Play the Italian WayPlay the Italian Way

Giuseppe Emma Giuseppe Emma UEFA B Preparatory Course UEFA B Preparatory Course

CoachCoach

Origins of the gameOrigins of the game Before the introduction of the offside rule, the Italian game Before the introduction of the offside rule, the Italian game

(1934 squad showed below) was tactically similar to all the (1934 squad showed below) was tactically similar to all the others. others.

But it is possible to notice the flairness of the players from But it is possible to notice the flairness of the players from 1934 and 1938 success. 1934 and 1938 success.

Players like Silvio Piola and Giuseppe Meazza (photo below) Players like Silvio Piola and Giuseppe Meazza (photo below) showed that type of flairness. showed that type of flairness.

1960s the making of “Catenaccio”1960s the making of “Catenaccio”

In contrast to the Brazilian style of play, In contrast to the Brazilian style of play, the Italian style catenaccio resulted in the the Italian style catenaccio resulted in the typical counter style football. typical counter style football.

They used a libero who played constantly They used a libero who played constantly behind the 4-man defensive line. They behind the 4-man defensive line. They played man-to-man marking in the played man-to-man marking in the midfield and the defensive line and that midfield and the defensive line and that made it look like couples-football. made it look like couples-football.

Partly due to the outstanding individual Partly due to the outstanding individual players at Inter Milan, Herrera achieved a players at Inter Milan, Herrera achieved a lot of success in the sixties with this style lot of success in the sixties with this style of playof play

CatenaccioCatenaccio

Outcomes of CatenaccioOutcomes of Catenaccio The catenaccio style was the proof that The catenaccio style was the proof that

success is always possible if you are able success is always possible if you are able to link the individual qualities within the to link the individual qualities within the team to team tactical guidelines team to team tactical guidelines

However, in the 1970 Mexican World Cup, However, in the 1970 Mexican World Cup, Italy failed to win the cup, as Brazilian Italy failed to win the cup, as Brazilian style proved to be clearly better than the style proved to be clearly better than the Italian style Italian style

Since then, few countries followed the Since then, few countries followed the Italian style. By contrast, very few got to Italian style. By contrast, very few got to equalize Brazil’s success and style of equalize Brazil’s success and style of game. game.

Analysis of the catenaccioAnalysis of the catenaccio First of all, the catenaccio style is much easier to First of all, the catenaccio style is much easier to

be played and developed than any other style. be played and developed than any other style. Why is that? Because it is much harder to Why is that? Because it is much harder to develop an attacking style. develop an attacking style.

Counter style football uses a more wait-and-see Counter style football uses a more wait-and-see approach and is more reactive. approach and is more reactive.

This style is easier to carry out in respect to This style is easier to carry out in respect to individual tactical and team tactical aspects; in individual tactical and team tactical aspects; in other words it is easier to play. It is less other words it is easier to play. It is less vulnerable, and because of that, also more vulnerable, and because of that, also more successful. An attacking style of play requires successful. An attacking style of play requires players who grew up playing this style of football players who grew up playing this style of football as youth players. This is not necessary when as youth players. This is not necessary when playing counter style footballplaying counter style football

Origins of the Catenaccio styleOrigins of the Catenaccio style Catenaccio Style FootballCatenaccio Style Football Catenaccio soccer philosophy: if the opponents cannot score a Catenaccio soccer philosophy: if the opponents cannot score a

goal, they cannot win the matchgoal, they cannot win the match Catenaccio is a defense-oriented strategy first introduced by Catenaccio is a defense-oriented strategy first introduced by

Austrian coach Karl Rappan in the 1930s. It became popular Austrian coach Karl Rappan in the 1930s. It became popular during the 1960s when Argentinea coach Helenio Herrera used it during the 1960s when Argentinea coach Helenio Herrera used it to lead Serie A club Inter Milano to several championships.to lead Serie A club Inter Milano to several championships.

The success of Inter Milano under Herrera encouraged many The success of Inter Milano under Herrera encouraged many Italian teams to adopt catenaccio style soccer. This same strategy Italian teams to adopt catenaccio style soccer. This same strategy was utilized by the Italian national team when Herrera was was utilized by the Italian national team when Herrera was appointed its manager.appointed its manager.

Because of its popularity in Italy, catenaccio calcio became almost Because of its popularity in Italy, catenaccio calcio became almost synonymous with Italian football in the 1960s.synonymous with Italian football in the 1960s.

But in the 1980s catenaccio began to decline as it proved to be But in the 1980s catenaccio began to decline as it proved to be ineffective against attack-oriented strategies such as total ineffective against attack-oriented strategies such as total football. Yet there remain teams today that still used the old football. Yet there remain teams today that still used the old soccer style that once dominated Europe.soccer style that once dominated Europe.

How does catenaccio calcio work?How does catenaccio calcio work? Catenaccio calcio literally translates as “door bolt football.” It is a Catenaccio calcio literally translates as “door bolt football.” It is a

football strategy that employs a very tight man-marking defense, football strategy that employs a very tight man-marking defense, with players staying deep in their own half to prevent any offense with players staying deep in their own half to prevent any offense by the opponents.by the opponents.

Catenaccio defense seems to block any passage towards the goal, Catenaccio defense seems to block any passage towards the goal, and so the name “door bolt” soccer. The most significant and so the name “door bolt” soccer. The most significant innovation of catenaccio is an additional defensive player called innovation of catenaccio is an additional defensive player called the libero or sweeper.the libero or sweeper.

The libero is an Italian word which means “free”. Most often, he The libero is an Italian word which means “free”. Most often, he freely roams in front of the goal to prevent any penetration by the freely roams in front of the goal to prevent any penetration by the opponents. The sweeper or libero also performs a number of other opponents. The sweeper or libero also performs a number of other defensive tasks for the team.defensive tasks for the team.

The sweeper covers an opponent who manages to break the two The sweeper covers an opponent who manages to break the two lines of defense. He is also tasked to control loose balls and lines of defense. He is also tasked to control loose balls and double-mark an opponent when necessary. If the opposing team double-mark an opponent when necessary. If the opposing team has a talented striker, the sweeper may be assigned to man-mark has a talented striker, the sweeper may be assigned to man-mark him.him.

With the libero to provide an additional line of defense, the other With the libero to provide an additional line of defense, the other defenders and midfielders perform other assignments to prevent defenders and midfielders perform other assignments to prevent the opponents from scoring.the opponents from scoring.

How does catenaccio works?How does catenaccio works? The midfield and the defensive back keep the ball from The midfield and the defensive back keep the ball from

getting near the goal. Their primary objectives are to getting near the goal. Their primary objectives are to disrupt any offensive flow, put pressure on the attackers, disrupt any offensive flow, put pressure on the attackers, and deny the best offensive players from getting the ball.and deny the best offensive players from getting the ball.

While teams utilizing catenaccio focus primarily on defense, While teams utilizing catenaccio focus primarily on defense, it does not mean that they are not dangerous offensively. it does not mean that they are not dangerous offensively. The catenaccio tactic can easily be used for counterattack, The catenaccio tactic can easily be used for counterattack, which may leave the offensive team with no time to react which may leave the offensive team with no time to react to the quick play switch of catenaccio calcio.to the quick play switch of catenaccio calcio.

Fouling and conceding free kicks is alright in catenaccio, as Fouling and conceding free kicks is alright in catenaccio, as long as they are far from the goal and they do not lead to long as they are far from the goal and they do not lead to bookings. Since this tactic employs additional rank, the bookings. Since this tactic employs additional rank, the catenaccio formation is often 1-3-3-3, 1-4-4-1, or 1-4-3-2.catenaccio formation is often 1-3-3-3, 1-4-4-1, or 1-4-3-2.

