimant rate has been experienced
particularly since February 2013, which has
more than halved over this time period, to a
current rate of 1.8%.
APS unemployment has also declined
(from a peak of 11.9% in October 2012,
and 30.6% of those aged 16-24);
However, the figure is still persistent and
comparatively higher than that reported by
the JSA data releases: 6.6% (and 11.3%
aged 16-24) as at September 2014.
Moreover, a persistently large number of
residents claim for Employment Seekers
Allowance (ESA) and incapacity benefits,
despite the number of JSA claimants
having declined, and the total out-of-work
benefit claimant rate is a comparatively
high 16%.
Source: Annual Population Survey (APS),
Department for Work & Pensions 2014
Plymouth
All
claimants
JSA
claimants
ESA + incapacity
benefit claimants
Lone
parent
Carer
Others on income-related benefit
Disabled Bereaved
May 14 no. 26,355 3,860 13,615 2,130 2,895 645 2,925 285
% 16.00% 2.2% 8.2% 1.3% 1.8% 0.4% 1.9% 0.2%
Feb 14 no. 26,835 4,500 13,475 2,155 2,870 660 2,990 275
% 16.30% 2.6% 8.1% 1.3% 1.8% 0.4% 1.9% 0.2%
Nov 13 no. 26,605 4,295 13,415 2,155 2,780 665 2,980 315
% 16.2% 2.5% 8.1% 1.3% 1.8% 0.4% 1.9% 0.2%
-6.0
-5.0
-4.0
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Unemployment and economic inactivity (aged 16-64) -
Plymouth vs UK, Jan 2008 - Dec 2014
Unemployment - Plymouth Economic inactivity - Plymouth
Unemployment - UK Economic inactivity - UK
-
Unemployment
While within the local context unemployment in the city has
fallen significantly after the recession period, Plymouth ranks
low (14/22) against the 22 key cities in terms of the greatest fall
in JSA claimant numbers;
The difficulty in keeping up the pace with other cities in
reducing unemployment in Plymouth can be largely attributed
to the city’s industrial structure, with the composition of
employment being uneven across sectors and employment
relying on just a few specialised sectors (e.g. health, education,
marine, manufacturing);
Structural changes resulting from longer-term shifts in the
pattern of labour demand across industries (e.g. decreasing
public sector dependency) may generate ‘reallocation shocks’
that lead to increases in regional unemployment as labour that
is displaced from declining industries takes time to be
absorbed into the new growing sectors of the economy (Lilien,
1982).
Source: JSA Claimant Count - ONS
-80%-60%-40%-20%0%
Blackpool
Wolverhampton
Doncaster
Kirklees
Hull
Bournemouth
Wakefield
Plymouth
Sunderland
Southend-on-Sea
Portsmouth
Norwich
Peterborough
Brighton and Hove
Coventry
Derby
Preston
Milton Keynes
Bath & NES
Stoke-on-Trent
Southampton
York
% change in JSA claimants Jan 2009-Jan 2015
-
Unemployment
Devonport and St Peter & the Waterfront have
seen the highest claimant rates, particularly
driven by high ESA & incapacity benefit
claimant numbers;
It is important to note that across all wards,
the number of JSA claimants represent only a
small proportion of the total number of
claimants!
Overall, the highest numbers of out-of-work
benefit claimants is concentrated in the
Western Arc of the city;
The duration of claims has declined
significantly since 2009, with a particularly
lower proportion claiming between 6-12
months;
The number of long term (1 year+) claimants
has also declined by 55% since the post-
recession unemployment peak in February
2013;
It currently stands below the national rate both
as a percentage of the working age population
and as a percentage of total claimants (0.4%,
as opposed to 0.6%, and 20.6%, as opposed
to 27.4%), at 705 claimants.
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
Ranking of most deprived wards within Plymouth in
terms of out-of-work benefit claimants, May 2014
Total out-of-work benefit claimants ESA & Incapacity Benefits JSA
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Jan-0
9
Apr-
09
Jul-09
Oct
-09
Jan-1
0
Apr-
10
Jul-10
Oct
-10
Jan-1
1
Apr-
11
Jul-11
Oct
-11
Jan-1
2
Apr-
12
Jul-12
Oct
-12
Jan-1
3
Apr-
13
Jul-13
Oct
-13
Jan-1
4
Apr-
14
Jul-14
Oct
-14
Jan-1
5
JSA claimant rate by duration of claim
< 6 months - Plymouth 6 - 12 months - Plymouth
> 12 months - Plymouth < 6 months - UK
6 - 12 months - UK > 12 months - UK
Source: JSA Claimant Count - ONS,
Department for Work & Pensions 2014
-
Youth & Long-term Unemployment
Youth unemployment (aged 16-24) in terms
of JSA claimant numbers has fallen, in line
with the overall unemployment trend;
however, the total young benefit claimant
rate is a high 16% of total claimants;
This has been reflected in JSA rates which
remain stubbornly high where the 18-24
makes up a significant proportion of total
unemployment and long-term
unemployment;
Nevertheless, the duration of claims has
declined, the number of 16-24 year-olds
claiming for over 12 months being over 60%
lower than 12 months ago.
Moreover, according to the recent 2015
release of the Centre for Cities “Cities
Outlook” report, Plymouth ranked 10th
highest out of 39 cities in terms of total
change in city ‘score’ from Pre-Crisis to
Recovery. On the evidence – we have
bounced back very strongly.
Source: Department for Work & Pensions,
JSA Claimant Count (nomis), 2014
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Jan-0
9
Apr-
09
Jul-09
Oct
-09
Jan-1
0
Apr-
10
Jul-10
Oct
-10
Jan-1
1
Apr-
11
Jul-11
Oct
-11
Jan-1
2
Apr-
12
Jul-12
Oct
-12
Jan-1
3
Apr-
13
Jul-13
Oct
-13
Jan-1
4
Apr-
14
Jul-14
Oct
-14
Jan-1
5
Youth (16-24) JSA claimants by duration of claim
< 6 months - Plymouth 6 - 12 months - Plymouth
> 12 months - Plymouth < 6 months - UK
6 - 12 months - UK > 12 months - UK
Plymouth
16-24 25-49 50+
May 14 no. 4,185 13,400 8,765
% 15.9% 50.8% 33.3%
Feb 14 no. 4,405 13,625 8,800
% 16.4% 50.8% 32.8%
Nov 13 no. 4,290 13,480 8,825
% 16.1% 50.7% 33.2%
-
Hours-Related Underemployment
Plymouth ranked 2/22 in terms of the largest rates
of underemployment in 2011 and, with 31.4% of
the working age population working part-time, and
19.4% of those aged 16-19 & 49.
