PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

MATERIALS:

SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA.

STAINLESS STEEL

SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA TOILET

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

STAINLESS STEEL TOILET

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

FLUSH TYPE

FLUSH TANK:

SUPPLIED WITH A 3/8” OR ½” LINE.

TANK REFILLS SLOWLY.

REPEAT FLUSHING IS DELAYED UNTIL THE TANK REFILLS.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

FLUSH TYPE

FLUSH VALVE:

SUPPLIED WITH A ONE INCH LINE TO HANDLE A SHORT BURST OF HIGH VELOCITY WATER.

NO DELAY IN RE-FLUSHING.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

CLEANSING ACTION

SIPHON-JET:

WATER ENTERS THROUGH THE RIM FOR CLEANSING & JETS UP IN THE LEG OF THE TRAPWAY TO CREATE A SIPHON.

QUIET OPERATION.

USES LESS THAN FOUR GALLONS PER FLUSH.

MOST COMMONLY USED SYSTEM: WIDELY USED IN PRIVATE & RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS.

WHEN USED WITH A FLUSH VALVE, IT IS CALLED A FLUSHOMETER.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

CLEANSING ACTION

BLOWOUT DESIGN:

USES A DIRECT JET STREAM FOR BOWL EVACUATION.

FLUSHING ACTION IS RAPID & FORCEFUL.

HIGHLY EFFICIENT DUE TO A HIGH VELOCITY WATER DESIGN.

SELF-CLEANSING & LOW MAINTENANCE.

LOW WATER USAGE. (MAX.. 3.5 GALLONS PER FLUSH).

VERY NOISY.

NOT USED WITH TANK FLUSHING.

USED IN HEAVY DUTY INSTALLATIONS SUCH AS STADIUMS & INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

FLOOR MOUNTED TOILET

MOUNTING TYPE:

FLOOR MOUNTED

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

MOUNTING TYPE

WALL-HUNG:

MOST COSTLY TO INSTALL.

MUST BE MOUNTED ON CONCEALED CARRIERS.

EASIER TO MAINTAIN.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET

PRESSURIZED AIR WITH WATER:AIR-ASSISTED TOILET THAT USES ONLY TWO QUARTS OF WATER PER FLUSH.

AIR COMPRESSOR SUPPLIES THE COMPRESSED AIR THAT ASSISTS THE WATER FLUSH.

USES MODEST AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET

INCINERATION:COMES IN EITHER A TOILET OR URINAL MODEL.

NO PLUMBING CONNECTIONS.

REQUIRES ONLY THE SPACE OCCUPIED BY THE STANDARD-SIZE UNIT ABOVE THE FLOOR LINE.

WASTE REDUCED TO A SMALL VOLUME OF ASH.

REQUIRES ELECTRICAL POWER ONLY.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET

COMPOSTING:CHAMBER BELOW THE FLOOR HOLDS THE WASTE IN IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR DECOMPOSITION BY AEROBIC DIGESTION.

ROOM AIR IS CONTINUOUSLY DRAWN INTO THE COMPOSTING CHAMBER & VENTED OUT THROUGH THE ROOF.

ELIMINATES WATER CONSUMPTION BUT INCREASES ENERGY CONSUMPTION.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

URINALS:

VITREOUS CHINA OR ENAMELED IRON.

COMES IN SIPHON-JET & BLOWOUT TYPES.

EITHER WALL OR FLOOR MOUNTED.

SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA URINAL

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

BIDETS:

LOW BASIN USED TO BATH ONE’S PRIVATE PARTS.

CONSTRUCTED OF VITREOUS CHINA .

HOT & COLD WATER ENTER AROUND THE FLUSHING RIM, WITH A SPRAY RINSE AS AN OPTIONAL FEATURE.

SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA BIDET

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

BATHTUBS:

MATERIALS:

ENAMELED CAST IRON.

PORCELAIN ENAMEL ON PRESSED STEEL.

FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC.

