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Plug Into Savings: The Best Meter and Control Strategies for Office Plug Loads
Rois Langner, NREL Technical Lead, Plug & Process Load Technical Solutions Team May 16, 2016
Plug Into Savings: The Best Meter and Control Strategies for Office Plug Loads
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- Presentations:
- Scott Hackel, Principal Engineer at Seventhwave
- Christopher Meek, - Associate Professor of Architecture at the University of Washington - Director of the Integrated Design Lab at the University of Washington’s
College of Built Environments
- Discussion and Q & A
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Scott Hackel Seventhwave
Reduction of commercial plug loads
ADVANCING THE LAST FRONTIER:
Scott Hackel, Seventhwave
Working with: Center for Energy and Environment and LHB
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project was supported in part by:
Minnesota Conservation Applied Research and Development (CARD)
Grant Program
C
RE
DIT
: Sam
sung
BACKGROUND AND METHOD
MONITORING
Monitored total workstation electric AND computer only
ENERGY SAVING STRATEGIES
Advanced power strips: APS – Occupancy sensor APS – Foot pedal Computer power management Behavior campaign + APS Common area equipment: Basic timer CREDIT: Tricklestar
PLUG LOAD ENERGY IN A TYPICAL OFFICE
CONTROLLABLE PLUG LOADS
Over 40% of typical office plug load is controllable
Workstations make up 53% of controllable load
Common area is the rest Office equipment 30% Break room 16%
TYPICAL LOADS - TRENDS
SAVING ENERGY IN WORKSTATIONS
WORKSTATION SAVINGS
WORKSTATION SAVINGS
WORKSTATION SAVINGS
ENERGY SAVINGS
kWh per station
% (with 95% conf. int.)
N
Occupancy sensor
Computer power management
Foot pedal
Foot pedal + behavior campaign
67
106
42
70
21.7%
29.1%
19.0%
22.4%
± 14%
± 18%
± 13%
± 13%
95
116
74
48
PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK
APS OC APS FP CPM
IMPLEMENTING CPM
Problems with solutions: Remote access | Pushing updates | Problem software | Other IT priorities
SAVING ENERGY IN COMMON AREAS
COMMON AREA EQUIPMENT
PH
OTO
CR
ED
IT: W
ikim
edia
com
mon
s
Evaluate needs! Annual energy
usage
Desktop printers
Medium-sized MFDs
Coffeemakers
Televisions
Water coolers
170
352
548
67
386
kWh
COMMON AREA TIMER SAVINGS
ECONOMICS
COSTS + BENEFITS
IMPACT OF BEHAVIOR
BEHAVIOR CAMPAIGN + APS
CREDIT: LHB Architects
IMPACT OF BEHAVIOR
City public works APS savings alone: … with behavior campaign: Engineering APS savings alone: … with behavior campaign:
34 kWh
49 kWh 57 kWh
84 kWh
CONTEXT, CONCLUSIONS
CHECK THE CLOSET
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Engineers, desktops Non-profit research, laptops Architects, desktops
Ene
rgy
usag
e pe
r use
r (kW
h) Workstation energy
PH
OTO
CR
ED
IT: S
amsu
ng
KEY TAKE-AWAYS
Though some loads are moving out of the workstation, significant savings remains
Relatively simple solutions are available to save 30% or more
Energy efficiency advocates should make an ally in IT
There’s value in discussing behavior
FOR MORE INFORMATION Control guidance:
Computer power management: ENERGY STAR Low Carbon IT Campaign
Advanced power strips: Better Buildings: Myth Busting Market Barriers to APS
Design: Lobato et al, 2011
Plug load management: NBI: Plug Load Best Practices Guide
Guidance for researchers: Lanzisera et al, 2013
NEED MORE DETAIL?
Scott Hackel Seventhwave [email protected]
Download the study See a fact sheet and the full report: seventhwave.org/commercial-plug-load-study
Contact me:
Christopher Meek University of Washington
@ the Bullitt Center The Integrated Design Lab The Discovery Commons http://www.bullittcenter.org http:/www.joelrogers.photoshelter.com http:/www.djc.om
Better Buildings Summit: Plug Load Management Strategies from the Bullitt Center 16 May 2017 Washington, DC Christopher Meek, AIA , IESNA Associate Professor + Director Integrated Design Lab University of Washington Department of Architecture [email protected]
www.idlseattle.com
The Bullitt Center
- http://www.bullittcenter.org/ “The greenest commercial building in the world.”
Image: Architectural Record
-40,000
-30,000
-20,000
-10,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
Elec
tric
Con
sum
ptio
n, k
Wh
Bullitt Center Performance Actuals, 10/1/15
SCL Power Used PV Exported to SCL PV Used by BullittSavings over Baseline Bullitt Building Use Est. Code BaselineSCL Net Meter - SVC 4 Proposed Tenant Building
Graph: PAE Engineering
Measured Energy Performance
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Daylighting!
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
TYPICAL BUILDING
With ENERGY
CONSERVATION
With OCCUPANT
ENGAGEMENT
DESIGN = 38%
DESIGN + PEOPLE
= 70%
Energy Conservation Measures
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
CBECS Climate Zone 3 Averages
Plug loads are ~ 17% on an EUI of 92 kBtu/ft²-yr (15.6) © UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings
Office Building: Seattle Energy Code 2009 (SEC, 2009) EUI ~42 kBtu/ft²-yr Plug loads alone = ~12.8 kBtu/ft²-yr
Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy
(SEC, 2009)
*This is based on modeling done in 2009 – I presume the wattage is dropping somewhat die to adoption of
more laptop computers.