How does catenaccio works?How does catenaccio works? Catenaccio was first introduced by Austrian football coach Catenaccio was first introduced by Austrian football coach

Karl Rappan in the 1930s. As a coach for Karl Rappan in the 1930s. As a coach for Swiss Swiss footballfootball club Servette in 1932, Rappan first introduce the club Servette in 1932, Rappan first introduce the libero then known as “verrou” which means “lock” in libero then known as “verrou” which means “lock” in French.French.

Rappan also became the manager of Switzerland’s national Rappan also became the manager of Switzerland’s national team, which he led to successful international matches team, which he led to successful international matches against powerhouses like Germany and England.against powerhouses like Germany and England.

Catenaccio football, however, is closely associated with Catenaccio football, however, is closely associated with Italy since it was the Italians who played it extensively. In Italy since it was the Italians who played it extensively. In 1947, Italian coach Nereo Rocco used catenaccio calcio to 1947, Italian coach Nereo Rocco used catenaccio calcio to make Triestina finish second place in Serie A, the make Triestina finish second place in Serie A, the Italian Italian football leaguefootball league..

WeaknessesWeaknesses

Although catenaccio was extensively used in the 1960s and 1970s Although catenaccio was extensively used in the 1960s and 1970s by the by the Italian national football teamItalian national football team, it is nearly obsolete at , it is nearly obsolete at present. Teams need to adopt more offensive strategies in order present. Teams need to adopt more offensive strategies in order to advance in football competitions since wins are now given to advance in football competitions since wins are now given bigger points. Before, teams were rewarded 2 points for a win, 1 bigger points. Before, teams were rewarded 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, and 0 for a loss. The same points are awarded point for a draw, and 0 for a loss. The same points are awarded today for loss and draw, but a win is already awarded with 3 today for loss and draw, but a win is already awarded with 3 points to encourage teams to true spirit of football—lively and points to encourage teams to true spirit of football—lively and attacking.attacking.

Catenaccio calcio is a poorly balanced playing style since it Catenaccio calcio is a poorly balanced playing style since it focuses too much on defense. It is not practical for stronger teams focuses too much on defense. It is not practical for stronger teams to play catenaccio since it nullifies their offensive force.to play catenaccio since it nullifies their offensive force.

Catennacio football requires players to man-mark. This can easily Catennacio football requires players to man-mark. This can easily lead to confusion when playing against a team whose players lead to confusion when playing against a team whose players regularly switch positions, as in total soccer.regularly switch positions, as in total soccer.

Since teams prioritize defense when playing catenaccio soccer, Since teams prioritize defense when playing catenaccio soccer, they will have to adopt a retreat game style. This can make teams they will have to adopt a retreat game style. This can make teams unpopular and will subject them to criticism for using an unpopular and will subject them to criticism for using an anti anti football strategyfootball strategy..

StrengthsStrengths StrengthsStrengths Catenaccio is an effective Catenaccio is an effective defensive football strategydefensive football strategy. The double line of . The double line of

defense prevents opponents from getting the ball near the goal. In case defense prevents opponents from getting the ball near the goal. In case these two ranks are broken, the libero and goalkeeper will still be there to these two ranks are broken, the libero and goalkeeper will still be there to protect the goal.protect the goal.

The libero is useful if the opposing team has a brilliant striker. By closely The libero is useful if the opposing team has a brilliant striker. By closely marking the striker, the libero weakens him as it would require him extra marking the striker, the libero weakens him as it would require him extra effort to get the ball. Having a man that marks the striker also means that effort to get the ball. Having a man that marks the striker also means that he will never be left open to use his offensive skills to score.he will never be left open to use his offensive skills to score.

Catenaccio is an excellent formation for counterattacking. By creating Catenaccio is an excellent formation for counterattacking. By creating strong defensive walls, the opponents will be forced to add more players to strong defensive walls, the opponents will be forced to add more players to their offense. This weakens their defense and creates a chance for the their offense. This weakens their defense and creates a chance for the catenaccio formation to make a long pass to its forwards.catenaccio formation to make a long pass to its forwards.

Catenaccio relies primarily on collective hard work and not on individual Catenaccio relies primarily on collective hard work and not on individual skills. Therefore, it is an effective strategy for weaker teams. It is also skills. Therefore, it is an effective strategy for weaker teams. It is also effective for teams who become undermanned after a effective for teams who become undermanned after a red cardred card..

Emphasis on a defensive style of play greatly improves the defense of Emphasis on a defensive style of play greatly improves the defense of players. Some of the players. Some of the best soccer defendersbest soccer defenders are product of catenaccio are product of catenaccio calcio. They are Claudio Gentile, Gaetano Scirea, Paolo Maldini, and calcio. They are Claudio Gentile, Gaetano Scirea, Paolo Maldini, and Alessandro Costacurta. Alessandro Costacurta.

Catenaccio in the pastCatenaccio in the past Catenaccio was first introduced by Austrian football coach Catenaccio was first introduced by Austrian football coach

Karl Rappan in the 1930s. As a coach for Karl Rappan in the 1930s. As a coach for Swiss Swiss footballfootball club Servette in 1932, Rappan first introduce the club Servette in 1932, Rappan first introduce the libero then known as “verrou” which means “lock” in libero then known as “verrou” which means “lock” in French.French.

Rappan also became the manager of Switzerland’s national Rappan also became the manager of Switzerland’s national team, which he led to successful international matches team, which he led to successful international matches against powerhouses like Germany and England.against powerhouses like Germany and England.

Catenaccio football, however, is closely associated with Catenaccio football, however, is closely associated with Italy since it was the Italians who played it extensively. In Italy since it was the Italians who played it extensively. In 1947, Italian coach Nereo Rocco used catenaccio calcio to 1947, Italian coach Nereo Rocco used catenaccio calcio to make Triestina finish second place in Serie A, the make Triestina finish second place in Serie A, the Italian Italian football leaguefootball league..

Catenaccio in the pastCatenaccio in the past In the 1960s, catenaccio soccer was utilized by Helenio Herrera who In the 1960s, catenaccio soccer was utilized by Helenio Herrera who

brought Internazionale Milano to 3 Serie A Championship titles and 2 brought Internazionale Milano to 3 Serie A Championship titles and 2 European Championship Cups. In 1969, Herrera moved to AS Roma where European Championship Cups. In 1969, Herrera moved to AS Roma where he won the Italian Cup using the same defensive soccer strategy.he won the Italian Cup using the same defensive soccer strategy.

Herrera was famous for using catenaccio calcio to win 1-0 matches. The Herrera was famous for using catenaccio calcio to win 1-0 matches. The basic elements to Herrera’s strategy were tight defense and rapid basic elements to Herrera’s strategy were tight defense and rapid counterattacks.counterattacks.

But in 1970, catenaccio-style soccer began to decline because of more But in 1970, catenaccio-style soccer began to decline because of more innovative and more offensive strategies. In 1972, Herrera’s Inter was innovative and more offensive strategies. In 1972, Herrera’s Inter was defeated 2-0 in the European Cup finals by Ajax, with its defeated 2-0 in the European Cup finals by Ajax, with its total football strategytotal football strategy..

The following year, Nereo Rocco’s AC Milan reached the European Super The following year, Nereo Rocco’s AC Milan reached the European Super Cup finals only to be hammered by Ajax 6-0. These two major defeats of Cup finals only to be hammered by Ajax 6-0. These two major defeats of Inter and AC Milan signaled the need for a change in catenaccio-style Inter and AC Milan signaled the need for a change in catenaccio-style soccer. Italians began revising their strategies in favor of more offensive soccer. Italians began revising their strategies in favor of more offensive play without having to give up their strong defense and rapid play without having to give up their strong defense and rapid counterattacks.counterattacks.