The ONS-defined underemployment rate is also a
high 13.6%, compared to the lowest rate of 8.1%
in Southend-on-Sea. This comprises those in
employment who either wish to work more hours
or are looking for an additional job or a
replacement job that offers more hours.
Both measures of part-time employment and
underemployment are based on the same sample
of the population drawn through the Labour Force
Survey (LFS) in the same year, and so the figures
are comparable.
Such a comparison shows that, despite a high
percentage of the population working part time,
when excluding the age group expected to
comprise of a high proportion of students in full-
time education and individuals close to retirement,
70% of those in part-time employment aged 16-19
& 25-49 are underemployed.
Source: Annual Population Survey, ONS - 2014
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Doncaster
Blackpool
Wakefield
Wolverhampton
Kingston-upon-…
Stoke-on-Trent
Milton Keynes
Sunderland
Coventry
Peterborough
Southend-on-Sea
Southampton
Derby
Bournemouth
Portsmouth
Kirklees
York
Plymouth
Brighton & Hove
Underemployment vs. % in employment aged 25-64 working part-time, 2011
Underemployed
% in employment working part-time - aged 16-64 less 16-24
-
Plymouth ranks 5/22 highest in terms of the number of employees
working under 10 hours, with 4.3% of all in employment, as
opposed to the highest (6.7%) in York and lowest (1.7%) in
Preston, on such contracts. This represents 58.4% of the total 16-
64-aged in part-time employment.
Placed within the context of specific ‘zero-hours contract’
employment figures for the UK…, which show that:
The number of people employed on a “zero-hours contract” in
their main job was 697,000 for October to December 2014,
representing 2.3% of all people in employment. In the same
period in 2013, this was 1.9% of all people in employment
(586,000).
On average, someone on a “zero-hours contract” usually
works 25 hours a week, and is more likely to be a woman, in
full-time education or working part-time, and under the age of
25 or 65 and over.
Around a third of people on “zero-hours contracts” want more
hours (are underemployed), with most wanting them in their
current job, compared with 10% of other people in
employment.
… this is a significant percentage, given that the UK rate of 2.3%
incorporating residents working over 10 hours as well, and around
25 hours on average, whereas the 4.3% rate in Plymouth refers to
only those working under 10 hours.
We would therefore expect the 1/3 ratio wanting more hours to be
higher in Plymouth, highlighting that underemployment is a
significant issue locally.
Hours-Related Underemployment
Source: Annual Population Survey, ONS - 2014
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
Preston
Stoke-on-Trent
Sunderland
Doncaster
Blackpool
Milton Keynes
Wakefield
Coventry
Peterborough
Derby
Kingston-upon-…
Southend-on-Sea
United Kingdom
Portsmouth
Wolverhampton
Bournemouth
Brighton & Hove
Kirklees
Plymouth
Southampton
York
South West
Heart of the…
Norwich
Bath & NES
‘Zero-hour contract’ employment - APS, Q2 2014
% of all in employment who work under 10 hours
-
Average Earnings
£20,000
£21,000
£22,000
£23,000
£24,000
£25,000
£26,000
£27,000
£28,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Residence-based gross median annual wages,
2008-2014
Plymouth median UK median
£14,8
55
£17,0
34
£17,8
63
£19,4
72
£22,0
26
£27,8
17
£31,3
27
£32,8
77
£34,7
11
£0
£14,6
40
£17,8
18
£19,2
55
£20,7
36
£23,8
23
£30,9
99
£35,6
09
£38,3
59
£41,7
34
£54,0
82
£0
£10,000
£20,000
£30,000
£40,000
£50,000
£60,000
10% 20% 25% 30% 40% 60% 70% 75% 80% 90%
Residence-based gross annual wages percentiles,
2014
Plymouth
UK
The rising supply in high-skilled
employees has potentially placed a
downward pressure on high-skilled
wages, although there is no evidence
of cause and effect.
While average resident pay has risen,
this change is reflected in an increase
in the low-skilled wages, which can be
associated with a shortfall of low-
skilled residents in the city.
This is also seen in low-skilled wages
that are slightly higher than the UK
average, and high-skilled wages that
are significantly below national rates.
The second chart to the left also
shows that the pay gap between
Plymouth and the UK average widens
as one moves up the wage distribution
scale
Source: Annual Survey for Hours & Earnings, 2014
-
Increasing number of degree+ level
qualified and a high proportion are
employed.
Decline in the number of residents
without a qualification that is below the
UK average
However, a large proportion of the
NVQ3 and NVQ2 qualified are
unemployed, indicating a lower
demand for intermediate skills.
This is against an increase in the
supply of intermediate skills above the
UK average, which might result in a
further increase in unemployment for
these groups.
Skills Profile
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
10.0%
NVQ4+ NVQ3 TradeApp'ships
NVQ2 NVQ1 Other NVQ No NVQ
Qualifications by economic activity in Plymouth, 2014
Economically inactive
Unemployed
Employed
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Qualifications change over time - Plymouth less UK, 2008 - 2014
% NVQ4+ qualified % NVQ3 qualified% NVQ2 qualified % NVQ1 qualified% with no qualifications (NVQ)Source: Annual Population Survey, ONS - 2014
-
CURRENT EMPLOYER DEMAND FOR
SKILLS & FUTURE SKILLS
REQUIREMENTS
-
Apprenticeship Vacancies by
Sector and Level
A significant number of apprenticeship vacancies have been made available in February and March 2015, indicating high demand particularly in:
Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies;
Business, Administration & Law;
Construction, Planning and the Built Environment.
While the largest proportion of vacancies have been in intermediate level apprenticeships, most being provided by Skills to Group Ltd, Babcock have also provided a significant number of advanced level apprenticeships, most of which have been filled up by April.
