plate tectonics. alfred wegener published the origin of continents and oceans (1915) father of...
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Plate Tectonics
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Alfred Wegener
Published The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915)
Father of “Continental Drift”
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Evidence for Plate Tectonics
Jigsaw Fit of Continental Shelves
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Mesosaurus (Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic)
Evidence for Plate Tectonics
Fossil Correlation Across Seas
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Evidence for Plate Tectonics
Rock Correlation Across Seas
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Evidence for Plate Tectonics
Rock Correlation Across Seas
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Differences in Ancient Climates
Evidence for Plate Tectonics
Glacial Imprints in Rocks in Tropics
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WW2 – Sonar – mapping seafloor
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North Pole
South Pole
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Magnetite (Fe3O4)
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Minerals retain their magnetic moment when they are cooled below the Curie Temperature
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Magnetic Reversals North
South
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Magnetic Reversal
s Through Geologic
Time
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Magnetic Polarity Time Scale established back to about 180 million yrs
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Earth’s Magnetic Flux Lines
Intensity of Magnetism
N
S
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Magnetic Stripes on the
Seafloor
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Age of seafloor determined – led to acceptance of Plate Tectonics
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15 Tectonic Plates
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Tectonic Motions
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Location of World’s Major Volcanoes
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Lithosphere – The rigid outer layer of the Earth, including the crust and part of the upper mantle
Asthenosphere – The portion of the upper mantle below the lithosphere that is easily deformed
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Subduction
The thrusting of oceanic plate into the
mantle at a plate boundary
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Continent-Ocean Plate Orogeny
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Juan de Fuca Plate
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Mt. St. Helens, Before 1980
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Ocean-Ocean Plate Orogeny
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Many mountain belts are built by Ocean-Continent AND
Continent-Continent collisions.
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Mountain Building (Orogenesis)
Continent-Continent Collisions
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Continent-Continent Orogeny
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Mt. Makalu, Nepal
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Divergent plate boundaries
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Birth of an Ocean at
a Divergent
Margin
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Transform (or Strike-Slip) Faults
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San Andreas:
A Transform Fault on Land
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Hot Spots
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Tectonic Motions
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Convection
The transfer of heat by
the movement of
matter.
Convection Cell
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Double-Layer Convection
Depressurized Melting
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