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GROUP 25D

Tutor :

Drs. Julizar, M.Kes, Apt

Block 1.1 :

Learning Process

AFIFAH ALFYANITA 1110312055

ANGGITA TIARA PRAMADIAZ 1110312060

AZIZAH AFDILA PUTRI 1110313018

DEO CERLOVA MILANO 1110312145

INDAH PERMATA SARI 1110312085

NAZLA PUTRI SUKMA 1110313048

NOVI YUDIA 1110313078

NURUL FITRI KHUMAIRA 1110312025

PUTRI SRI KARTIKA 1110311025

RISKA FITRIANA HERMAN 1110311025

VADHANA TRUNAKARASU

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Terms and Concepts

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Scene 1 : The Busy Student

Dr. Anjas, aged 40, went to Padang to participate in a seminar on

Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). He visited his parents during his stay there.

Dr. Anjas is a Primary Care Physicianwho is assigned in a Remote Health Care

Centre. However, he is very concerned about the development of medicine

science. His youngest brother was recently accepted as a student into the Faculty of

Medicine in University of Andalas. Dr. Anjas is surprised to see the learning activities

carried out by his brother as it was totally different from what he himself went

through many years ago. During his time, there were only lectures and practicum but

his brother has to go through tutorials, propaedeutics, skills laband plenary

too.

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Dr. Anjas asked his brother about this matter and it was obvious that there

was a significant change in the paradigm of education that is from teacher

centered learning to student centered learning. The curriculum that is used

now is Competency Based Curriculum. Dr. Anjass brother explains that the

current method of learning is Problem Based Learning (PBL)in which students

have the small structured group discussions using the seven jump steps. Beside

that, there are also changes in the evaluation method. Now, it does not only focus on

the written examination but there is also exam skills and evaluation during the

process of tutorials. Therefore, his brother becomes busy as he has many self

studying to do. to help the students in understanding the medical terminologies

during references, the students are given propaedeutics from their lecturers. Howis

the education in clinical level? Did it change too?asked Dr. Anjas. Iam not so sure,

but as I know there is indeed a change compared to the previous time,his brother

replied. How do you explain the paradigm change in the medical education in this

new era?

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E v i d e n c e B a s e d M e d i c i n e ( E B M )

L i f e - l o n g l e a r n i n g

C o m p e t e n c y B a s e d C u r r i c u l u m P r i m a r y C a r e P h y s i c i a n ( P C P )

T u t o r i a l

P r o p a e d e u t i c s

S k i l l s l a b P l e n a r y

T h e p a r a d i g m o f m e d i c a l l e a r n i n g

T e a c h e r c e n t e r e d l e a r n i n g

S t u d e n t c e n t e r e d l e a r n i n g

P r o b l e m B a s e d L e a r n i n g ( P B L )

S e v e n j u m p

M e d i c a l t e r m i n o l o g y

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Problems

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Problems Analysis

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How is the medical paradigm in medical faculty nowadays?

Students are required to be more active in the learning process

Students are required to know the communications skill and the

learning methods.

Lecturers just as a facilitors

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Why is Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) needed?

The best way to provide treatment to patients.

More efficient than conventional methods like attending seminar orreading journal

Technological developments simplify the realization of Evidence Based

Medicine.

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How to apply life-long learning in real life?

Formal : Going to school or university and taking next level education

Informal : Attending seminar and reading medical journal

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How is the curriculum in medical faculty?

Using Competency Based Curriculum

Using Problem Based Learning (PBL) as the real realization of

Competency Based Curriculum

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How is the evaluation methods of Problem Based Learning?

Components Percentage

Tutorial 20%

Skills Lab 20%

Writing Test 60%

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of Problem Based Learning?

Advantages :

We can more understand well and effectively

Can integrated new information

Increase studentsability

Increase in analyzing, understanding, and finishing the complex

problem

Direct communication and writing

Self directed learning

More focused on the individuals of the group

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Disadvantages :

The lazy student will not get any goal

The student who do not like work in team will more passive

Less time meeting

Student who used to study like in senior high school, will not serious

work in their group

The students might not be in the best position to determine what is

important for them and what is not.

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What are the backgrounds in changing between teacher centered learningand student centered learning?

There are numurous reason that make the learning system change. They

are :

General reason

Educational background

Cognitive psychology

globalisationhigh competetionthe development of information and

communicationhigh quality graduatesscience and technology

Constructivism theory

Learning is an active process. We canget it from experience

Adult theorySomeone can be classified as an adult

from his age and psychology .

Novice become Expert

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How to explain the meaning of medical terminology?

Medical terminology is terms that is used in medical world.

It can be some worlds that describe the meaning of a diseases, human

body, etc.

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Scheme

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The Paradigm of Medical Learning

Evidence BasedMedicine Life-long Learning

Formal

Informal

Curriculum

ConventionalCurriculum

Curriculum Based

Competency

Learning Methods

Problem BasedLearning

Student CenteredLearning

Acedemic Stage

Learning Process

Evaluation

Clinical Stage

Teacher CenteredLearning

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Learning Objectives

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Students are able to explain the paradigm of medical learning.