23
26
24 20
1 1
43
7
24
130
36
22
1 0
40 0
25
120
31
32
1 3
66
1 Health, Public Services
and Care
Engineering and
Manufacturing
TechnologiesConstruction, Planning
and the Built
EnvironmentRetail and Commercial
Enterprise
Leisure, Travel and
Tourism
Education and Training
Business, Administration
and Law
Mar-15
Feb-15
Apprenticeship Vacancies by Sector
Apr-15
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Advanced Level Higher Level Intermediate Level Traineeship
Apr-15
Mar-15
Feb-15
Apprenticeship Vacancies by Level
Source: Department for Work & Pensions, 2015
-
Apprenticeship Vacancies by
Learning Provider
The chart on the right shows that the
largest proportion of apprenticeships
have been provided by Babcock and
Skills to Group Ltd since the start of
2015;
It also shows that, except for City
College Plymouth vacancies and
Ministry of Defence vacancies, where
new vacancies could have been
advertised in April, most of the
remaining vacancies have been filled in
the 3-month period.
This is after a large number have been
advertised at the start of the year.
Apprenticeship Vacancies by Provider
0 50 100
Acacia Training And Development Ltd
Achievement Training Ltd
Babcock International Group,…
City College Plymouth
Cornwall College Business
Exeter College
Focus Training (SW) Ltd
GHQ Training
GP Strategies Training Limited
learndirect Limited
Lifetime Training Ltd
Ministry Of Defence
Paragon Skills For Industry
Positive Outcomes Ltd
Qube Qualifications And…
Skills to Group Ltd
T2 Business Solutions
Transplant Mastertrain
Work Skills Limited
Apr-15
Mar-15
Feb-15
Source: Department for Work & Pensions, 2015
-
Average Weekly Salaries by
Sector and Level, April 2015
Average weekly wages across sectors and levels stood at £125 per week;
The highest salary offers have been provided at higher level apprenticeships, mainly in the Business, Administration and Law sector and in Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies.
Babcock have provided the highest offers, being the main provider for high level and advanced level apprenticeships.
£0 £50 £100 £150 £200
Health, Public Services and Care
Engineering and Manufacturing
Technologies
Construction, Planning and the Built
Environment
Retail and Commercial Enterprise
Leisure, Travel and Tourism
Education and Training
Business, Administration and Law
Traineeship
£0
£50
£100
£150
£200
£250
£300
£350
Advanced Level Higher Level Intermediate
Level
Traineeship
Average weekly wages by sector
Average weekly wages by sector
Source: Department for Work & Pensions, 2015
-
Public sector dependency still high,
Health, Education and Public
Administration & Defence being the
main sources of employment and
main demanders of high skills.
Demand for low and intermediate
skills comes mainly from the private
sector, particularly Manufacturing
and Retail, and is higher in Plymouth
than on average across the UK
Source: BRES - nomis, 2014
Current Skills Demand
18.8
15.1
12.8 11.8
7.3
6.6
5.3
4.7
4 3.9
3.3 2.1 2.1 1.4
13.5
15.8
9.5
8.5 7.0
4.8
8.4
4.4
5
7.9
4.4 3.7
1.7 4.0
Top sectors sustaining the economy - % of total employment, 2013
Health
Wholesale & Retail
Education
Manufacturing
Accommodation & food
Public administration & defence
Business administration &supportTransport & storage
Arts, entertainment, recreation &otherProfessional, scientific &technicalConstruction
Financial & Insurance
Property
Plymouth
GB
Top 5 sectors in terms of employment growth – Plymouth TTWA
No. of employees (rounded)
% all Plymouth employees
% change 2012-2013
Absolute change 2012-13
Property 2,700 1.90% 18.90% 424 Motor trades 3,000 2.10% 16.00% 417 Health 25,400 17.90% 11.30% 2,574 Construction 5,600 4.00% 10.80% 546 Financial & insurance 2,500 1.80% 5.90% 142 Education 17,700 12.50% 5.90% 981 Totals 56,900 40.0% 11.50% 5084 TOTAL EMPLOYEES
142,200 100% 1.80% 2,600 (all industries)
-
Demand for graduates
is higher than in
London and the East of
England
Source: UKCES, National Employers’ Skills Survey, 2013
A high number of local
firms are employing
graduates.
Current Skills Demand
School, college or university leavers recruited in the last 2-3 years
Cornwall and the Isles
of Scilly
Heart of the
South West
Plymouth
Yes - 16 year olds recruited to first job from school 10% 8% 9% Yes - 17 or 18 year olds recruited to first job from school 11% 10% 18% Yes - 17 or 18 year olds recruited to first job from FE College 13% 14% 20%
Yes - Recruited to their first job from University or other Higher Education institution 12% 9% 20%
No, have not recruited education leavers 71% 73% 57%
Don't know 1% 1% 1%
Any 28% 25% 42%
-
Future skills requirements to be seen mainly
in high- and low-skilled occupations if current
trends continue*
Demand for high skills is expected to
increase along with a growth in high-level
employment, mainly for occupations such as
managers and senior officials, associate
professional and technical occupations, and
professional occupations...
... as well as for low skills, required in
elementary occupations and sales and
customer service occupations.
A decline to 2030 expected to be seen in
some low- and intermediate-skills
occupations, particularly in process, plant
and machinery operatives and administrative
and secretarial occupations.
*Note: these are baseline projections based on trends seen over the past 5 years; they are not forecasts, and expected
future macroeconomic changes could shift this baseline
projection. Source: BRES, nomis
Oxford Economics Forecasting Model, 2014
Future Skills Requirements
-10.0% -5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0%
Managers and senior officials
Professional occupations
Associate professional andtechnical occupations
Administrative and secretarialoccupations
Skilled trades occupations
Personal services occupations
Sales and customer serviceoccupations
Process, plant and machineoperatives
Elementary occupations
Employment growth and occupational structure, 2012 to 2030
% of total 2030 % of total 2012 % growth 2012-2030
-
Changing Industrial Structure
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Primary industries
Information & communication
Wholesale
Motor trades
Property
Financial & Insurance
Construction
Professional, scientific & technical
Arts, entertainment, recreation &…
Transport & storage
Business administration & support
Public administration & defence
Accommodation & food
Retail
Manufacturing
Education
Health
Key employment sectors supporting
Plymouth's economy, 2009 vs. 2013
2013
2009
The main sectors of
employment sustaining the
economy are Health and
Education, despite public sector
dependency having fallen.