Catenaccio in the pastCatenaccio in the past

By 1982, the Italian national team has By 1982, the Italian national team has come up with a semi-zonal system, which come up with a semi-zonal system, which they used to win over Germany in they used to win over Germany in the the 1982 World Cup1982 World Cup Finals by 3 goals to Finals by 3 goals to 1.1.

It became apparent in that tournament It became apparent in that tournament that Italy was starting to evolve from a that Italy was starting to evolve from a highly defensive system in favor of highly defensive system in favor of more more attack-oriented football attack-oriented football strategiesstrategies..

Catenaccio at presentCatenaccio at present Catenaccio at presentCatenaccio at present

Catenaccio is rarely used today after it diminished Catenaccio is rarely used today after it diminished in the 1980s. However, hyper-defensive styles in the 1980s. However, hyper-defensive styles similar to catenaccio are still used at present.similar to catenaccio are still used at present.

In the In the 2004 European Football 2004 European Football ChampionshipChampionship, underdog Greece used a , underdog Greece used a defense-oriented football to triumph over defense-oriented football to triumph over Portugal in the final. The Portugal in the final. The Greek football squadGreek football squad’s ’s style of play reminded many of the catenaccio style of play reminded many of the catenaccio tactic Italy used to be famous for.tactic Italy used to be famous for.

Catenaccio at presentCatenaccio at present In that game, the In that game, the Portuguese soccer Portuguese soccer

teamteam kept possession most of the time but were kept possession most of the time but were unable to score because of the tight Greek unable to score because of the tight Greek defense. Greece played defense patiently until defense. Greece played defense patiently until they had the chance to score. they had the chance to score.

In the 57th minute, Greece stole the ball and In the 57th minute, Greece stole the ball and Angelos Charisteas dribbled all the way to the top Angelos Charisteas dribbled all the way to the top of Portugal's goal to score with a blaster. Greece’s of Portugal's goal to score with a blaster. Greece’s defense prevented Portugal from scoring and won defense prevented Portugal from scoring and won the match 1-0.the match 1-0.

One football manager closely associated with One football manager closely associated with catenaccio calcio is Jose Mourinho, who coached catenaccio calcio is Jose Mourinho, who coached F.C. Internazionale Milano from 2008 to 2010.F.C. Internazionale Milano from 2008 to 2010.

Catenaccio at presentCatenaccio at present In April 2010, when Inter Milan beat Barcelona in In April 2010, when Inter Milan beat Barcelona in

the the European Champions LeagueEuropean Champions League semis, the club semis, the club used a defensive strategy similar to the used a defensive strategy similar to the catenaccio played by Herrera and Rocco in Italy in catenaccio played by Herrera and Rocco in Italy in the 1950s and 1960s.the 1950s and 1960s.

Inter Milan defended tightly and often doubled Inter Milan defended tightly and often doubled the man with the ball. Inter Milan also played the man with the ball. Inter Milan also played tough defense against Barca’s strikers, such as tough defense against Barca’s strikers, such as Lionel Messi.Lionel Messi.

Mourinho’s catenaccio, however, required players Mourinho’s catenaccio, however, required players to play further up the field, unlike the traditional to play further up the field, unlike the traditional catenaccio where players stayed deep in their catenaccio where players stayed deep in their own pitch.own pitch.

Catenaccio at presentCatenaccio at present

Today, most of the clubs noted for the Today, most of the clubs noted for the catenaccio style of play are Italian. The list catenaccio style of play are Italian. The list includes Roma, with its strong four-man includes Roma, with its strong four-man defense at the back and the Italian defense at the back and the Italian national team itself, for its 4-3-3 formation national team itself, for its 4-3-3 formation which sometimes work as the classic which sometimes work as the classic catenaccio formation of 1-3-3-3. catenaccio formation of 1-3-3-3.

Also, England National Team at Euro 2012 Also, England National Team at Euro 2012 played catenaccio, especially against played catenaccio, especially against France.France.

Soccer drills to develop catenaccioSoccer drills to develop catenaccio

Principles to remember. Any defensive drill Principles to remember. Any defensive drill may work for the development of may work for the development of catenaccio. catenaccio.

Therefore, by following the enlisted key Therefore, by following the enlisted key coaching points, you may develop your coaching points, you may develop your catenaccio. catenaccio.

However, coaches must remember the However, coaches must remember the libero in front of defence and man-libero in front of defence and man-marking or semi-man marking style. marking or semi-man marking style.

Soccer drills to develop catenaccioSoccer drills to develop catenaccio

The Italian national team has grown up on the The Italian national team has grown up on the defensive system called defensive system called CatenaccioCatenaccio - in which the - in which the teams strangle the game then unleash long teams strangle the game then unleash long counter-attacking balls. The team's ability to counter-attacking balls. The team's ability to defend deep is a useful skill for youth soccer defend deep is a useful skill for youth soccer (football). Use this soccer drill to teach your (football). Use this soccer drill to teach your players these tips and tactics.players these tips and tactics.

Defending deep is an art and can help youngsters Defending deep is an art and can help youngsters play as it creates a good platform for turning play as it creates a good platform for turning defence into attack. The trick is to force the defence into attack. The trick is to force the opposition to play square or backward passes in opposition to play square or backward passes in front of you because as a team your defence has front of you because as a team your defence has no gaps.no gaps.

Soccer drills to develop catenaccioSoccer drills to develop catenaccio

Session title: DEFENDING WITH THE CATENACCIO STYLE.Session title: DEFENDING WITH THE CATENACCIO STYLE. OrganizationOrganization The opposition is forced into passing the ball into situations where The opposition is forced into passing the ball into situations where

your defenders are favorite to win the ball. Once won, they can your defenders are favorite to win the ball. Once won, they can counter with quick passing and good support.counter with quick passing and good support.

DetailsDetails This soccer drill deals with defenders and the use of space in front This soccer drill deals with defenders and the use of space in front

of goal. The tip is to look out for:of goal. The tip is to look out for: Coaching PointsCoaching Points Gaps between defenders. Gaps between defenders. Opportunities to intercept and play forward quickly. Opportunities to intercept and play forward quickly. Slow reactions when the ball is won.Slow reactions when the ball is won. The first purpose of this tactic is to prevent a goal being The first purpose of this tactic is to prevent a goal being

scored, the second to try and counter attack.scored, the second to try and counter attack. If a counter attack is not on, tell your players they must If a counter attack is not on, tell your players they must

keep keep possessionpossession and try to build up more slowly. and try to build up more slowly. Here's how to play the soccer drill:Here's how to play the soccer drill:

DiagramDiagram

Set upSet up In an area approx 40m x 10m, the players start as in the In an area approx 40m x 10m, the players start as in the

diagram. There is a 3v3 possession game in the grid at one end. diagram. There is a 3v3 possession game in the grid at one end. In the diagram the white team has won the ball so they play into In the diagram the white team has won the ball so they play into the next grid where there is one player from each team, the the next grid where there is one player from each team, the object is to move the ball forward as soon as possible.object is to move the ball forward as soon as possible.

Two players from each team can move with the ball to advance Two players from each team can move with the ball to advance the 3v3 situation through each section of the grid. The players the 3v3 situation through each section of the grid. The players should try and play the ball quickly forward to the striker in the should try and play the ball quickly forward to the striker in the last last sectorsector. Again, up to two players from each team can follow . Again, up to two players from each team can follow the pass. the pass. The object is to run the ball into the shaded end The object is to run the ball into the shaded end zone.zone.

The quicker the ball is moved, the fewer players there are in each The quicker the ball is moved, the fewer players there are in each sector and therefore the greater the chance to take advantage of sector and therefore the greater the chance to take advantage of a break out from a defensive situation.a break out from a defensive situation.

