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6/3/15 1 Secondary informa.on Mark Wilks, Clinical Scientist, Microbiology Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary Direct detec.on of infec.on with the Abbo6 Plex ID PCR/ESI system PCR ESI/MS PlexID Iridica Summary: Specimen ( blood, sterile fluid etc) (any) microbe ID in 68hrs, no enrichment >£150 Basis of the technology RADICAL –rapid diagnosis of sepsis study Understanding what the results mean and how they might effect pa.ent management What next? How would you use the technology

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6/3/15  

1  

Secondary  informa.on  

Mark Wilks, Clinical Scientist, Microbiology Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK

Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary

   

 Direct  detec.on  of  infec.on  with  the  Abbo6  Plex-­‐ID  PCR/ESI    system      

PCR  ESI/MS  PlexID    Iridica  

•  Summary:  Specimen  (  blood,  sterile  fluid  etc)  (any)  microbe  ID  in  6-­‐8hrs,  no  enrichment  >£150  

•  Basis  of  the  technology  •  RADICAL  –rapid  diagnosis  of  sepsis  study      •  Understanding  what  the  results  mean  and  how  they  might  effect  pa.ent  management  

•  What  next?  How  would  you  use  the  technology  

6/3/15  

2  

Culture  Biochemical  ID  

Detec.on,  Iden.fica.on  &  speed  

Culture  

 MALDI-­‐TOF  

Mul.plexed  PCR  

Sample-­‐To-­‐Answer  Mulitplexed  PCR  

Cepheid    

PCR/Microarray  

Increased  Speed  of  iden.fica.on  

Broad  de

tec.on

 capability  

PCR/ESI-­‐MS  

Direct  MALDI  

Plex ID, nb. ESI and not MALDI and DNA not protein

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3  

E.coli

4364

.06

5380

.64

6254

.64

6315

.49

5096

.01

7157

.65

7273

.87

6410

.90

7870

.62

8368

.99

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000 Inte

ns. [

a.u.

]

4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 m/z

ribosomal Protein m/zRL36 4364,33RS32 5095,82RL34 5380,39RL33meth. 6255,39RL32 6315,19RL30 6410,60RL35 7157,74RL29 7273,45RL31 7871,06RS21 8368,76

MALDI-­‐TOF  -­‐  differences  in  ribosomal  proteins  basic  and  abundant    

nb  single  charge/protein  

PLEX-­‐ID  –  DNA  two  strands  and  mul.ple  charge  states  

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4  

6/3/15  

5  

6/3/15  

6  

Triangula.on  iden.fca.on  for  the  gene.c  evalua.on  of  risks  (TIGER)    IbisT5000    

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Abbot Plex-ID

 Plex-­‐IDIridica      

Pre  PCR        

Post  PCR      

Mass  spec  Bead  beater  

Mass  spec  

De-­‐salter  DNA  extractor  

T/C  

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8  

   

•  RApid  Diagnosis  of  Infec.ons  in  the  Cri.cAlly  ILL  (RADICAL)  

• Mul.-­‐center  observa.onal  study  528    pa.ents  1. Demonstrate  analy.cal  performance  

2. Imputed  clinical  and  economic  value  

•  Evalua.on  of  PCR/ESI-­‐MS    vs.  Culture  

Scientific publications, case studies/series

Utilize data for reimbursement & economic model

RADICAL  trial  Abbo6  PLEX  ID  

Sampling  

•  Clinical  suspicion  of  a  BSI  (  pneumonia)  •  Same  venipuncture:  ≥5ml  EDTA  blood  and  a  BC  •  If  mul.ple  BC  taken,  extra  5ml  of  EDTA  blood  also  taken    

•  Blood  kept  at  4˚C  for  up  to  48h  and  then  -­‐20˚C  •  Retrospec.ve  analysis  in  London,  Paris  or  Geneva  •  (ETAs  BALs,  PD  fluid,  synovial  fluid  also  taken)  

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BAC  Strip  •  Detects  bacteria,  Candida  species  and  4  an.bio.c  resistance  markers  

•  +600  reportable  species/groups  

•  1)  Pneumonia  (up  to  5  ml  BAL)  •  2)  Sepsis  (5  ml  blood)  •  3)  Sterile  fluids  (up  to  5  ml)  

Fungal  Strip  

Kingdom  Fungi  

Genus  Candida  

Class  Ascomycetes  

Genus  Fusarium  

Genus  Aspergillus  

Order  Mucorales  

Genus  Cryptococcus  

Kingdom  Fungi  

Kingdom  Fungi  

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Viral  IC  Strip    Assay  detects:  

   Herpesviruses  (HHV1-­‐8)    Adenoviruses  (A-­‐F)    Parvovirus  (PB19)  

 Picornavirus  (Enterovirus  A-­‐E))    Polyomaviruses  (JC,  BK)  

 Sample:  DNA  &  RNA  from  Plasma  (and  others)  

 21  rep  groups  

     