These sectors have also seen
the highest growth since 2009.
Retail and manufacturing,
however, are also significant
contributors. Nevertheless, the
manufacturing sector is
expected to contract
significantly (by around 23%).
Source: BRES – nomis, 2014
-
Changing Industrial Structure
The Health sector will continue
growing, by 8.3%; employment in the
Education and Public Administration
& Defence sectors, however, is
expected to decline, therefore public
sector dependency will further
reduce.
At the same time, private sector
employment, mainly experienced in
Real Estate, Professional, Scientific
& Technical services, Construction
and Information & Communication,
will see a large expansion of around
32%, 27%, 23% and 21%,
respectively. The creative industries
(16%) and accommodation & food
(11%) will also see significant
growth.
The manufacturing sector, however,
is expected to contract*.
Source: Oxford Economics Forecasting Model, 2014
32.0
26.7
22.7
21.0
18.6
15.7
10.9
8.3
4.7
3.7
1.4
-0.4
-5.1
-11.4
-14.5
-23.1
-23.1
-23.1
-23.1
-23.1
-40.0 -20.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0
Real estate
Professional, scientific & technical
Construction
Information & communication
Administration and support service
Arts, entertainment and recreation & other
Accommodation & food
Health & social work
Transport & storage
Total
Retail & Wholesale
Financial & insurance
Education
Public administration & defence
Primary industries
Aerospace
Marine
Manufacturing
Advanced manufacturing (exc aerospace & marine)
Food, drink & tobacco & other
Key sectors of overall employment growth 2013 to 2030
UK HotSW Plymouth
-
CURRENT SUPPLY OF SKILLS
Young people unemployed/NEET
-
16 – 18 Year-Old NEETs
The number of 16-18 year olds Not
in Employment, Education or
Training (NEET) has been falling
since 2013, after reaching a high,
and it remains below the national
rate.
78%79%
79%
80%
80%
81%
81%
82%
82%
83%
83%
84%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
2012 2013 2014
% in
learn
ing
% N
EE
T &
NK
% NEET Plymouth % NEET England % in learning Plymouth
16-18-year old NEETs, Plymouth - April 2012 - 2014
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
NEET % NK% In learning %
% 16-18 year old NEETs, Plymouth - June 2014
Year 14
Year 13
Year 12
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0%
Plymouth
Portsmouth
Torbay
Southampton
Telford and Wrekin
Peterborough
Southend-on-Sea
Bournemouth
Rotherham
Sheffield
Isle of Wight
Academic Age16-18 (Y12-Y14) NEET %
Source: Department for Education, 2014
-
18 - 24 Year-Old Unemployed
Economic activity of Plymouth HEI leavers HE provider Activity
Unemployed Other activity* Total %
2012/13
University of Plymouth 450 5,980 6,430 7.0%
University of St Mark and St John 25 695 725 3.4%
2011/12
University of Plymouth 490 6,025 6,510 7.5%
University of St Mark and St John 30 725 755 4.0%
Economic activity of all full-
time students ALL
QUALIFICATIONS
No
qualifications Level 1 Level 2 Apprenticeship Level 3 Level 4+
Other
qualifications
ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 24,527 1,382 2,619 4,904 128 11,648 3,226 620
Economically active: Total 8,892 215 922 2,165 88 4,085 1,267 150
In employment: total 6,753 136 586 1,603 75 3,173 1,073 107
Self-employed 232 15 24 32 10 65 75 11
Unemployed 2,139 79 336 562 13 912 194 43
Economically inactive 15,635 1,167 1,697 2,739 40 7,563 1,959 470
*’Other’ includes: in full-time employment; in part-time employment; due to start a job in the
next month; engaged in full-time further study, training or research; engaged in part-time further
study, training or research; taking time out in order to travel, other.
Sources: 2011 Census of Population, nomis
Destination of Leavers, 2011/12, 2012/13 – The Higher Education Statistical Agency (HESA)
-
CURRENT SUPPLY OF SKILLS (2)
Young people in education or training
-
Participation in Education,
Training and Employment
4,580
4,600
4,620
4,640
4,660
4,680
4,700
4,720
4,740
4,760
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2010 2011 2012 2013
FE
WB
L
Work-based learning (WBL) Full-time education (FE)
Participation in education and work-based learning of 16&17-year olds
Participation in full-time education and work-based
learning for the 16 and 17 year-olds has also declined.
However, significantly more 18-year olds have gone
into education in 2014, pushing the overall 16-18-year
old % in learning from below 80% to 83%, whilst the
number of 16 & 17-year olds in FE has been falling.
Source: Department for Education, 2014
-
Participation in Education
Source: Department for Education, 2014
Participation amongst those under the
age of 19 is particularly low and less
than half of the 19+ rate;
Level 2 and English & Maths have seen
the highest participation rates;
However, overall, participation has
declined significantly over time; the fall
experienced in Plymouth has been more
gradual, taking place just after a
pre-recession high, whereas the UK
has seen a more sudden and significant
decline starting in 2011, after a
consistent increase since 2006.
Moreover, participation rates in
Plymouth are higher than the UK
average, particularly so in Plymouth
Moor View, as opposed to Sutton and
Devonport.