Reverse the drillReverse the drill once the ball reaches the shaded end zone. once the ball reaches the shaded end zone.

http://www.bettersoccercoaching.com/Article-669-47-Defense-Soccer-drill-for-defending-deep#http://www.bettersoccercoaching.com/Article-669-47-Defense-Soccer-drill-for-defending-deep#

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style The 1980s European football became quite popular for the The 1980s European football became quite popular for the

game played by Ac Milan from 1987 to 1993. game played by Ac Milan from 1987 to 1993. Sacchi brought an evolution to the defensive style of the Sacchi brought an evolution to the defensive style of the

Italian game. As a result, he made it more offensive Italian game. As a result, he made it more offensive

without excessively going deep in its build.without excessively going deep in its build.

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style Sacchi’s team (Ac Milan) was renowned for its Sacchi’s team (Ac Milan) was renowned for its

balance, organisation and intense pressing tactics balance, organisation and intense pressing tactics deployed to delay or disrupt opposition deployed to delay or disrupt opposition possession as well as regaining the ball. possession as well as regaining the ball.

At the base of the team, there was a back four At the base of the team, there was a back four who played as a sliding arc, only ever flat when who played as a sliding arc, only ever flat when the opposition’s possession was central. the opposition’s possession was central.

Sacchi drilled this into his defenders relentlessly. Sacchi drilled this into his defenders relentlessly. Paolo Malidini commented “each player was as Paolo Malidini commented “each player was as important defensively as he was in attack, it was important defensively as he was in attack, it was a side in which players and not positions were a side in which players and not positions were key.”key.”

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style

Zone play can be defined as mainly Zone play can be defined as mainly defensive tactics aiming at regaining defensive tactics aiming at regaining possession of the ball; in this context the possession of the ball; in this context the opposing player with the ball must have opposing player with the ball must have the impression that he is playing against the impression that he is playing against 11 players. 11 players.

In relation to the position of the player In relation to the position of the player with the ball of the ball itself, each single with the ball of the ball itself, each single player must cover a certain space (zone) player must cover a certain space (zone) through zone-marking (a kind of man-through zone-marking (a kind of man-marking, but not systematically performed marking, but not systematically performed on the same player)on the same player)

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style A key part of his practice was the shadow play A key part of his practice was the shadow play

drills he ran his team through, seen as drills he ran his team through, seen as revolutionary in continental Europe at the time. revolutionary in continental Europe at the time.

Defensively, Sacchi would line his team up Defensively, Sacchi would line his team up without opposition, place flags on the pitch to without opposition, place flags on the pitch to represent the ball and have his players organise represent the ball and have his players organise into their defensive shape to defend each flag as into their defensive shape to defend each flag as if it were a player in possession. if it were a player in possession.

He would then simulate a ball moving around the He would then simulate a ball moving around the pitch with his voice and actions, requiring the pitch with his voice and actions, requiring the players to move accordingly where he would players to move accordingly where he would correct positioning in the process.correct positioning in the process.

Example of pattern play to coach team shape Example of pattern play to coach team shape (team defending black flag):(team defending black flag):

Example of team compactness Example of team compactness during defending phase:during defending phase:

Arrigo Sacchi's 4-4-2: High Pressure, Attacking Arrigo Sacchi's 4-4-2: High Pressure, Attacking Tactic for Top Teams and UnderdogsTactic for Top Teams and Underdogs

Sacchi’s philosophySacchi’s philosophy

So this tactic is based on the philosophy So this tactic is based on the philosophy behind Arrigo Sacchi's 4-4-2 approach. behind Arrigo Sacchi's 4-4-2 approach.

Sacchi played with high intensity and a Sacchi played with high intensity and a high defensive line. This enabled him to high defensive line. This enabled him to squeeze the play in the middle of park, squeeze the play in the middle of park, and ensured that the distance between his and ensured that the distance between his defensive and forward lines was never defensive and forward lines was never more than 25 metres. more than 25 metres.

Sacchi’s philosophySacchi’s philosophy

Essentially, this constituted naturally Essentially, this constituted naturally occurring pressing, perhaps one of the occurring pressing, perhaps one of the first in football with such velocity. Sacchi first in football with such velocity. Sacchi reasoned that by squeezing the pitch, in reasoned that by squeezing the pitch, in order for his opponent to get through his order for his opponent to get through his side, they'd need to break down three side, they'd need to break down three lines of players in quick succession. Not lines of players in quick succession. Not many managed it. Attacking-wise, there many managed it. Attacking-wise, there was no one strict way to break down the was no one strict way to break down the opposition. opposition.

Sacchi’s philosophySacchi’s philosophy

Chances were created through build-Chances were created through build-up/passing play through the middle, up/passing play through the middle, crosses from wide and counter-crosses from wide and counter-attacks. Sacchi was a proponent of attacks. Sacchi was a proponent of multi-purpose players. Not fond of multi-purpose players. Not fond of the specialist, he looked for all of his the specialist, he looked for all of his players to be capable of every job on players to be capable of every job on the field, which is why his the field, which is why his interchanging 4-4-2 worked so well. interchanging 4-4-2 worked so well.

Sacchi’s philosophySacchi’s philosophy

The midfielders were well-rounded and The midfielders were well-rounded and functional in every area, his forwards functional in every area, his forwards chased and his defenders pushed up. chased and his defenders pushed up. Teamwork was what his side were Teamwork was what his side were predicated on, and it was teamwork that predicated on, and it was teamwork that allowed them to become one of the allowed them to become one of the greatest sides in footballing history. greatest sides in footballing history.

For more information on Arrigo Sacchi and For more information on Arrigo Sacchi and the basis of this tactic, this is a good the basis of this tactic, this is a good read: read: ArrigoArrigo Sacchi'sSacchi's Method - The Football Coach Method - The Football Coach

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style The pressing tactics used, were it always to regain The pressing tactics used, were it always to regain

possession of the ball. possession of the ball. Sacchi would use methods of ‘partial pressing’ where Sacchi would use methods of ‘partial pressing’ where

players would concentrate more on jockeying rather than players would concentrate more on jockeying rather than winning possession. That would bring opponents to make winning possession. That would bring opponents to make mistakes. And therefore, to lose possession.mistakes. And therefore, to lose possession.

In other situations, he would instruct his team to carry out In other situations, he would instruct his team to carry out ‘total pressing’ where regaining the ball became the priority ‘total pressing’ where regaining the ball became the priority and on other occasions he would instruct the players to and on other occasions he would instruct the players to utilize ‘fake pressing’ where the team made pressing utilize ‘fake pressing’ where the team made pressing movements but of a lower intensity designed to allow the movements but of a lower intensity designed to allow the players to recuperate. players to recuperate.

““Pressing is not about running and it’s not about working Pressing is not about running and it’s not about working hard, it’s about controlling space” he said. “Pressing was hard, it’s about controlling space” he said. “Pressing was always collective, I wanted all eleven players in an active always collective, I wanted all eleven players in an active position, effecting and influencing the opposition when we position, effecting and influencing the opposition when we did not have the ball.”did not have the ball.”

Example of Sacchi’s pressingExample of Sacchi’s pressing

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Example of Sacchi’s pressingExample of Sacchi’s pressing As we can see, players formation is divided in As we can see, players formation is divided in

three zones, three zones, Zone 1/ where defenders are (4-3-2-5) Zone 1/ where defenders are (4-3-2-5) Zone 2/ where midfielders are (7-10-8-6) Zone 2/ where midfielders are (7-10-8-6) Zone 3/ where attackers are (11-9) Zone 3/ where attackers are (11-9) The aim is not to win the ball as quick as possible The aim is not to win the ball as quick as possible

but to control the space of the pitch. Especially in but to control the space of the pitch. Especially in your own half. By doing so, you will force your your own half. By doing so, you will force your opponents to move the ball around. And if you opponents to move the ball around. And if you control the space, they will be vulnerable. So, control the space, they will be vulnerable. So, soon or later they will lose possession. soon or later they will lose possession.