Radical:  Pa.ent  demographics  (n=528)    

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Overall  results  616  specms/528  pa.ents  PLEX  ID  223/616  =  36.2%  posi.ve  Culture  67/616  =  10.8%  posi.ve    

Ratio of culture positive: PCR/ESI MS positive for selected organisms

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12  

‘    

‘DNAemia’-­‐  Culture  nega.ve/PCR  posi.ve      

‘          

 

•  Peters  Lancet  ID  2004  •  need  for  a  (semi)  quan.ta.ve  result  •  repeat  Plex  ID  tes.ng  results  reproducible  •  do  the  results  make  sense?  ‘Leaky  gut’  

Clinical  Review  of  all  cases:  7  intensivists,  3  reviews  per  case  1584  comments  on  528  cases  

Yes   No   N/A  

Narrow  AB   25%   60%   16%  

Expand  AB   16%   69%   14%  

Shorten/discon.nue  AB     20%   69%   14%  

Start  AB   21%   23.5%   56%  

Other  interven.ons     6%   86%   8%  

Addi.onal  tes.ng   16%   80%   5%  

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85  year  immunocompetent  male  PMH  hypertension,  malaria,    1/52  lower  abdominal  pain,  diarrhea,  vomi.ng,  

   admi6ed  to    hospital    08/01  for  confirmed  sepsis/infec.on.      

•  ICU  admission  9/1,  abdominal  X  ray:  gastrointes.nal  perfora.on  

•  AB  8/1  cerriaxone  and  metronidazole  •  9/1/  arterial  and  CVCs  •  12/1  imipenem  7  days  •  16/1  amikacin  3  days  

•  BC  9/1:  no  growth  •  Blood  Plex-­‐ID  9/1:  Gordonia  polyisoprenivorans  

•  9/1  Peritoneal  fluid  culture:  no  growth  •  9/1  Peritoneal  fluid  Plex-­‐ID:  9/1  Acinetobacter  baumanii,  Bilophila  

wardsworthia,  Burk  (ceno)cepacia,  Pantoea  agglomerans  

 

  77  year  old  male,  pulmonary/respiratory,      kidney/renal  disease,  hypertension,  struma  nodosa,  admi6ed  to    hospital    06/05  for  suspected  sepsis/infec.on,    

immunocompetent  ,  nephrectomy,  relaparotomy  due  to  bleeding  

•  Date  of  ICU  admission  8/6:  haemorrhage  

•  AB  9/5  tazobactam  4  days  •  12/5  caspofungin  –  ongoing  •  15/5    ampicillin  +sulbactam  3  days  •  17/5  tazobactam  5  days  •  19/5  teicoplanin  11  days  •  19/5  caspofungin  6  days  •  21/5  ciprofloxacin  10  days  •  31/5  amox/clavulanic  3  days  •  2/6  tazobactam    •  12/6  caspofungin    

•  BC  12/6  :  no  growth  •  Blood  Plex-­‐ID  12/6  :  Enterococcus  faecium,    Van  B  

•  Discharged  from  ICU  14/6,  died  17/6  

 

6/3/15  

14  

85  yr  female,  immunocompetent,  PMH39.6  degrees,  abdominal  pain,  liver  abscess      admi6ed  to  the  hospital  on  14/06    ?  sepsis.  

SOFA  score  12    •  Date  of  ICU  admission  15/6  sepsis/infec.on,  shock,  CT  scan:  liver  

abscess  

•  AB    15/6  cerriaxone  and  metronidazole  

•  Liver  abscess  15/6  culture:  Morgenella  morganii  •  Liver  abscess  Plex-­‐ID:  M.  morganii  

•  BC  15/6  :  no  growth  •  Blood  Plex-­‐ID  15/6  :  F  nucleatum,  M.  morganii    •  Pleural  fluid  15/6  culture  no  growth  •  Plueral  fluid  15/6  Plex-­‐ID  Bilophila  wadsworthia,  M.morganii  

   

67  year  old  Male,  Past  Medical  History:  NIL,    admi6ed  to  the  hospital  on  27/12  

•  Admi6ed  to  ICU  on  14/1:RESPIRATORY/VENTILATORY  INSUFFICIENCY,  infiltrate  on  Xray,  SOFA  score  10  

•  AB  Meropenem  and  Vancomycin  15/1  •  Blood  culture  15/1:  no  growth  •  Blood  culture  17/1:  ?no  growth  •  BC  Plex-­‐ID15/1:  Mtb  complex  +  Ps  aeruginosa  •  BC  Plex-­‐ID  17/1:  Mtb  complex  •  AB  21/1:  Amikacin,  clarithromycin,  22/1  rifampicin    

6/3/15  

15  

Sample: 000203902Plate: 0D000002968CA151100213Slot: 4Assay Database: RDL44.47.39Error:

