Playing with Words

Aesop: 伊索

Clothing store using this name 衣索

Chapter 5 Homework(Ex. # 10, pp. 226-227)

a. Mary agent

a ball theme in the house locationb. the children agent

from the playground source to the wading pool goal

c. one of the men agentall the doors themewith a paper clip instrument

d. John agent the ice theme with a blowtorch instrument

e. the sun causative the ice theme

Chapter 5 Homework(Ex. # 10, pp. 226-227)

Chapter 5 Homework(Ex. # 10, pp. 226-227)

f. the ice themeg. with a telescope instrument

the boy experiencer the man theme

h. the farmer agent hay theme onto the truck goal

i. the farmer agent the hay theme

with a pitchfork instrumentj. the hay theme

on the truck goalby the farmer agent

Chapter 5 Homework(Ex. # 10, pp. 226-227)

If the balloons popped, the sound wouldn’t be able to carry since everything would be too far away from the correct floor. A closed window would also prevent the sound from carrying, since most buildings tend to be well insulated. Since the whole operation depends on a steady flow of electricity, a break in the middle of the wire would also cause problems. Of course, the fellow could shout, but the human voice is not loud enough to carry that far. An additional problem is that a string could break on the instrument. Then there could be no accompaniment to the message. It is clear that the best situation would involve less distance. Then there would be fewer potential problems. With face to face contact, the least number of things could go wrong.

Bransford and Johnson, 1972, p. 719, quoted in Omaggio, 1986, pp. 103-104.

Pro-FormsPro-NP / Pronoun Jan saw the boy with the telescope.

Dan also saw him.

Pro-VP Emily hugged Cassidy and Zachary did too.

Pro-S I am sick, which depresses me.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 210.

A vs. The

I bought a new jacket.A jacket is red.

I bought a new jacket.The jacket is red.

A vs. The

My brothers arrived last night.

Today, one is meeting me for lunch,

the other is going to Kenting.

Today, one is meeting me for lunch,

another is going to Kenting.

Deriving Meaning from Linguistic Context

Previous sentences

Pronouns

Articles

Deriving Meaning from Situational Context

Maxims of Conversation

Speech Acts

Presuppositions

Deixis

Maxims of Conversation

1. Quantity Say neither more nor less than the discourse requires.

2. Relevance Be relevant.

3. Manner Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity.

4. Quality Do not lie; do not make unsupported claims.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, pp. 213-214.

Violating the Maxims of Conversation

1. Letter of Recommendation NOT saying ENOUGH2. Does Sally have a boyfriend? She goes to Taipei every weekend.3. Masticating alimentary sustenance thorou

ghly can promote enhanced cholesterol levels.

4. Who took my book? Bill. I heard someone say he came out…

Presuppositions

a. Have you stopped hugging your sheepdog?

b. Who bought the badminton set?

c. John doesn’t write poems anymore.

d. The present King of France is bald.

e. Would you like another beer?

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 216.

Chapter 5 Homework(Ex. # 17, pp. 228-229)

a. Please take me out to the ball game again. I have been to a ball game before.

b. Valerie regretted not receiving a new T-bird for Labor Day.

Valerie did not get a new T-bird. (At least not for Labor Day.)

c. That her pet turtle ran away made Emily very sad.

Emily’s pet turtle ran away.

Chapter 5 Homework(Ex. # 17, pp. 228-229)

d. The administration forgot that the professors support the students. The professors support the students.

Vs. The administration believes that the professors support the students. They believe it, but it may not be true.

e. It is an atrocity that the World Trade Center was attacked on September 11, 2001. The WTC was attacked. The attack occurred September 11, 2001.

Chapter 5 Homework(Ex. # 17, pp. 228-229)

f. Isn’t it an atrocity that the World Trade Center was attacked on September 11, 2001? The WTC was attacked. The attack occurred September 11, 2001.

g. Disa wants more popcorn. Disa has already had some popcorn.

h. Why don’t pigs have wings?Pigs do not have wings.

i. Who discovered Pluto in 1930? Someone discovered Pluto. It was discovered in 1930.

Chapter 5 Homework(Ex. # 17, pp. 228-229)

Deixis

First and Second person pronouns

Free Third person pronouns

Demonstratives (Pronouns and NPs)

Time deixis

Place deixisFromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, pp. 218-219.