Compactness and being strict by both zones is Compactness and being strict by both zones is mandatory for this system to work out. mandatory for this system to work out.

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style Sacchi’s team were compact, moved as a unit Sacchi’s team were compact, moved as a unit

and were well drilled. and were well drilled. He ensured that the distance between defence He ensured that the distance between defence

and forwards was never more than 25 meters, and forwards was never more than 25 meters, essentially with the compactness and arcs in the essentially with the compactness and arcs in the two banks of four, a natural pressing team shape two banks of four, a natural pressing team shape occurred. occurred.

““In the defensive phase, all players had four In the defensive phase, all players had four reference points; the ball, the space, the reference points; the ball, the space, the opponent and team-mates. opponent and team-mates.

Every movement had to be a function of those Every movement had to be a function of those four reference points. four reference points.

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style As showing in the following picture figure 1 in the next page, the field has As showing in the following picture figure 1 in the next page, the field has

been divided into four zones, called A,B,C, and D; zones B and C are been divided into four zones, called A,B,C, and D; zones B and C are narrower than A and D because, as they are in the middle, they are a narrower than A and D because, as they are in the middle, they are a major source of danger. This division is necessary from a teaching point of major source of danger. This division is necessary from a teaching point of view and has been made to show in which zones the four backs and the view and has been made to show in which zones the four backs and the four midfielders can move. four midfielders can move.

There are no fixed rules for the forwards; nevertheless they have zones of There are no fixed rules for the forwards; nevertheless they have zones of responsibility when defending, according to the same principle used for the responsibility when defending, according to the same principle used for the backs and the midfielders. backs and the midfielders.

To zone-cover, each player must cover his space (his zone) and, if needed To zone-cover, each player must cover his space (his zone) and, if needed one of the adjoining zones. So, the Left Side Back and the Left Side one of the adjoining zones. So, the Left Side Back and the Left Side Midfielder must cover zone “A” and, if needed, zone “B”. The Right Side Midfielder must cover zone “A” and, if needed, zone “B”. The Right Side Back and the Right Side Midfielder must take care of zone “D” and, in case Back and the Right Side Midfielder must take care of zone “D” and, in case of necessity, of zone “C”, while the Left Central Back and the Left Central of necessity, of zone “C”, while the Left Central Back and the Left Central Midfielder must take care of zone “B” and if needed, of zones “C” and “A”. Midfielder must take care of zone “B” and if needed, of zones “C” and “A”.

Finally, the Right Central Back and the Right Central Midfielder must cover Finally, the Right Central Back and the Right Central Midfielder must cover zone “C” and, in case of necessity, zones “B” and “D”. The two forwards, zone “C” and, in case of necessity, zones “B” and “D”. The two forwards, number 11 and 9, could cover the central zones, that is zone “B” and zone number 11 and 9, could cover the central zones, that is zone “B” and zone “C”, so as to push the opponents to start the action on the sides, where it “C”, so as to push the opponents to start the action on the sides, where it is less difficult to press and double-mark. is less difficult to press and double-mark.

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style Each player had to decide which of the four will Each player had to decide which of the four will

determine his movement.” He added, “The key determine his movement.” He added, “The key was the short team. I used to tell my players if was the short team. I used to tell my players if we played with the distance of 25 metres from we played with the distance of 25 metres from last defender to forward, given our ability nobody last defender to forward, given our ability nobody would beat us.”would beat us.”

The aggressive offside trap meant it was hard for The aggressive offside trap meant it was hard for teams to exploit space behind and three compact teams to exploit space behind and three compact units in defence meant playing through the team units in defence meant playing through the team was extremely difficult. “This allowed us not to was extremely difficult. “This allowed us not to spend too much energy, to get to the ball first spend too much energy, to get to the ball first and not to get too tired.”and not to get too tired.”

Example of the aggressive offside Example of the aggressive offside traptrap

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Example of the aggressive offside Example of the aggressive offside traptrap

Looking at the defensive line (2-3-4-5) we may Looking at the defensive line (2-3-4-5) we may see, the line has reached the middle of the pitch see, the line has reached the middle of the pitch to force strikers to be in their own half. This to force strikers to be in their own half. This prevents them from going deep, and give space prevents them from going deep, and give space to their team. If the opponents’ attackers go far to their team. If the opponents’ attackers go far from their half, they will be offside.from their half, they will be offside.

The midfielders line (8-7-6-10) is shaped slightly The midfielders line (8-7-6-10) is shaped slightly different. 8 and 10, the two wingers are a little in different. 8 and 10, the two wingers are a little in front. This is due to the 11 and 9 pressing. If they front. This is due to the 11 and 9 pressing. If they should win the ball, 8 and 10 must be ready to should win the ball, 8 and 10 must be ready to support them in the building of the counter support them in the building of the counter attack. That’s how you may keep opponents attack. That’s how you may keep opponents offside. offside.

It is also a good way of pressing, as you may It is also a good way of pressing, as you may control space.control space.

Off-side TacticsOff-side Tactics In the general strategy of the team, the In the general strategy of the team, the

off-side tactics could be defined as all off-side tactics could be defined as all those actions aiming at regaining those actions aiming at regaining possession of the ball. In Italy soccer off-possession of the ball. In Italy soccer off-side can take place in two specific ways:side can take place in two specific ways:

By receiving an indirect free kick; By receiving an indirect free kick; Taking the ball away from the opponents Taking the ball away from the opponents

thanks to the application of pressure. thanks to the application of pressure. It is important when applying an off-side It is important when applying an off-side

trap, one of the two central backs must trap, one of the two central backs must lead the off-side, calling the time of its lead the off-side, calling the time of its execution even with a password. execution even with a password.

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style In conclusion, Sacchi’s Milan was an organised, compact In conclusion, Sacchi’s Milan was an organised, compact

and intense unit without the ball whose tactical nous and intense unit without the ball whose tactical nous allowed it to win the ball back in favourable positions whilst allowed it to win the ball back in favourable positions whilst still ensuring solidarity in its defensive third. still ensuring solidarity in its defensive third.

In possession, players such as Gullit, Van Basten and In possession, players such as Gullit, Van Basten and Rijkaard were able to affect play due to their superb Rijkaard were able to affect play due to their superb football intelligence in dangerous areas of the pitch.football intelligence in dangerous areas of the pitch.

The creative freedom was not compromised by Sacchi’s The creative freedom was not compromised by Sacchi’s organisation and structure, so often the criticism of coaches organisation and structure, so often the criticism of coaches who attempt similar, organised systems. who attempt similar, organised systems.

Strictly defensive, was not how the team were. “I always Strictly defensive, was not how the team were. “I always demanded, that at least five players were ahead of the ball demanded, that at least five players were ahead of the ball when we won possession. There would always be a man when we won possession. There would always be a man wide right, a man wide left.”wide right, a man wide left.”

The 4-4-2 Sacchi’s styleThe 4-4-2 Sacchi’s style

PositioningPositioning In the zone play the back must cover a determined space, he must be In the zone play the back must cover a determined space, he must be

positioned so that he can see the ball and his goal and must be placed, or positioned so that he can see the ball and his goal and must be placed, or in a position to get himself placed, in between the opponent and his own in a position to get himself placed, in between the opponent and his own goal. goal.

As shown in figure 2, the back must be able to man-mark or to mark in As shown in figure 2, the back must be able to man-mark or to mark in advance the opponent playing in his zone of responsibility; the longer the advance the opponent playing in his zone of responsibility; the longer the distance between the player with the ball and the marked opponent, the distance between the player with the ball and the marked opponent, the sharper the advance. sharper the advance.