Fungi

Control

Assay: BCAL5lAssay Protocol: NextPLE( BAC Assay RUOProtocol Version: 1,0.0.9154Analysis Serven SPS.1.3.9225/REL-GenX-V09R001-9221

ltlicrobe Q Score L"evel0.99 667

ltlicrobe Q Score

Q Sgole LevelControl 0.97 58

Sampfe: L4AL24786Plate: 0D000002968CA151100213Slot 5Assay Database: RDL44.47.39Error:

Fungi

Itlarker

Control

Assay: BCAL5lAssay Protocol: NeltPLD( BAC Assay RUOProtocol Version: 1.0.0.9154Analysis Server: SPS, 1.3.9225IREL-GenX-V09R001-9221

Microbe QScore Level0.96 L7

Microbe Q ScoreNot

Marker Result Q ScoR"-"_-- _-- " !:*gvgNot detected nla nla

IW]W4[i{l$rwNot detected nla nla

I : ryh" '

il ilicrobeControl 0.97 83

PAGE 1 OF 1 -.. FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES.

Case  203    2nd  Plex  ID  specm  

1yr  old  boy  Arthri.s  ler  elbow  All  viro  and  Micro  -­‐  ve    Il12/TNF  alpha  

Mtb  by  PLEX  ID?  •  1st  Run  adjacent  specimens:  

–  Radical  Case  302  2nd  specn:  M  tb  complex  high  level  –  Child  MH  ler  elbow:  M  tb  complex  low  level  

•  Clean  everything    with  bleach  and  rerun  –  Radical  Case  302  2nd  specn:    M  tb  complex  high  level  –  Child  MH  ler  elbow:  M  tb  complex  low  level  

•  Other  samples  –  Radical  Case  302  1st  specn:  M  tb  complex  plus  Ps  aeruginosa  

–  Child  MH  ler  elbow  virology  lab  sample  M  tb  complex  •  What  to  do?  

 

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What  to  do  •  Radical  -­‐  blind  study-­‐  unethical  to  leave    -­‐  unblind,  MDR  TB  not  known  to  ICU  

 •  1yr  old  boy,  no  risk  factors,  no  travel,    •  tested  .ssue  around    the  joint  nega.ve      •  test  not  CE  marked  -­‐  abnormal  LFTs  •  grew  Mtb  1  month  later  •  VNTR  typing  –  BCG  •  an.  tuberculosis  treatment  started  

Using  Iridica  -­‐  rule  in/rule  out  infec.on  

•  Rule  in  •  Accurate,  rapid  ID  of  wide  range  of  pathogens  

•  Mixed  infec.ons  •  End  sequen.al  tes.ng  

 -­‐look  for  everything  on  day  1  •  Unaffected  by  prior  an.bio.c  treatment  

•  Rule  out  •  Rely  on  High  NPV  •  Stop  treatment/don’t  start  

•  Need  high  sensi.vity  •  High  confidence  to  stop  treatment/not  start  

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Rule  out-­‐  importance  of  a  high  NPV  

•  Invasive  fungal  infec.on  •  Poor  diagnos.c  tests  •  Over  use  of  prophylaxis  •  Barts  Health  an.fungal  spend  £1.9M  per  annum  

•  Neonatal  infec.ons  •  BC:  difficult  to  get  adequate  blood  vol,  slow  

•  Serious  consequences  of  overuse  of  an.bio.cs  –  Kuppala  2014  –  AB  treatment,  no  sepsis    2,3  X  NEC,  LOS,  death  

Acknowledgments/Conflicts  of  Interest  

   •     

     •  Abbo6  for  support  for  study-­‐  machine,  reagents  •  Travel  expenses  (  not  yet  claimed)  •  RADICAL  group  for  access  to  data  •  Ronan  Murphy  for  analysis  •     

6/3/15  

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Further  reading  excellent  review:  Buchan  and  Ledeboer  Clin  Micro  Rev  2014  

Why  has    the  adop.on  of  molecular  methods  in  diagnos.c  microbiology  so  

slow  

6/3/15  

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Inate  conserva.sm?  

•  Rapid  adop.on  of  MALDI-­‐TOF,    – high  capital  cost,    low  running  cost  

•  Wrong  test/wrong  price  – 40  enteric  pathogens  £50  – Detect    Candida  direct  from  blood    £200  –  ID  from  posi.ve  Blood  cultures  £100-­‐200  

Nice  test,  shame  about  the  price  •  Single  target  

–  Cepheid    £20-­‐50  –  e.g.  TB,  MRSA,  C  diff,  CRO  

•  Syndromic  (£100-­‐200)  –  Cure.s  Varyo  –  e.g.resp,  orthorpaedic  –  BioFire  FilmArray  (BioM)  –  e.g  Ebola,  resp,  GI,  BC,  panels  

•   Everything  – Abbo6  Iridica  –  all  bacteria,  all  fungi,  viruses  £100-­‐200  

•  User  friendly  NGS  easy  to  understand  interface  –  Illumina  MiSeq  BioMerieux    –  Pathogenica  (  BioInova.ons)