Students are able to understand the basic concepts of Evidence Based Medicine.

Students are able to understand the basic concepts of life-long learning.

Students are able to understand the concepts of curriculum based competency.

Students are able to understand the basic concepts of Problem Based Learning

(PBL).

Students are able to differentiate between Student Centered Learning and Teacher

Centered Learning.

Students are able to understand the learning process and evaluation process in

Andalas University.

Students are able to explain the medical terminology.

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1. The Paradigm of Medical Learning

Purpose to graduate professional doctor who can serve primary service based

on family oriented medications.

Medical education is not only directed at memorization skills but also on

critical and analytical skills in preparing professional doctors who are

competent in dealing with various clinical conditions.

Medical faculty uses Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in order to

graduate professional doctor

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3 criticals investigation of Evidence Based Medicine :

Is the research valid?

Is the result important?

If the valid research and important results are available, will they be

useful for patient ?

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3. Life-long learning

Life-long learning is a life time learning which is needed to keep the

information up to date and refresh our knowledge because of the

technology and science knowledge development.

Life-long learning is also the continuous building of skills and

knowledge throughout the life of an individual.

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Life long learning could be divided into 2 learning process:

Formal way

This is a system or structure doing in school life until the lecture in

university which is taught by professionals. These forms of formal long

life learning could be got by lecture process, taking the next level

education, attending the medical training, counseling and tutorial.

Informal way

This is a learning process other than the lectures method. We could get

this long life learning from seminar, reading journals and life

experiences.

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Subject of life-long learning :

Knowledge

Self control

Life-long Learning principals :

Learning to know

Learning to do

Learning to be

Learning to live together

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4. Competency Based Curriculum

KIPDI I ( 1982 1992)

Basic science

Medical chemistry

Medical biology Medical physic

Preclinical : anatomy & histology

Para clinic : microbiology

Clinic : radiology

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KIPDI II ( 1992 2004) Focuses on IPTEKDOK

KIPDI III (2004 until now)

Use PBL system with SCL method Focuses on :

Primary doctor Family doctor

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5. Problem Based Learning (PBL)

The Purpose of Problem Based Learning

Build and develop the learning of students who meet all three criteria of

learning domains.

In the field of knowledge : the form of basic science and applied science

in an integrated manner.

In the area of skills : the form of scientific reasoning, critical appraisal,

information literacy, self-directed learning, life-long learning.

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In the field of Attitudes : a value of frameworks, inter-human relations,

which relate to psychosocial problems (psychosocial issues).

Problem Based Learning Demands

Students can learn their own

Students can learn to be independent based on the Lifelong Learning

Students can implement the concepts of seven jumps

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Medical Faculty in Andalas University uses Competency Based

Curriculum that apply PBL as its education strategy

PBL system consist of :Blockconsist of modulesthat must be learned.

Module based on scenarios

Discussed in the tutorial

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Generic Skills and Attitudes

Teamwork

Communication skills

Critical evaluation of literature

Chairing a group

Self directed learning and use of resources

Listening

Presentation skills

Cooperation

Respect for colleagues views

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Example of Trigger Materials for PBL Scenarios

Paper based clinical scenarios

Experimental or clinical laboratory data

Photographs

Video clips

Newspaper articles

All or part of an article from a scientific journal

A real or simulated patient

A family tree showing an inherited disorder

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Group Etiquettes

Forming

Students are obedient, patient, soft spoken, shy and friendly

Each member has their own opinion

Storming After a few tutorials, students do not feel like strangers

They work hard to maintain stability in group by solving small

problems in group and evening out unfairness

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Norming

Small misunderstandings in group are solved and students start to

cooperate better

Members start to understand each other better and is able to

appreciate other members

Performing Group members work together as a productive team and able to

achieve their goals

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Strategies of Problem Based Learning :

Student centered

Problem-based

Integrated teaching

Community oriented (based)

Elective clinical exposure

Self directed learning

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6. Teacher Centered Learning and Students Centered Learning

Teacher Centered Learning Student Centered Learning

Reinforce Pasiveness Reinforce Activeness

Teachers provide answers Teachers ask questions

One oriented learning system Multi-oriented learning system

Individualist and competitiveCollaborative, supportive, and

comperative

Highly-lecture based Lowly lecture based

Tutor as an instructor Tutor as scaffholding

Short terms memory Long terms memory

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7. Learning Process and Evaluation Process in Andalas University

Learning processes :

Propaedeutics

Tutorial

Skills Lab Practicum

Plenary

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Evaluation processes :

Writing test

Skills lab test

Progress test

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8. Medical Terminology

Medical terminology consist of three element; prefix, root, and suffix.

Medical terminology can be found in medical dictionary.

Medical expert must know the meaning of the term in medical world.

The function of medical terminologies are :

To communicate with other medical experts To prevent miscommunication among other medical experts

To understand the term that frequently used in medical world