Please go get your interactive notebook.

Laptops NOT needed today.

Look at this!

Lap top expectationsLap top expectationsIn class every dayOn desk when I ask you to be on it.

Otherwise, safely in bag on the floor.Cannot be on your desk unless we

are using it as a class.Use it at your desk and stay with the

class – no surfingCharging – before class starts, lap

tablesDon’t have it? Bookwork.

Distillation column at Distillation column at refineryrefinery

Purpose: to separate crude oil into different products based on length of hydrocarbon chains!

Valero refinery on the ship Valero refinery on the ship channel – what’s the channel – what’s the

tradeoff?tradeoff?

Why fossil fuels?Why fossil fuels?

Because fossil fuels contain Because fossil fuels contain hydrocarbons with lots of bondshydrocarbons with lots of bonds

What fuels are we using the What fuels are we using the most?most?Which are sustainable?Which are sustainable?

Houston is an energy city!Houston is an energy city!

Energy Corridor – international hub for companies

1/3 of all US oil and gas come through the Houston ship channel

45% of US oil is refined in Houston

OK, so how do we get it out OK, so how do we get it out of the ground?of the ground?

Interactive Notebook:Interactive Notebook:Conventional Oil production Jan 20

Finding the oilFinding the oil3D seismic imaging is like an 3D seismic imaging is like an ultrasoundultrasound

Drill to the oil, pump it outDrill to the oil, pump it outPrimary oil recovery: oil flows

into well because of gravity and pressure.

Spindletop – Beaumont Spindletop – Beaumont 19031903

Secondary recovery: hydrocarbons Secondary recovery: hydrocarbons must be forced out by water (or must be forced out by water (or gases like COgases like CO22) to maintain ) to maintain pressure in the systempressure in the system

Injection well Producti

on well

Horsehead pump

Tertiary recovery – a base Tertiary recovery – a base like soap is added to water like soap is added to water to move the last to move the last hydrocarbonshydrocarbons

Base added

Interactive NotebookInteractive NotebookFracking Jan 20

The current oil Boom!The current oil Boom!2005 – Fracking technology makes

more reserves economically viable2011 – current boom explodes with

frackingUS crude output expected to crest

around 9.5 million barrels per day in 2016, then begin to decline in 2020. (7.5 million barrels/day projected through 2040)

Quick check – put the Quick check – put the following steps in order!following steps in order!A. Shale rock fractures releasing

petrochemicalsB. Borehole drilled vertically past water tableC. Natural gas and petroleum rises through

well back to surface and is collected in tanks.D. Propants keep fractures open and gas

flowingE. Fracking fluids sent down well under

pressureF. Horizontal drilling through shale layer

Check it! B, F, E, A, D, C

Check for understanding!Check for understanding!How does the chemistry of fossil fuels

make them great sources of energy?What technology is used to find oil

underground?What is the difference between drilling

and pumping oil?What is the difference between primary,

secondary and tertiary oil production?Why does fracking use so much water?Which is done in H-town: oil production

or refining?

Quiz next class!Quiz next class!Objectives #1-10Study!