pleno breastmilk
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Nutritional Composition of
Breast Milk
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Human Milk Facts
Isotonic Solution
milk and plasma are of similar ion concentration
Designed to protect infants chronic childhood
diseases. T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages
and epithelial cells aid in protection
Two forms of breast milk are colostrum and maturemilk.
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Lactogenesis
Lactogenesis is the production of human milk.
Three phases:
Lactogenesis I, II, III
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Colostrum in Human Milk
Thick, yellow fluid
Produced during lactogenesis II (2-3 days afterbirth)
Provides 58-70 cal/100 ml
High in protein, electrolytes, sodium,potassium, chloride and vitamin A
Low in fat and carbohydrate Lactobacillus bifidus factor
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Mature Human Milk
Thin and watery texture
Forms during lactogenesis III
Provides 2,730-2,940 cal/L
High in linoleic acid and cholesterol content for braindevelopment
High in fat content and lactose
Docosahexaenoic acids (DHA)
Long chain omega-3 fatty acids.
Used for synthesis of brain tissues, central nervoussystem and eyes
DHA and cholesterol not found in human milk substitutes
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Mature Human Milk- PRO
Protein
Low content
Dependent on infants age
Antiviral and antimicrobial effects
Casein
Major protein in mature milk
Casein, calcium phosphate, and other ions such asmagnesium and citrate is what makes milk appear
white.
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Mature Human Milk- CHO
Lactose
Disaccharide of galactose and glucose.
Dominant carbohydrate in human milk.
Enhances calcium absorption.
Other carbohydrates Monosaccharides
Glucose
Polysaccharides
Contribute calories Stimulate the growth of bifidus bacteria in the gut
Inhibit the growth of E. coli and other bacteria
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Specific Nutrients in Human Milk
Milk Component Early Milk Mature Milk
Lactose (g) 20-30 67
Total protein (g) 16 9
Fat% 2 3.5
Calories 0 2730-2940
Retinol (mg) 2 0.3-0.6
Caretenoids (mg) 2 0.3-0.6
Riboflavin (ug) 0 400-600
Niacin (mg) 0.5 1.8-6.0
Vitamin B6 (mg) 0 0.9-0.31
Pantothenic acid (mg) 0 2-2.5
Biotin (ug) 0 5-9
Folate (ug) 0 80-140
Vitamin B12 (ug) 0 .5-1.0
Vitamin C (mg) 0 100
Vitamin D (microgram) 0 0.33
Vitamin E (mg) 2-12 3-8
Vitamin K (microgram) 2-8 2-3
Calcium (mg) 250 200-500
Phosphorus (mg) 120-160 120-140
Magnesium (mg) 30-35 30-35
Copper (mg) 0.5-0.8 0.2-0.4Iron (mg) 0.5-1.0 0.3-0.9
Zinc (mg) 8-12 1-3
Human Milk Composition (per liter)
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Change in Milk Composition During
Feeding
Foremilk
Released first
Higher in carbohydrate
Lower in fat
Hindmilk
Resembles cream
Higher in fat
Lower in carbohydrate
Released 10-20 minutes into the feeding
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Milk Supply and Demand
First month postpartum
About 2.5 cups per day of milk is produced
4-5 months postpartum
About 3 cups produced per day
Variations in milk production
1.8-5 cups per day for women nursing one infant
Infant weight, caloric density of milk and infants age
contributes infants demand for milk.
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Related Hormones
Oxytocin
This hormone causes
the alveoli to contract
and lets the milk flow.
This is called the let
down reflex
Prolactin
This hormone uses the
alveoli to take the
nutrients from the
bloodstream and make
it into milk.
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http://www.breastfeedingpartners.org/about_breastfeeding/aagstobaby.html
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BENEFITS OF BREAST MILK
MOTHER-BABY
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NF- 14 Teaching Aids: ENC
Benefits of breast milk to the baby
Breast milk and human colostrum are made for
babies and is the best first food
Easily digested and well absorbed
Contains essential amino acids
Rich in essential fatty acids
Better bioavailability of iron and calcium
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NF- 15 Teaching Aids: ENC
Benefits of breast milk (contd.)
Prevents under five child deaths
Protects against infections
Prevents allergies
Better intelligence
Promotes emotional bonding
Less heart disease, diabetes and lymphoma
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NF- 16 Teaching Aids: ENC
1. Motherinfected
4. Antibody tomothers
infection
secreted in milk
to protect baby
2. WBC in
mothers
body
make
antibodies
to protect
mother
3. Some
WBCs go
to breastand make
antibodies
there
Protection against infection
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NF- 17 Teaching Aids: ENC
Benefits to mother
Helps in involution of uterus
Delays pregnancy
Decreases mothers workload, saves time and
energy
Lowers risk of breast and ovarian cancer
Helps reduce weight faster
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NF- 18 Teaching Aids: ENC
Benefits to family and society
Contributes to child survival
Saves money
Promotes family planning
Environment friendly
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Procedures of breast feeding
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What is effective breastfeeding?
A baby that breastfeeds effectively cues
(shows readiness) for feedings, is in a good
feeding position, latches-on (attach) deeply atthe breast, and moves milk forward from the
breast and into his/her mouth.
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Feeding cues
To feed effectively, a baby has to wake up and let
his/her mother know that he/she wants to eat often enoughin 24 hours. Watch your baby and begin breastfeeding whenyou see him/her demonstrating any of these feeding cues:
licking
rooting
bobbing the head against the mattress or yourneck/shoulder
bringing hands to face or mouth
squawking
crying - Crying is a late feeding cue, and many babies havedifficulty latching once they become frustrated and beginto cry.
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Feeding positions
It will be easier for your baby to accomplish latch-on ifhe/she is snugly in a good position for feeding. The mostcommon feeding positions include the following:
cradle - the baby is held in the crook/elbow area of the armon same side as breast to be used for feeding; mothersupports breast with opposite hand; baby's body is rolled intoward mother's body so they are belly-to-belly.
cross-cradle - baby's head is supported by the hand
opposite the breast to be used for feeding; mothersupports breast with hand; baby is rolled in towardmother's body belly-to-belly.
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football/clutch - baby's head is supported by the handon the same side as breast to be used for feeding;
baby's body is supported on a pillow and tucked underthe arm on the same side as breast to be used forfeeding.
side-lying using modified cradle - in this position, thebaby lies next to the mother with mother's and baby's
bodies facing each other. If a pillow under your arm isuncomfortable, try placing your baby in the crook ofyour arm. This way, you will not be likely to roll over onthe baby should you doze off. This position also keepsthe baby's head at a good angle to bring baby and
breast together, with the baby's head higher thanhis/her tummy, which can be helpful for babies whoare more likely to spit up.
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