To mark in advance means that the back must be in a position to either To mark in advance means that the back must be in a position to either intercept the ball or place himself between the opponent and his own goal. intercept the ball or place himself between the opponent and his own goal.

Beside the positioning of the four backs and of the goalkeeper with respect Beside the positioning of the four backs and of the goalkeeper with respect to the position of the player with the ball, we try to explain what we mean to the position of the player with the ball, we try to explain what we mean when we say that “ the back must be placed, or in a position to get himself when we say that “ the back must be placed, or in a position to get himself placed, in between the opponent and his own goal.”placed, in between the opponent and his own goal.”

Player number 2 is positioned so that he can see the ball and his goal (just Player number 2 is positioned so that he can see the ball and his goal (just like the other backs); note he is not placed in between opposing player B like the other backs); note he is not placed in between opposing player B and his own goal, but he is in a position to do it in case opposing player A and his own goal, but he is in a position to do it in case opposing player A decides to switch the direction of the play: the 3-4 seconds the ball takes decides to switch the direction of the play: the 3-4 seconds the ball takes to get to B enable player number 2 to recover his position, getting into the to get to B enable player number 2 to recover his position, getting into the ideal triangle connecting the goal-line and its posts to player B. ideal triangle connecting the goal-line and its posts to player B.

More exactly, the Right Side Back must be able to place himself into the More exactly, the Right Side Back must be able to place himself into the hatched area of the triangle closer to player B. Figure 3 shows you how hatched area of the triangle closer to player B. Figure 3 shows you how players react when the ball reaches B.players react when the ball reaches B.

Figure 3Figure 3

The Strong Side and Weak SideThe Strong Side and Weak Side

With Strong Side we mean the With Strong Side we mean the “side”, or more generally the zone, “side”, or more generally the zone, where there is the opposing player where there is the opposing player with the ball. with the ball.

With Weak Side we mean the “side”, With Weak Side we mean the “side”, or more generally the zone (s), away or more generally the zone (s), away from the opposing player with the from the opposing player with the ball, where eventual opponents may ball, where eventual opponents may placed as shown in figure 4. placed as shown in figure 4.

Figure 4Figure 4

Starting Position and Attack Starting Position and Attack PositionPosition

In figure 5 we can see the 11 players arranged on the field In figure 5 we can see the 11 players arranged on the field according to what can be defined the “Starting Position”; in such according to what can be defined the “Starting Position”; in such an arrangement, the team is ready to start a collective movement an arrangement, the team is ready to start a collective movement to cover the spaces with respect to the position of the ball. to cover the spaces with respect to the position of the ball.

In order to develop an attack, the team will have to switch from In order to develop an attack, the team will have to switch from the “starting position” to a more advanced and wilder one, which the “starting position” to a more advanced and wilder one, which can be defined Attack Position. As you can see number 11 and 9 can be defined Attack Position. As you can see number 11 and 9 are the first ones to start attacking. are the first ones to start attacking.

Figure 5 is also a specific exercise based on the collective Figure 5 is also a specific exercise based on the collective movement of the 11 players from the starting position to the movement of the 11 players from the starting position to the attack position and vice versa could be useful to make the players attack position and vice versa could be useful to make the players familiar with the right positioning.familiar with the right positioning.

A shadow play practice. Ball is indicated with the black asset. A shadow play practice. Ball is indicated with the black asset. While blue is supposed to be the coach. While blue is supposed to be the coach.

While recovering the starting position, the players should run While recovering the starting position, the players should run sideways so as to see both the ball in the possession of the coach sideways so as to see both the ball in the possession of the coach (who is more advanced with respect to all the players) and their (who is more advanced with respect to all the players) and their own goal. As shown in figure 6own goal. As shown in figure 6

Figure 5Figure 5

Figure 6Figure 6

Players in Pairs and Threes Players in Pairs and Threes

When playing 4-4-2 at Ac Milan, Sacchi When playing 4-4-2 at Ac Milan, Sacchi used to apply a 4-4-2 pattern zone play, used to apply a 4-4-2 pattern zone play, groups of PAIRS and THREES form almost groups of PAIRS and THREES form almost spontaneously according to the players’ spontaneously according to the players’ position on the field. position on the field.

Such clusters are necessary because the Such clusters are necessary because the players adjacent or in nearby zones of the players adjacent or in nearby zones of the field must help each other thoroughly. field must help each other thoroughly.

To make it happen, the players involved in To make it happen, the players involved in a pair or in a group of three must train in a pair or in a group of three must train in close contact so that they can get on close contact so that they can get on better together and learn more about how better together and learn more about how their teammates play. their teammates play.

Players in Pairs and ThreesPlayers in Pairs and Threes Pairs and threes are pointed out in figure 7: the related players Pairs and threes are pointed out in figure 7: the related players

are respectively contained in a rectangle and in a triangle. are respectively contained in a rectangle and in a triangle. The Left Side Back and the Left Side Midfielder are the left side The Left Side Back and the Left Side Midfielder are the left side

pair; their collaboration is characterized by their interchange in pair; their collaboration is characterized by their interchange in both phases and by the good timing in double-marking on the both phases and by the good timing in double-marking on the right side. right side.

The main characteristics that the side backs, that is the Right Side The main characteristics that the side backs, that is the Right Side Back and the Left Side Back, should have are identical: endurance Back and the Left Side Back, should have are identical: endurance in performing break-aways along the sides at high speed, skill in in performing break-aways along the sides at high speed, skill in cross-passing from the end of the field, effectiveness both in cross-passing from the end of the field, effectiveness both in defending and attacking. defending and attacking.

The main characteristics that the side midfielders, namely the The main characteristics that the side midfielders, namely the Right Side Midfielder and the Left Side Midfielder should have are Right Side Midfielder and the Left Side Midfielder should have are the same as those specified above for side backs; in addition, they the same as those specified above for side backs; in addition, they should have superior basic skill and creativeness, which is should have superior basic skill and creativeness, which is fundamental in attack. fundamental in attack.

The Left Central Back and the Right Central Back are the central The Left Central Back and the Right Central Back are the central back pair. Besides getting on well together, they should have such back pair. Besides getting on well together, they should have such skills and physical characteristics as to balance each other: speed, skills and physical characteristics as to balance each other: speed, skill in playing with the ball off the ground, good basic skill and skill in playing with the ball off the ground, good basic skill and remarkable personality should be their main features. remarkable personality should be their main features.

Players in Pairs and ThreesPlayers in Pairs and Threes

The Left Central Midfielder and the Right The Left Central Midfielder and the Right Central Midfielder are the central Central Midfielder are the central midfielder pair. midfielder pair.

They too should have such characteristics They too should have such characteristics as to balance each other: one of them as to balance each other: one of them should be physically strong, able to should be physically strong, able to “tackle”, good at heading; the other one, “tackle”, good at heading; the other one, even with simple passes, should be able to even with simple passes, should be able to give new solutions to the play. give new solutions to the play.

He should also be good at shooting from a He should also be good at shooting from a distance and at making long passes. Both distance and at making long passes. Both players should have a strong tactical players should have a strong tactical sense. sense.

Players in Pairs and ThreesPlayers in Pairs and Threes

The forward pair should be made up The forward pair should be made up of a player able to play as a TARGET of a player able to play as a TARGET MAN- physically strong, good at MAN- physically strong, good at heading and able to play with the heading and able to play with the opposing goal at his back and by a opposing goal at his back and by a rapid, rapid,

quick forward with good individual quick forward with good individual skill, who likes starting from a skill, who likes starting from a distance and moving all over the distance and moving all over the attacking front. attacking front.

Figure 7Figure 7Pairs: 11/9, 10/3, 5/6, 8/4, 7/2Pairs: 11/9, 10/3, 5/6, 8/4, 7/2

Strategy, Tactics, Short and Tight Strategy, Tactics, Short and Tight Team, Pressure and Off-SideTeam, Pressure and Off-Side

Definition of Strategy ( a game plan through which, bearing in mind the Definition of Strategy ( a game plan through which, bearing in mind the rules of the game, one’s own strong and weak points, the possible rules of the game, one’s own strong and weak points, the possible behavior of the opponents, and the expected match conditions, the behavior of the opponents, and the expected match conditions, the potential decisions on the way the team will play during the match are potential decisions on the way the team will play during the match are mentally anticipated and established. mentally anticipated and established.

Definition of Tactics ( tactics are all the different ways the team may play, Definition of Tactics ( tactics are all the different ways the team may play, the actions and the individual and collective operations of the players the actions and the individual and collective operations of the players through which), bearing in mind the rules of the game, the actions of one’s through which), bearing in mind the rules of the game, the actions of one’s own teammates and of the opponents, as well as the eventual external own teammates and of the opponents, as well as the eventual external factors and conditions, may be influenced and used to one’s own factors and conditions, may be influenced and used to one’s own advantage. advantage.

Short and Tight Team ( In modern play as a whole, and in zone in Short and Tight Team ( In modern play as a whole, and in zone in particular, when the ball is in the opponent’s possession the team must particular, when the ball is in the opponent’s possession the team must arrange itself on the field in such a way as to be short (with respect to the arrange itself on the field in such a way as to be short (with respect to the length of the field, all the players should be placed in about 30 yards) and length of the field, all the players should be placed in about 30 yards) and TIGHT (with respect to the width of the field, the players will place TIGHT (with respect to the width of the field, the players will place themselves so as to have superiority in numbers in the zone where the ball themselves so as to have superiority in numbers in the zone where the ball is)is)

Pressure can be defined as the team movement that closes the space on Pressure can be defined as the team movement that closes the space on the man with the ball, reducing his available time of play. Pressure is the the man with the ball, reducing his available time of play. Pressure is the coordinated movement of several players aiming at forcing the man with coordinated movement of several players aiming at forcing the man with the ball to perform a predictable move (dribble or pass) or a chance move, the ball to perform a predictable move (dribble or pass) or a chance move, enabling them to regain possession of the ball. enabling them to regain possession of the ball.

Defensive Organization aimed at Defensive Organization aimed at starting an attackstarting an attack

Organized Attack (in zone play, each Organized Attack (in zone play, each player belongs to a certain area: so, player belongs to a certain area: so, when a player regains possession of when a player regains possession of the ball, he and all his teammates the ball, he and all his teammates are in their own usual area with are in their own usual area with possible shifts due to the position of possible shifts due to the position of the opponent with the ball). the opponent with the ball).

This fact is an advantage to start an This fact is an advantage to start an attack: as all the players are in their attack: as all the players are in their natural positions. natural positions.

Defensive Organization aimed at Defensive Organization aimed at starting an attackstarting an attack

If your opponents are well-organized, it is If your opponents are well-organized, it is not easy to develop attacking schemes not easy to develop attacking schemes identical to the ones studied and tried out identical to the ones studied and tried out during the training sessions. during the training sessions.

The primary aim of the attacking scheme The primary aim of the attacking scheme is to generate in the players a “group is to generate in the players a “group mentality” which puts the team (the mentality” which puts the team (the group) above the single player. group) above the single player.

The repetition of certain schemes during The repetition of certain schemes during the training sessions also gives the players the training sessions also gives the players an imprint of the kind of play the coach an imprint of the kind of play the coach intends to carry out. intends to carry out.

Exercise to make the ball circulate Exercise to make the ball circulate between the back fourbetween the back four

Because of the obvious safety reasons, the Because of the obvious safety reasons, the ball should never circulate parallel to the ball should never circulate parallel to the midfield line: midfield line:

it should be passed from one back to the it should be passed from one back to the other in such a way as to make the other in such a way as to make the trajectory of the ball form an angle to the trajectory of the ball form an angle to the horizontal axis of the field. horizontal axis of the field.

To make this happen, the back four must To make this happen, the back four must place themselves according to a half-moon place themselves according to a half-moon formation. As shown in figure 12 and 13.formation. As shown in figure 12 and 13.

Figure 12 and 13Figure 12 and 13

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Figure 12 and 13Figure 12 and 13

Y are defenders while X attackers. Small Y are defenders while X attackers. Small blue ring: the ball. blue ring: the ball.

We can notice Y’s line getting shaped We can notice Y’s line getting shaped differently depending on where the ball is.differently depending on where the ball is.

While making players work on pressing While making players work on pressing and covering, a good idea would be of and covering, a good idea would be of keeping players on foot jumping off while keeping players on foot jumping off while waiting for the ball to be played to the waiting for the ball to be played to the opposite attacker, so they may be ready opposite attacker, so they may be ready to press him much quicker. As shown in to press him much quicker. As shown in figure 13.2.figure 13.2.

Figure 13.2Figure 13.2

x x x x

Half-moon formationHalf-moon formation

When the backs regain possession of When the backs regain possession of the ball, they are within the strong the ball, they are within the strong side; therefore, besides making the side; therefore, besides making the ball circulate towards the opposite ball circulate towards the opposite side (as it is presumably free from side (as it is presumably free from opponents), they must move opponents), they must move towards that side in such a way as to towards that side in such a way as to place themselves uniformly on the place themselves uniformly on the field. field.

Half-moon formation figure 13Half-moon formation figure 13

Half-moon Formation Figure 13.2Half-moon Formation Figure 13.2

Attack Schemes Attack Schemes

Shadow Play 11v0Shadow Play 11v0 In the following pages you can find 5 In the following pages you can find 5

attacking “schemes” which we would attacking “schemes” which we would prefer to define as organized movements prefer to define as organized movements to prepare an attack, aiming at shooting at to prepare an attack, aiming at shooting at goal. goal.

We would not like to define our attacking We would not like to define our attacking proposals as schemes, because if proposals as schemes, because if interpreted in an extremely strict way they interpreted in an extremely strict way they could be restrictive to imagination in could be restrictive to imagination in particular in the final phase of their particular in the final phase of their application where the presence of the application where the presence of the opponent strongly affects the move. opponent strongly affects the move.

Attack SchemesAttack Schemes In the final part of the attack we think that room In the final part of the attack we think that room

should be made for the inventiveness and the should be made for the inventiveness and the creativity of the individual player, depending on creativity of the individual player, depending on the occuring situation. the occuring situation.

As a consequence, most of our attacking As a consequence, most of our attacking proposals- which we will inaccurately call proposals- which we will inaccurately call schemes – do not give a complete solution for the schemes – do not give a complete solution for the final part of the attack. final part of the attack.

All 5 schemes have been conceived, and All 5 schemes have been conceived, and examples given, with movements on the right or examples given, with movements on the right or center-right zone of the field. Of course, each center-right zone of the field. Of course, each scheme can be executed in a mirror way on the scheme can be executed in a mirror way on the left or center-left zone of the field. left or center-left zone of the field.

Scheme 1Scheme 1

Scheme 2Scheme 2

Scheme 3Scheme 3

Scheme 4Scheme 4

Scheme 5Scheme 5

For more info on Sacchi 4-4-2 style, For more info on Sacchi 4-4-2 style, just google just google

Marziali, F, Mora, V, Marziali, F, Mora, V, Coaching the 4-4-Coaching the 4-4-2 Zone Play The Flat Back Four 2 Zone Play The Flat Back Four Defence Attacking Schemes, Defence Attacking Schemes, Reedswain Inc, Spring City 1997 Reedswain Inc, Spring City 1997 ISBN 0965102084ISBN 0965102084

4-4-2 The Ancelotti’s way4-4-2 The Ancelotti’s way

Carlo Ancelotti: Italy National Team Carlo Ancelotti: Italy National Team (Assistant), Parma, Juventus, Ac (Assistant), Parma, Juventus, Ac

Milan, Chelsea, Psg and Real Madrid Milan, Chelsea, Psg and Real Madrid Coach Coach

Ancelotti on the Italian FootballAncelotti on the Italian Football ““The Italian culture of football is to defend. The Italian culture of football is to defend.

Catenaccio (a football strategy based on Catenaccio (a football strategy based on defending by fixing up players like if they were defending by fixing up players like if they were pieces of chain) started in Italy. In the Italian pieces of chain) started in Italy. In the Italian league you also have to play against different league you also have to play against different systems: 4-4-2, 3-5-2, 3-4-1-2, so you have to systems: 4-4-2, 3-5-2, 3-4-1-2, so you have to be very flexible to change and adapt your be very flexible to change and adapt your strategy in the game against different systems. strategy in the game against different systems.

In Italy the rhythm of the game is not so strong. In Italy the rhythm of the game is not so strong. Italian teams have a lot of knowledge defensively Italian teams have a lot of knowledge defensively and the first priority is not to concede a goal. and the first priority is not to concede a goal. That is the mentality”. That is the mentality”. FA Learning, FA Learning, The FA LCC Magazine/ Issue April 09, 2014, The FA LCC Magazine/ Issue April 09, 2014, pp 22-23pp 22-23

Ancelotti 4-4-2 at Ac MilanAncelotti 4-4-2 at Ac Milan

@footystudent does a @footystudent does a very good analysis of very good analysis of Ancelotti’s diamond Ancelotti’s diamond stylestyle

Key Phases of Play Key Phases of Play

With the ball • Play from the back & With the ball • Play from the back & through the 3rds • Use of width from through the 3rds • Use of width from full backs • Direct short penetrating full backs • Direct short penetrating passes • Creativity passes • Creativity

Without the ball • Win the ball back Without the ball • Win the ball back as quickly as possible • Press high • as quickly as possible • Press high • Tight & regain shape • Concentration Tight & regain shape • Concentration

Key Phases of PlayKey Phases of Play

When the ball has just been won When the ball has just been won back • Keep possession – minimum back • Keep possession – minimum 2/3 passes to secure possession 2/3 passes to secure possession again • Create width & depth • again • Create width & depth • Change angle of play When the ball Change angle of play When the ball has just been lost • Win it back close has just been lost • Win it back close to oppositions goal if possible • to oppositions goal if possible • Regain possession quick as possible • Regain possession quick as possible • Press high • Organise defensive Press high • Organise defensive shape shape

Figure 14Figure 14

AdvantagesAdvantages

Dominances in midfield • Strength Dominances in midfield • Strength throughout the middle of the pitch • throughout the middle of the pitch • Presence of front 2 • Converts easily Presence of front 2 • Converts easily into • 4-3-3 ,4-4-2 split striker & 4-into • 4-3-3 ,4-4-2 split striker & 4-2-3-1 or 4-4-2 flat • Allows creative 2-3-1 or 4-4-2 flat • Allows creative no.10 with balance behind • Allows no.10 with balance behind • Allows fullbacks to attack • Allows two fullbacks to attack • Allows two striker combination • Allows to press striker combination • Allows to press high high

ConcernsConcerns

Lack of width in attack if fullbacks Lack of width in attack if fullbacks don’t join in • Space in wide areas don’t join in • Space in wide areas when defending • Open to quick when defending • Open to quick switch of play counter attacks switch of play counter attacks

Figure 15Figure 15

Figure 16Figure 16

Figure 17Figure 17

Figure 18Figure 18

Figure 19Figure 19

Figure 20Figure 20

Figure 21Figure 21

Figure 22Figure 22

For more info about the 4-4-2 For more info about the 4-4-2 diamond and Ancelotti’s style, just diamond and Ancelotti’s style, just google google

4-4-2 diamond Footystudent pdf4-4-2 diamond Footystudent pdf

Marcello Lippi’s success at 2006 Marcello Lippi’s success at 2006 World CupWorld Cup

Italy formation Italy formation

Buffon

Cannavaro

Grosso

Materazzi

Zambrotta

Pirlo

De Rossi

Camoranesi

Gattuso(Perrotta)

Toni

Gilardino(Totti)

Lippi’s principlesLippi’s principles

When he was in charge for Juventus When he was in charge for Juventus FC, Lippi brought a new combination FC, Lippi brought a new combination style of the famous catenaccio mixed style of the famous catenaccio mixed with Sacchi’s offensive and zone with Sacchi’s offensive and zone marking style. marking style.

Lippi’s success was due to his large Lippi’s success was due to his large flexibility of adapting his game to the flexibility of adapting his game to the players needs and clubs ambitions. players needs and clubs ambitions.

Why did the Italian style still work?Why did the Italian style still work?

It was defensive, offensively It was defensive, offensively balanced and adapted to the players balanced and adapted to the players style. style.

The majority of Lippi’s players at The majority of Lippi’s players at Italy were all aware of the Italian Italy were all aware of the Italian tactics formations, as almost anyone tactics formations, as almost anyone of them had only been playing in the of them had only been playing in the Italian League. Italian League.

Other reasonsOther reasons

Brazil failed with his top-players Brazil failed with his top-players Ronaldo, Adriano, Ronaldinho, KakaRonaldo, Adriano, Ronaldinho, Kaka

Although France was good, it was too Although France was good, it was too much led by Zinedine Zidanemuch led by Zinedine Zidane

The style of catenaccio and Sacchi’s The style of catenaccio and Sacchi’s offensive strategies did work against offensive strategies did work against Germany in the semifinal. Germany in the semifinal.

The Italian Way right nowThe Italian Way right now

The following discussed principles were The following discussed principles were easily adopted by Roberto di Matteo whilst easily adopted by Roberto di Matteo whilst he was in charge for Chelsea in 2012. he was in charge for Chelsea in 2012.

Other coaches who are using this style are Other coaches who are using this style are National Italy Team Coach Antonio Conte, National Italy Team Coach Antonio Conte, current Juventus FC Coach Massimo Allegri current Juventus FC Coach Massimo Allegri and current Fiorentina FC Coach Vincenzo and current Fiorentina FC Coach Vincenzo Montella.Montella.

ReferencesReferences www.footballbible.comwww.footballbible.com www.youtubeArrigoSacchi4-4-2.comwww.youtubeArrigoSacchi4-4-2.com Michels, R, Michels, R, Teambuilding the road to successTeambuilding the road to success, ,

Reedswain Publishing, Holland, 2001 Reedswain Publishing, Holland, 2001 FA Learning, FA Learning, Fa Boot Room April 2014 Magazine Fa Boot Room April 2014 Magazine

An Englishman abroad An Englishman abroad Marziali, F, Mora, V, Marziali, F, Mora, V, Coaching the 4-4-2 Zone Coaching the 4-4-2 Zone

Play The Flat Back Four Defence Attacking Play The Flat Back Four Defence Attacking Schemes, Schemes, Reedswain Inc, Spring City 1997 ISBN Reedswain Inc, Spring City 1997 ISBN 09651020840965102084

Seedhouse, R. Seedhouse, R. Coaching the Coach A complete Coaching the Coach A complete guide how to coach soccer skills through drills, guide how to coach soccer skills through drills, Authors Online Ltd, Bedfordshire 2007 Authors Online Ltd, Bedfordshire 2007