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Full Level 2 Full Level 3 English & Maths
Participation by level and age, 2013/14
Under 19 19+ All ages
900,000
920,000
940,000
960,000
980,000
1,000,000
1,020,000
1,040,000
1,060,000
1,080,000
1,100,000
1,120,000
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500England Plymouth Participation, 2005/06 - 2013/14
Plymouth Moor ViewPlymouth Sutton and DevonportEngland
-
GCSE Performance
After a consistent increase between 2008
and 2013, GCSE performance has now
fallen significantly*; nevertheless, it still
remains an improvement from the 2008/09
performance;
Source: Department for Education, 2013
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
% achieving 5+ A*-C grades inc. English & Maths
GCSEs Plymouth SW England
There was a clear gap between the
proportion of pupils that have achieved 5+
A*-C grades (inc. Maths & English) in
Plymouth and that across England, but the
gap has now almost closed, but the
proportion is now below the SW average
after briefly exceeding it in academic year
2012/13;
Despite the recent fall in performance,
Plymouth ranks 10 out of the 22 key cities,
being just 7%pts below York’s average and
around 15%pts above the lowest average.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
% achieving 5+ A*-C grades inc English & Maths GCSEs - 22 key cities ranking 2012/13
2013/14 2012/13
-
Level 2 and 3 Attainment
Attainment at levels 2 and 3 by the age of 19
has seen a consistent rise since 2005;
Plymouth’s attainment rate at level 2 has
closed the gap with the national average,
however level 3 attainment rate is yet to
achieve that, despite having risen in line with
that at level 2;
This is now to around 48% of pupils for level 3
and 85% for level 2; 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
L2 a
ttain
men
t gap
(p
pts
)
% a
ttain
ing L
2
Attainment and attainment gap between those
eligible and not eligible for FSM at Level 2 by age
19, 2005 -2013
Plymouth SW EnglandAttainment gap - Plymouth Attainment gap - SW Attainment gap - England
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
L3 a
ttain
men
t gap
(p
pts
)
% a
ttain
ing L
3
Attainment and attainment gap between those
eligible and not eligible for FSM at Level 3 by age
19, 2005 - 2013
Plymouth SW England
Attainment gap - Plymouth Attainment gap - SW Attainment gap - England
Source: Department for Education, 2013
There is a clear attainment gap, however, at both
levels, between those eligible for free school
meals (FSM) and those that aren’t; This has been
as high as around 30% for both levels in 2006,
but has now almost halved for those at level 2;
At level 3, the gap has only declined by around
5%pts; however, this is a significant change
placed within the context of a national and
regional attainment gap that has remained
roughly the same over the 7-year period.
-
Post-16 Provision
Delivered Through
Schools & Colleges
-
Plymouth Secondary Schools
Source: School Autumn Census 14/15
SCHOOL TYPE NUMBERS ON ROLL 2014/15
All Saints Academy Plymouth Academy 892
Coombe Dean School Academy 1037
Devonport High School for Boys Academy (Grammar) 1164
Devonport High School for Girls Academy (Grammar) 835
Eggbuckland Community College Academy Trust Academy 1078
Hele’s School Academy 1254
Lipson Co-operative Academy Academy 1206
Marine Academy Plymouth Academy 870
Notre Dame RC School Academy 804
Plymouth High School for Girls LA Maintained (Grammar) 803
Plymstock School Academy 1569
Ridgeway School Academy 859
Sir John Hunt Community Sports College LA Maintained 795
St Boniface Catholic College Academy 652
Stoke Damerel Community College Academy 1439
Tor Bridge High Academy 1204
UTC Plymouth University Technical College Academy 196 (Years 10-13 only)
Plymouth School of Creative Arts Free School 120 (Year 7 only so far)
Plymouth Studio School Free School Opens 2015/16
-
EFA 16-18 Places & Funding
Source: EFA
Source: School Autumn Census 14/15
Plymouth Schools – On roll
2014/15
• School places have remained fairly stable across the last 3 years, however
funding has declined in line with EFA moves to equalise School/FE funding
• FE places have increased over the last 3 years
• The volume of young people moving in to post-16 declines until 2019 when
population levels begin to increase again
Provider 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
SCHOOL 3,833 3,846 3,870 £18.5M £19.2M £18.7M
FE 3,438 3,624 3,862 £16.1M £16.4M £17.1M
TOTAL 7,271 7,470 7,732 £34.6M £35.6M £35.8M
Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11
2,694 2,602 2,631 2,749 2,818
-
School Sixth Form & FE Core Aims
Source: EFA 2014
Post-16 provision is
predominantly at level 3
There is a slight increase in
level 3 provision over the
three year period with
declines evident at level 1
and level 2
Vocational provision which
had increased between 11/12
and 12/13 is now in decline
Academic provision appears
to be reasonably stable
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Entry 1 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Residents of Plymouth LA – Core Aim Level
2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
Residents of Plymouth LA – Core Aim Type
Academic Vocational
-
Destination of 16-year olds
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Plymouth Year 11 Cohort Activity
Staying at School
FE College
Apprenticeship
Other
Approximately two thirds of 16 year olds remain at School
Between 20% and 25% of 16 year olds transfer to FE Colleges
Around 4% of 16 year olds start an Apprenticeship
Source: CSW Statistical Reports 2014
-
Priority Sectors for Plymouth L1
Level 1 provision has
declined significantly from
2012/13 to 2013/14
Source: EFA 2014
0
50
100
150
200
250
300Residents of Plymouth – Core Aim – Level 1
2011/12 2012/13
2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
FE S6F FE S6F FE S6F
Business Services 4 0 9 0 2 0
Arts, Media & Publishing 28 0 14 0 2 6
Engineering & Manufacturing Technologies 79 51 99 65 42 52
Health, Public Services & Care 122 3 157 0 17 0
Leisure, Travel & Tourism 32 10 35 3 13 0
Construction 184 54 199 75 61 29
ICT 0 12 3 0 3 0
-
Priority Sectors for Plymouth L2
Level 2 provision has
significantly declined in
Construction from
2012/13 to 2013/14
Source: EFA 2014
020406080
100120140160180200
Residents of Plymouth – Core Aim – Level 2
2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
FE S6F FE S6F FE S6F
Business Services 24 5 23 7 19 24
Arts, Media & Publishing 50 6 40 21 23 11
Engineering & Manufacturing Technologies 98 54 102 57 105 49
Health, Public Services & Care 75 81 74 105 48 94
Leisure, Travel & Tourism 48 20 47 13 30 21
Construction 77 43 103 45 23 21
ICT 27 28 14 14 6 29
-
Priority Sectors for Plymouth L3
There is a lot less level 3
provision for Engineering &
Manufacturing Technologies
and Construction compared
to level 1 and 2
Provision for Arts, Media &
Publishing greatly
increases at level 3
Source: EFA 2014
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
Residents of Plymouth – Core Aim – Level 3
2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
FE S6F FE S6F FE S6F
Business Services 61 151 58 168 51 164
Arts, Media & Publishing 411 395 398 410 451 433
Engineering & Manufacturing Technologies 60 36 54 24 49 58
Health, Public Services & Care 163 218 129 299 127 308
Leisure, Travel & Tourism 63 250 91 245 100 263
Construction 11 0 28 0 17 0
ICT 44 130 46 175 36 138
-
CURRENT SUPPLY OF SKILLS (3)
Young people in employment
-
Young People on Their First Job
Source: UKCES, National Employers’ Skills Survey, 2013
Employer’s perception of young people’s preparedness for work on their
first job leaving education is that 16-year old school leavers and University
leavers are either very well or well prepared.