STANDARD SIZES:

5’-0” & 6’-0”

FREESTANDING BATHTUB

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

CUSTOM TRAVERTINE BATHTUB

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

LE CORBUSIER, BATHROOM, VILLA SAVOY, POISSY, FR, 1929-31

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

SHOWERS: SHOWERS CAN BE INTEGRATED WITH A BATHTUB OR BE INDEPENDENTLY CONSTRUCTED INTO SHOWER STALLS.

THERMOSTATIC VALVES MIX THE WATER FOR THE DESIRED OUTLET TEMPERATURE.

BETTER-DESIGNED CONTROL VALVES HAVE A PRESSURE BALANCE FEATURE SO THAT WATER TEMPERATURE WILL NOT FLUCTUATE.

INDEPENDENTLY CONSTRUCTED SHOWER STALL

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

CUSTOM SHOWER STALL

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

LAVATORIES:

LAVATORIES CAN BE MADE USING A VARIETY OF MATERIALS.

LAVATORIES IN PUBLIC FACILITIES SHOULD HAVE SELF-CLOSING FAUCETS TO MINIMIZE WATER WASTE.

PEDESTAL LAVATORY

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

BANK OF LAVATORIES

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

KITCHEN SINKS:

MATERIALS: STAINLESS STEEL, ENAMELED CAST IRON, PRE-CAST TERRAZZO OR REINFORCED GLASS FIBER.

STAINLESS STEEL SINKS ARE PREFERRED BECAUSE THEY ARE DURABLE & EASY TO CLEAN.

AVAILABLE IN SINGLE-, DOUBLE- AND TRIPLE COMPARTMENTS.

STAINLESS STEEL KITCHEN SINK

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS

URINALS

BIDETS

BATHTUBS

SHOWERS

LAVATORIES

KITCHEN SINKS

SLOP SINKS

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

SERVICE SINKS:

SERVICE SINKS, SOMETIMES CALLED SLOP SINKS, ARE LOCATED IN JANITOR’S ROOMS FOR FILLING BUCKETS, CLEANING MOPS AND FOR GENERAL PURPOSE CLEANING.

SLOP SINK

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE

DEMAND LOAD

FRICTION LOSS

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

FIXTURE UNIT: PROBABLE DEMAND IS DEFINED IN FIXTURE UNITS.

A FIXTURE UNIT IS A UNIT FLOW RATE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO 1 CUBIC FOOT PER MINUTE.

FIXTURE UNITS

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE

DEMAND LOAD

FRICTION LOSS

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

FIXTURE UNITS

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE

DEMAND LOAD

FRICTION LOSS

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

DEMAND LOAD

BECAUSE IT IS UNLIKELY THAT ALL THE FIXTURES IN A BUILDING WOULD BE IN USE AT THE SAME TIME, CHARTS ARE AVAILABLE THAT RELATE FIXTURE UNITS TO FLOW IN

GALLONS PER MINUTE.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE

DEMAND LOAD

FRICTION LOSS

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

FRICTION LOSS:

PIPING

METERS

FICTION LOSS

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMAND

TRAPSFUNCTION

ACCESSIBILITY

TYPES

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

TRAPS:

FUNCTION:PREVENTS SEWER GASES FROM ENTERING THE SPACE.

SELF-CLEANING.

REQUIRED ON ALL FIXTURES.

ACCESSIBILITY:ACCESSIBLE FOR CLEANOUT.

WITHIN TWO FEET OF THE FIXTURE.

TRAPS

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMAND

TRAPSFUNCTION

ACCESSIBILITY

TYPES

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

TRAP TYPES

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION

SOLUTION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

BACK-SIPHONING OF SEWAGE INTO POTABLE WATER SUPPLY.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION

SOLUTION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

WHEN FLOW STOPS THE DISC AUTOMATICALLY SEALS ITSELF TO PREVENT BACK FLOW.

VACUUM BREAKERS

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION

SOLUTION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

BACKFLOW PREVENTER: CHECK VALVES.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION

SOLUTION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

AIR GAP

SOLUTIONS TO CROSS- CONTAMINATION:

AIR GAP BETWEEN SUPPLY OUTLET & THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE LEVEL OF WATER (2’ GAP).

PLUMBING FIXTURES

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

WATER DEMAND

TRAPS

CROSS-CONTAMINATION

NUMBER OF FIXTURES

NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE