• Please put purses and

other materials under your desk

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THE MORMON EXPERIENCE

NAUVOO

Nauvoo

•On the Mississippi River, north of Quincy

•Originally called Commerce

Joseph Smith▫Founder of religion▫said he was visited by an angel

who told him of an ancient record containing God's dealings with the former inhabitants of the American continent.

▫In 1827, Joseph retrieved this record, inscribed on thin golden plates

▫began translating its manuscript, the Book of Mormon

•Built by Mormons in 1839•Led by Joseph Smith•Mormons had come from Missouri,

escaping persecution

Mormon Beliefs

•Founder of the Religion- Joseph Smith▫had a vision of angels as a young man

in New York State•American Indians were one of the lost

tribes of Israel•Jesus Christ had visited America•Mormons were a chosen people

Mormon Practices•Abstain from alcohol, tobacco, and

coffee•Give surplus wealth to church•Permitted to practice polygamy•Only those who joined their church

could go immediately to heaven

Mormons come to Illinois•Mormons settled in Northwest Missouri•Missourians were afraid of their anti-

slavery position and their growing political power

•Missouri militia expelled Mormons

•Illinois gave the Mormons refuge •Mormons settled in a swampy area

along the Mississippi and named it Nauvoo

•Built a city with brick homes, businesses and a temple.

•Farmland surrounded the city

•Nauvoo had complete home rule. •As their numbers grew, they could

hold political power by supporting one party or another and insure laws were passed favorable to themselves.

•The Nauvoo Army was second in size to the U.S. Army.

•Because of their power and beliefs nearby communities began to fear them.

•Accused of being a dictator, Joseph Smith was killed by an angry mob.

•After constant persecution, called the “Mormon War”, Brigham Young led the Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah.

OTHER COLONY SETTLEMENTS

English immigrants•Came to Illinois because they were

unhappy with economic conditions in England

•Wanted better job opportunities for members of the English working class.

•Established a colony in Southeastern Illinois near the Wabash river

German Settlers

•The German settlers were quiet, serious, able and hard working.

•They left Germany for economic, political and religious reasons.

•Earliest settlements were in St. Clair and Fayette counties

Swedish Immigrants•Wished to escape religious intolerance in

Sweden •Were led to Bishop Hill in Henry County

by their leader, Eric Jansen.•Because of lack of funds, many of the men

walked the distance from New York to Bishop Hill.

Communal Living •Women and children traveled by water •All the wealth of the community was

held in common. •The twelve hundred people ate in a

common dining hall and the men, women, boys and girls all worked the thousands of acres of farm land

•After their labor was done they all attended religious services.

•Jansen controlled the commune very strictly and was challenged and killed by a rival

•After his death, the colony flourished

•Produced broomcorn, linens, and farm equipment

•Colony dissolved in 1861 after economic panic, and members divided the land among themselves

Bulgarian Immigrants •Immigrated to the Granite City,

Madison, and Venice area, during the 1800’s

•Political, religious, and economic disorder in Bulgaria caused migration to US

•Most were peasants and laborers in growing industries on east side of Mississippi River

•Most of the immigrants were single males, who saved money and returned home

• Many stayed and built Bulgarian Orthodox church, the first in the United States

•3 Bulgarian language newspapers were founded

•At one time the largest Bulgarian community in the US

Pin Oak Colony•Started in 1818 by former Governor

Edward Coles•Located east of Edwardsville•Originally populated by 17 free blacks•By 1848 consisted of over 300 •Population increase due to

immigration, both free blacks and runaway slaves

THE IRON HORSE INVADES THE PRAIRIE

RAILROADS COME TO ILLINOIS

Railroad Building•Illinois was ideally suited for

railroad building•With its broad prairies and

slightly rolling hills, construction crews would have no serious obstacles to overcome

Railroad Building•State spent $10 million for

railroads, river improvements, and roads

•Railroad building was halted during the depression of 1837.

•After the depression what monies Illinois could find went into the Illinois-Michigan canal.

•During the 1850’s Illinois began to build a railroad network

Railroad Building

Federal Aid

•Congress owned vast areas of undeveloped land

•Congress, persuaded by Stephen A. Douglas, gave alternate sections of land free to Illinois.

Township 36 sections Each section = 1 sq. mile (640

acres)

Land Granted by US Govt.