17-18 year old school leavers, however, tend to be less prepared for work.
The highest percentage of ‘very well prepared’ leavers are the University
graduates
At the opposite end are the 17-18-year olds on their first job from school
that are the least prepared or ‘very poorly prepared’
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Very wellprepared
Well prepared Poorly prepared Or very poorlyprepared
Varies too muchto say
Very well/wellprepared
Poorly/very poorlyprepared
Preparedness for work of young education leavers on their first job
16-year old from school 17-18-year old from school 17-18-year old from FE college From University or other HEI
-
Around 22% of the Plymouth University
and the University of St Mark & St John
graduates are being retained in the city,
with the highest proportion from the
Health, Biological Science, and
Education subject areas, and a high
proportion of them have gone into
subject-related jobs (i.e. Health &
Education).
The destination of employment of the
remaining graduates, however, has not
necessarily matched their qualifications
and a lot of them are underemployed,
working in Retail; the greatest
proportion of them, nevertheless, work
in the Education sector, despite coming
from other backgrounds;
Health and Biological Sciences
graduates are most likely to secure
subject-related employment.
Source: Higher Education Statistical Agency, 2014
Destination of HE Leavers
116 99
78 125
15
109 91
16 21
86 96
31 47
103 129
86 79
200 212
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2011/12 2012/13
Education
Creative arts & design
Historical & philosophical studies
Languages
Mass communications &documentationBusiness & administrative studies
Law
Social studies
Architecture, building & planning
Engineering & technology
Computer science
Mathematical sciences
Physical sciences
Agriculture & related subjects
Graduate retention
21.3% 22%
271
245
134 128 124 120
81
51 47 41
28 17
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2011/12 2012/13
Education
Retail trade, except of motorvehicles and motorcycles
Human health activities
Food and beverage serviceactivities
Public administration anddefence; compulsory socialsecurityArchitectural and engineeringactivities; technical testing andanalysisSocial work activities withoutaccommodation
Employment activities
Sports activities andamusement and recreationactivities
Destination of University leavers
-
STEM HE Provision
STEM course provision at
Plymouth University represents
41.2% of total provision;
STEM graduates make up 39.3% of
all PU graduates employed in
Plymouth, and 47.2% of all other
PU graduates.
STEM
The highest make up of these
graduates are from a background
in Medicine and related, and
Engineering & Technology
-
Destination of STEM HE
Graduates The chart on the left shows
the destination of graduates
in the five STEM courses at
PU into employment in
Plymouth following academic
year 2012/13;
Medicine & related, and
Engineering & Technology
graduates have been the
highest proportion to secure
subject-related employment
in the city;
On the other hand, the most
other graduates across the
five subject areas have gone
into Education;
Concerningly, a significant
proportion of graduates
particularly in Computer
Science, Physical Science and
Mathematical Science have
gone into Retail after
graduation.
-
Lack of working/life experience or
maturity main skill gap
Although the vast majority of young
graduates, particularly University
leavers, are seen to be either ‘well’ or
‘very well’ prepared for work, and
very few skills gaps have been
identified for this group...
... 17-18 year old school leavers and
FE college leavers on their first job
have been reported to:
Lack a working world and life
experience or maturity required in the
workplace
Have a poor education or lack of
numeracy/literacy
Lack common sense
16 year olds appear better prepared
for the world of work compared to 17-
18 year olds Source: UKCES, National Employers’ Skills Survey, 2013
Skills Gaps
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Lack required skills or competencies
Literacy/numeracy skills
Poor education
Lack of common sense
Poor attitude / personality or lack ofmotivation
Lack of working world / life experience ormaturity
None / recruits not poorly prepared
Poor education/lack of numeracy/literacy
Poor education/lack ofnumeracy/literacy/other
Skills lacking among young education leavers on their first job
From University or other HEI 17-18-year old from FE college
17-18-year old from school 16-year old from school
-
The main skills that need improving,
identified in occupations with skills
gaps are:
- Planning and organisation skills
(59%)
- Technical/practical or job-specific
skills (57%)
- Team working skills (49%)
- Problem solving skills (40%)
- Customer handling skills (37%)
Over half of employers have, therefore,
reported soft and practical/job-specific
skills as the main skills that need
improving, suggesting that employees
are generally literate and numerate and
core skills are suitably developed for
work.
Source: UKCES, National Employers’ Skills Survey, 2013
Skills Gaps
25% 27%
37%
33%
46%
41% 7% 49%
59%
33%
25%
25%
60% 2% 7%
16% 16%
35%
26%
38%
40%
8% 42%
50%
24%
22%
22%
52%
4% 9%
16% 7%
39%
25%
37%
49%
2%
40% 59%
25%
26%
34%
57%
1% 3%
Skills that need improving in all occupations with skills gaps
Basic computer literacy / using IT
Advanced IT or software skills
Oral communication skills
Written communication skills
Customer handling skills
Team working skills
Foreign language skills
Problem solving skills
Planning and Organisation skills
Strategic Management skills
Numeracy skills
Literacy skills
Technical or practical skills or Job specificskills
Personal attributes (e.g. motivation, workethos, common sense, initiative, reliability,commitment, punctuality, flexibility)*
Plymouth
HotSW
C & IoS
-
Skills Gaps by Occupation
Skills gaps are mainly occurring in
low- and intermediate - level jobs,
and are higher than the HotSW and
C&IoS rates;
However, while a low proportion of
employers have reported skills gaps
in high-level occupations such as
managers or associate
professionals, a significant 17%
have identified gaps in professional
occupations , a proportion also
above the regional rates;
The main causes for skills gaps
have been highlighted as staff being
new to the role and having not
completed their training, appropriate
training not being provided, and a
lack of motivation.