Bullitt Center EUI ~16 kBtu/ft²-yr (Now operating ~10 kBtu/ft²-yr) Plugs alone = ~7.6 (3.1) kBtu/ft²-yr- with controls
If plug load reduction performance is not persistent over time the project will not meet net-zero operation.
Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings
Office Building: Seattle Energy Code 2009 (SEC, 2009) EUI ~42 kBtu/ft²-yr Plug loads alone = ~12.8 kBtu/ft²-yr
Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy
(SEC, 2009)
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Green Lease at Bullitt Center
• Many provisions… • Includes tenant energy budget apportioned by
square footage of leased area.
UW Leased Area: 7950 ft² Annual Energy budget: 5452 kWh Plug Load Energy Allocation: 0.69 kWh/ft² @ 150 ft²/person = 138 kWh/person-yr. @ 1300* hrs: ~80 W/workstation (average operating W) *1300 hours of estimated operation time per year per workstation **Plug load “density” = 0.53 W/ ft²
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Monitors Computer 2 – 20” CFL-LCD 1 - Desktop @ 75 Watts each @ 100 Watts
2 – 22” LED-LCD 1 - Desktop @ 40 Watts each @ 80 Watts 160 watts
2 – 22” LED-LCD 1 - Laptop @ 14 Watts each @ 62 Watts 90 watts
typical
good (2009)
better (2010)
250 watts
Graphic: PAE Engineering
Workstation Efficiencies
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Configuration
Hardware • 13 Electrical panels • 382 Active circuits • 149 Spare circuits
Software • 5 End-use categories
1. HVAC 2. Lighting 3. Plug load 4. IT Server 5. Plumbing, Pumps, FLS 6. Elevator.
• End use categories are also separated into Building and Tenant.
Building-Level End-Use Sub-Metering
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Image: Enmetric Plug Load Manager/UW IDL
Device-Level Sub-Metering and Data Collection
Control: Time clock, schedule, and rule-based
Meter: Office equipment, appliances, printers, task lighting
Monitor: Visualize and inform
Web-based Real Time Plug Load Data Collection, Scheduling, and Reporting at Each Receptacle.
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Image: Enmetric Plug Load Manager/UW IDL
Comprehensive Plug-Load/Task-Lighting Management
Reporting and Data Export
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Approx. 120 FTE January 2015
Approx. 170 FTE December 2015
Plug Load Energy 2015
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Plug Load Profile Hourly Data: Occupied/Unoccupied
Enmetric Plug Strips https://prod.enmetric.com/ Username: [email protected] Password: idl@enm
Live Demo*
* fingers crossed
http://www.bullittcenter.org/
Tenant Engagement
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Physical and situational cues activate + support values
Communicating a Culture of Conservation
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
M&V and Occupant Feedback Occupant Feedback and Performance Verification
Public Building Dashboard with Touch Screen Interface © UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
UW Integrated Design Lab http://www.cidseattle.com/idl/ http://www.aia.org
Image: Leviton Image: Legrand
Seattle Energy Code (SEC) 2015 Requires Control of 50% of All Receptacles
C405.10 Controlled receptacles (Mandatory). At least 50 percent of all 125 volt 15- and 20-ampere receptacles installed in private offices, open offices, conference rooms, rooms used primarily for printing and/or copying functions, break rooms, individual workstations and classrooms, including those installed in modular partitions and modular office workstation systems, shall be controlled as required by this section. Either split receptacles shall be provided, with the top receptacle(s) controlled, or a controlled receptacle shall be located within 12 inches (0.3 m) of each uncontrolled receptacle. Controlled receptacles shall be visibly differentiated from standard receptacles using the standard symbol required by the Seattle Electrical Code. Acceptable Control Method: (1) Occupancy, or (2) Timeclock with weekday/weekend schedule.
C409.3.6 Full-floor tenant space electrical sub-metering. In a multi-tenant building, where more than 90 percent of the leasable area of a floor is occupied by a single tenant, an electrical energy use display shall be provided to the tenant in accordance with the requirements of Section C409.4.3. Electrical loads from areas outside of the tenant space or from equipment that serves areas outside of the tenant space shall not be included in the tenant space sub-metering. A single display is permitted to serve multiple floors occupied by the same tenant.”
C409.3.4 Plug load system energy use. This category shall include all energy used by appliances, computers, plugged-in task lighting, and other equipment and devices, but not including vertical transportation equipment or equipment covered by other end-use metering categories listed in C409.3. In a building where the main service is 480/277 volt, each 208/120 volt panel is permitted to be assumed to serve only plug load for the purpose of Section C409, unless it serves nonresidential refrigeration or cooking equipment. Exception: Where the total connected load of all plug load circuits is less than 50 kVA, end-use metering is not required.
Seattle Energy Code (SEC) 2015: Requires End-Use Sub-metering Including Plug Loads
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Authorized for use by MEETS AC licensees by EnergyRM 05-09-2014
Metered Energy Efficiency Transaction Structure (MEETS)
© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017
Thank you! Christopher Meek, AIA, IES Associate Professor and Director Integrated Design Lab University of Washington Department of Architecture [email protected] www.idlseattle.com
Thank You
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