•Railroad companies were then encouraged to buy remaining sections

•As the railroads grew, settlers flocked to Illinois.

Federal Aid

Federal Aid•Agriculture thrived, as farmers were

able to get new tools and machinery•They could send grain and livestock

directly to market.

•Chicago became the center of trade, commerce and manufacturing.

• In thirty-three years, from 1837 to 1870, Chicago grew from 4,000 people to 300,000.

Federal Aid

Railroads in the Civil War

•Before the building of the railroads, Illinois had dealt primarily with the South because of the proximity to the Mississippi River.

Railroads in the Civil War•The railroads made connections

more effectively with the North and the East and brought Illinois strong Union ties

EDUCATION IN ILLINOIS: IT STARTED WITH A HICKORY STICK

Subscription Schools•Parents paid a teacher in cash or

produce to teach their children during the winter months when they weren't needed to harvest.

•There were no teacher requirements

•Students had to find their own textbooks and supplies

•The hickory stick to teach discipline was an important learning tool

•Teachers moved often and schoolhouses were often abandoned

Emphasis on Public Instruction

•Many of the settlers from New England or the East who came to Chicago to seek their fortunes had been accustomed to public school systems.

•They lobbied to pressure the legislature into giving them public money

Teacher Requirements

•To be a certified teacher one must show ability and pass tests in: ▫Reading and writing▫Mathematics and geography▫Grammar and history

JOHN BALDWIN TURNER 

THE LAND GRANT COLLEGE IDEA

Land Grant Colleges

•The "land grant college idea" called for the federal government to give the states blocks of land

•the state could sell the land to pay for new universities to teach practical subjects such as agriculture and mechanics

Sponsor of the Land Grant College Idea

•Jonathan Baldwin Turner, a teacher at Illinois College in Jacksonville

•Advocated the creation of agricultural colleges

•He patented several farm machines

Morrill Act of 1862•Sponsored by

Senator Justin Morrill of Vermont

•Each state loyal to the union was given 30,000 acres of government land for each legislator sent to Washington in 1860.

Financing of the Land Grant College Idea•Illinois received 480,000 acres•The money from the land sold was

to be invested at 5% interest to provide a fund for the colleges whose main concerns would be agriculture and mechanical arts

Competition for the University Site•Logan, Champaign, McLean, and

Morgan Counties as well as Chicago submitted bids to become the home of the University

•To the surprise of many, Champaign County was chosen

•Chairman of the Committee to choose the University site was from Champaign County

The University Site•The cities of Champaign and

Urbana offered 1,000 acres of farm land which would be beneficial to an agricultural college

•There was already a suitable college building in existence between the two towns ▫College for ministers had been

built, before Civil War, but not completed

•110 male students attended Illinois industrial university in 1868

•The first women were enrolled in 1871

•Curriculum was expanded to include literature, fine arts and sciences

•Renamed the university of Illinois in 1885

Assignment 4.11. Who was Joseph Smith? 2. Whom do the Mormons think are the lost

tribes of Israel?3. Describe some of the beliefs and

practices of the Mormons. 4. Why were the Mormons "expelled" from

Missouri? 5. Nauvoo, the "City Beautiful," lasted only

six short years. Explain.

Assignment 4.21. Why did English immigrants come to

Illinois? 2. Describe the characteristics of the German

settlers. Why had they left their homeland? 3. How did the Swedish immigrants get to

Bishop Hill? Who was their leader and why did they leave Sweden?  

4. Describe communal living at Bishop Hill. 5. What eventually happened to the commune?

Assignment 4.31. Explain why Illinois was an ideal state

for railroad building.  2. Railroad building was begun and then

stood still for more than ten years. Why? 3. Who persuaded Congress to grant

federal lands for railroad construction? How were the grants given?

4. As new lines of railroad were built, what happened to Illinois?

5. How did the railroads affect Illinois in the Civil War?

4.4•1. Why did the early pioneers reject

formal schooling? •2. Explain subscription schools.  •3. What place did the hickory stick play in

education? •4. What put an emphasis on public

instruction in Chicago? •5. Explain the term teacher

requirements.

Assignment 4.51. Explain the term “land grant college

idea”? 2. Who was the leading spokesman for the

land grant college idea? 3. How was the number of acres each

state received calculated? 4. Explain the financing of the land grant

colleges5. How did Champaign County become the

university site?