Source: UKCES, National Employers’ Skills Survey, 2013
Skills gaps per job Plymouth Heart of the South West
Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
Managers 3% 3% 3%
Professionals 17% 10% 10%
Associate professionals 0% 9% 11%
Administrative/clerical staff 5% 6% 5%
Skilled trades 22% 11% 10%
Caring, leisure and other services staff 20% 15% 14%
Sales/customer service staff 15% 12% 15%
Machine operatives 18% 13% 14%
Elementary staff 15% 14% 14%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
The development of new products and service
The introduction of new working practices
The introduction of new technology
They are new to the role
They have not received the appropriate training
Their training is currently only partially completed
They have been on training but their performance has…
Unable to recruit staff with the required skills
Problems retaining staff
Staff lack motivation
Lack of other skills e.g. communication, interpersonal*
Lack of aptitude to do job/reached maximum…
Non-work related problems e.g. health or personal…
Language barrier - English not first language*
Staff are too old to carry out the work required*
Other
New to the role/training not complete
Transient skills gaps
Causes of skills gaps for occupations that were followed up
Plymouth
Heart of the South West
Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
-
Just below 70% of employers within
Plymouth have reported an impact of
skills gaps on their business
performance, with almost 20% seeing
a major impact. This is around 10%
above those across the HotSW and
Cornwall & IoS LEPs.
Skills gaps lead to:
- increased workload for other staff
- higher operating costs
- difficulties introducing new
working practices
- losing business/orders to
competitors
Impact of skills gaps
Source: UKCES, National Employers’ Skills Survey, 2013
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Yes - major impactYes - minor impact No Any impact
Do skills gaps impact on how business performs?
Cornwall and the Isles of ScillyHeart of the South WestPlymouth
22%
18%
26%
28%
24%
50%
9%
42%
15%
12%
21%
31%
25%
50%
8%
43%
21%
9%
20%
36%
30%
57%
9%
36%
Implications of skills gaps Lose business or ordersto competitors
Delay developing newproducts or services
Have difficulties meetingquality standards
Have higher operatingcosts
Have difficultiesintroducing new workingpracticesIncrease workload forother staff
C & IoS
HotSW
Plymouth
-
4415
3548 3868
4782
413
5092
823
3387 3078
3320
3879
612
4097
785
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Supervision toensure that
employees areguided throughtheir job role
over time
Providedopportunities
for staff tospend time
learning through
watching othersperform their
job
Allowed staff toperform tasks
that go beyondtheir strict job
role and
providing themwith feedback
Any broaderdevelopment
activties
None of thesebroader
developmentactivities
Any broaderdevelopment
activties or onor off the job
training
Any broaderdevelopment
activities but noon or off job
training
Plymouth
Portsmouth
• The chart above shows the actions that employers across Plymouth and Portsmouth have taken to
support their employees development in the workplace;
• Plymouth employers tend to engage more in broader development activities than Portsmouth
employers
• Main activities include on or off the job training, supervision to ensure that employees are guided
through their job role over time, or have allowed their staff to perform tasks that go beyond their
strict job role and provide them with feedback;
• Just under 20% of employers in Plymouth have not engaged in any training or other development
activities.
Actions Taken to Aid Development of Employees
Source: UKCES, National Employers’ Skills Survey, 2013
-
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Lack of funds for training /training expensive
Can't spare more staff time (having themaway on training)
Staff now fully proficient /don't need it
Staff not keen
A lack of good local training providers
Lack of provision (e.g. courses are full up)
Difficulty finding training providers who candeliver training where or when we want it
A lack of appropriate training /qualificationsin the subject areas we need
Hard to find the time to organise training
Lack of knowledge about trainingopportunities and/or suitable courses
Decisions taken at head office
Staff turnover
Training not a management priority
Other
Portsmouth
Plymouth
Barriers to Providing More Training
• The main barriers to providing more on or
off the job training are:
A lack of funds for training/training
expensive
Can’t spare more staff time (having them
away on training)
Hard to find the time to organise training
• A high proportion of Portsmouth employers
also believe that training is not a
management priority; however, for
Plymouth employers, this is one of the least
significant barriers;
• It is important to note that a very low
percentage of Plymouth employers have
stated that their staff do not needed and are
fully proficient as a reason for not investing
in more training.
Source: UKCES, National Employers’ Skills Survey, 2013
-
Apprenticeships Plymouth
-
Apprenticeship Starts
Source: SFA Learner Cube 2014
5 sectors dominate with over 93% of all starts
Except for Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies, all top sectors have seen a decline in
starts from 2012/13 to 2013/14
Of particular note is the Business, Administration and Law sector
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Starts in Top 10 Sectors - Plymouth All Ages
2012/13
2013/14
-
Apprenticeship Starts
Source: HM Government, Local Education Authority: Plymouth, 2014
Apprenticeship enrolments have
been dropping significantly after
reaching a peak in 2012;
In 2013/14, most starts have
occurred at the intermediate level
amongst those under 19;
Adult apprenticeship starts are also
mainly at the intermediate level, and
are not far below the number of
starts below the age of 19;
Most enrolments are concentrated in
Business, Administration & Law and
Engineering & Manufacturing.
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2005/062006/072007/082008/092009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14
SW, England Plymouth Apprenticeship starts all ages, 2005-2014
Plymouth South West England
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Intermediate LevelApprenticeship
Advanced LevelApprenticeship
HigherApprenticeship
All Apprenticeships
Apprenticeship starts by level and age group, 2013/14
Under 19 19-24 25+ All Ages
-
Apprenticeship Starts by Sector
and Level
The number of
apprenticeship starts has
declined significantly after
having peaked in 2012;
This can be seen across all
sectors except for
constructions and health;
Moreover, most
apprenticeships in 2013/14
have been seen mainly in
the under 19 age group and
at the intermediate level and
19-24 at the advanced level.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Business, Administration & Law
Engineering & Manufacturing Tech
Health, Public Services & Care
Construction, Planning & the Built Env
Leisure, Travel & Tourism
ICT
Arts, Media & Publishing
Apprenticeship Starts by Sector
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Intermediate Level
Apprenticeship
Advanced Level
Apprenticeship
Higher
Apprenticeship
All
Apprenticeships
Under 19 19-24 25+ All Ages
Apprenticeship Starts by Level and Age Group,
2013/14
Source: HM Government, Local Education Authority: Plymouth, 2014
-
Priority Apprenticeship Sectors
Source: SFR, DFE
16-18
Increased demand for
Health/Engineering/Construction across the 4
years
Retail is holding steady
Decline in demand for Business Admin & Law
All Starts
Strong demand in Business Admin & Law until
2012, now in decline
Health & Engineering have shown growth over
the period, other areas have remained
reasonably steady
Source: SFA Learner Cube
219 251 199 169
164 229
172 231
151
137
153 151
119 97
150 131
114 122
121 130
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
Top Five Apprenticeship enrolments by Sector 16-18
Health, Public Services &Care
Construction, Planning & theBuilt Env
Retail & CommercialEnterprise
Engineering &Manufacturing Tech
Business, Administration &Law
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
All Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts by Priority Sectors
Business, Administration & Law
Engineering & Manufacturing Tech
Health, Public Services & Care
Construction, Planning & the Built Env
Leisure, Travel & Tourism
ICT
Arts, Media & Publishing
-
Providers delivering Apprenticeships
in Plymouth by volume 2013/14
Source: SFA Delivery Cube 2014
2013/14
PROVIDERS Inter Adv High TOTAL
City College Plymouth 298 185 1 484
Skills to Group Limited 287 77 364
Achievement Training Ltd 103 90 193
Acacia Training & Development Ltd
81 67 5 153
Marr Corporation Limited 71 54 21 146
EQL Solutions Limited 138 1 139
Exeter College 79 53 4 136
Focus Training (SW) Limited 86 44 1 131
GHQ Training Limited 83 44 127
Babcock Training Ltd 92 22 114
Lifetime Training Group Limited 76 28 104
Learndirect Ltd 56 37 93
Elmfield Training Ltd 56 56
2013/14
PROVIDERS Inter Adv High TOTAL
GP Strategies Training Limited 25 29 1 55
Cornwall College 51 1 52
Paragon Education & Skills Ltd 41 10 51
CITB 36 11 47
New College Swindon 35 7 42
Hit Training Ltd 25 2 27
West Nottinghamshire College 7 14 21
Plymouth College of Art 1 19 20
Education & Training Skills Ltd 2 8 5 15
Serco Limited 13 2 15
Eastleigh College 7 1 8
First4Skills Limited 5 2 7
Sussex Coast College Hastings 5 5
Other 276 78 11 365
-
Engineering & Manufacturing
Technologies
Engineering
Manufacturing Technologies
Transportation Operations & Maintenance
-
Engineering & Manufacturing
Technologies
Source: SFA Learner Cube 2014
Significantly greater
provision at level 2 than at
level 3
Level 3 shows growth from
2012/13 into 2013/14; this is
predominantly in the lower
age ranges
The decline in level 2
provision is for the 25+ age
group (likely to be linked to
funding), while starts among
the 16-18 year olds has
seen a particularly notable
increase.
127 147
45 84
43
53
44
92
210 138
39
21
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Intermediate -2012/13
Intermediate -2013/14
Advanced - 2012/13 Advanced - 2013/14
Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts
25+
19-24
16-18
-
Engineering & Manufacturing
Technologies
Source: SFA Learner Cube, 2014
Provision at the two
local FE Colleges has
grown from 2012/13 to
2013/14
There are a number of
providers outside of the
area delivering provision
in this sector
Significant growth at
level 3 at City College
Plymouth
Cornwall College shows
growth at level 2
Provision at Skills to
Group Ltd has declined
0
50
100
150
200
250
Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts by Provider
2012/13
2013/14
020406080
100120140
Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts By Level & Provider
2012/13 Inter 2012/13 Adv 2013/14 Inter 2013/14 Adv
-
Construction, Planning & the
Built Environment
Building & Construction
-
Construction, Planning & the
Built Env
Source: SFA Learner Cube 2014
Level 2 provision has
remained steady, with an
increase in 19-24 year old
starts almost compensating
for the decline in adult
apprenticeship starts (25+)
Level 3 provision has
declined across all age
ranges;
Of note is the halving in the
number of apprenticeship
starts within the 16-18 age
group.
114 115
36 16
49 52
37
28
15 6
11
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Intermediate - 2012/13 Intermediate - 2013/14 Advanced - 2012/13 Advanced - 2013/14
Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts
25+
19-24
16-18
-
Construction, Planning & the
Built Environment
Source: SFA Learner Cube 2014
There are three significant
providers in the City
CITB and Skills to Group
Ltd have grown provision
between 2012/13 and
2013/14
Provision at City College
has declined in this
period, yet it remains one
of the main providers of
constructions and building
apprenticeships and other
Level 2 provision has
grown at Skills to Group
Ltd
Level 3 provision is in
decline apart from CITB
where there is a slight
increase
020406080
100120140
Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts by Provider
2012/13
2013/14
0102030405060708090
100
Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts by Provider & Level
2012/13 Inter
2012/13 Adv
2013/14 Inter
2013/14 Adv
-
Arts, Media & Publishing
Crafts, Creative Art & Design
Media & Communication
-
Arts, Media & Publishing
Source: SFA Learner Cube 2014
This is a sector with
significantly fewer starts
Provision in this sector
is dominated by Schools
and FE Colleges
Most starts have been
seen at the advanced
level;
Moreover, they have
mainly been dominated
by the 16-18 age group
in 2012/13, and by the
19-24 age group in
2013/14
1 1
5
1
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Intermediate -2012/13
Intermediate -2013/14
Advanced - 2012/13 Advanced - 2013/14
Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts
25+
19-24
16-18
-
Arts, Media & Publishing
Source: SFA Learner Cube 2014
Delivery in this sector
is dominated by FE
Colleges
There is more level 3
provision in this
sector
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Plymouth College ofArt
Exeter College City CollegePlymouth
Creative Process
Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts by Provider
2012/13
2013/14
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Plymouth College ofArt
Exeter College City CollegePlymouth
Creative Process
Plymouth Apprenticeship Starts by Provider & Level
2012/13 Inter
2012/13 Adv
2013/14 Inter
2013/14 Adv
-
Health, Public Services & Care
Nursing & subjects & vocations allied to Medicine
Health & Social Care
Public Services
Child Development & Wellbeing
-
Health, Public Services & Care
Source: SFA Learner Cube 2014