PLANTS

CO2 + H2O O2 + C6H12O6

Create Energy from sunlight

CHLOROPLASTS

Organelle only in plants that carries out the process of making glucose (C6H12O6) from sunlight

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Create Energy from sunlight

CELL WALL

Structure in plants that gives each cell its Shape.

ANIMALS

O2 + C6H12O6 CO2 + H2O

Combine oxygen and glucose to createEnergy for the cells.

MITOCHONDRIA

Organelle that changes glucose into ATP

RESPIRATION

Formula for changing glucose into ATP

ATP

Form of energy used by cells

CELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS

Keeping a cell healthy

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Controls what goes in and out of a cell by recognizing other cells.

DIFFUSION

Moving from areas of high to low concentration (like KOOL AIDE spreading out in a pitcher.

CELL MEMBRANE

Formula for changing glucose into ATP

OSMOSIS

Movement of water from area of high to low concentration. Like water being absorbed from salt water by a fish

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Replicate, Transcribe, Translate

CODONS

A-T C-GCopied in Replication

RNA

A-U C-GTranscribed from DNA into MRNATranslated from MRNA to TRNA

DNA

Groups of 3 Bases are used to tell the ribosomes what amino acid to create during translation. (CODON CHART)

MUTATION

Occurs when any of the bases are not copied in the correct order

PATHOGENS

THINGS THAT MAKE YOU SICK

ANTI BIOTIC

Living creature that invades another creature and reproduces causing sickness.

VIRUS

Non Living structure containing RNA that only reproduces by inserting its RNA into a Host cell destroying the host

BACTERIA

Medicine created to kill Bacteria but has no effect on a virus

ANTI BODIES

Created by the body to destroy pathogens. Can be created before one gets ill through vaccinations.

FEED BACK MECHANISM

ENDOCRINE (Glands/Hormones)

Increases heart rate to pump more hot blood into the dilated veins.

NERVOUS (Brain/Senses/ nerves)Receives information that the core of the body is too hot, sends message to release hormones designed to open the blood vessels.

CIRCULATION (Heart/Veins/Arteries)

In response to impulses from the brain excretes vaso-dilators to increase the size of blood vessels in the skin.

INTEGUMENTARY (SKIN)

Releases sweat across the dilated veins near the surface to help cool the blood before it returns to the core.

ECOSYSTEMS

Interactions of creatures in the fight for survival.

SECONDARY CONSUMER

Creates energy from sunlight, must be the most numerous form of life.

PRIMARY CONSUMER

HERBIVORES- eat plants only, receive 10% of the plants energy.

PRODUCER

Mostly Carnivores and some omnivores eat meat. Receive 1% of the plants energy.

TERTIARY CONSUMERCarnivores or Omnivores that are not hunted by other creatures. Usually meat eaters. Receive .1% of the plants energy. The least numerous form of life.

ENERGY IN ECOSYSTEMS

HOW IT MOVES

BIOMASS

Demonstrate how energy is transferred from (prey) to (predator)

10% RULE

Only 10% of the energy is transferred from one level to the next in a food pyramaid.

FOOD WEBS

The mass of all the living creatures of one type in an area.

SUN

ALL ENERGY BEGINS HERE.

SYMBIOSIS

HOW LIFE INTERACTS

PARASITISM

Two creatures who benefit from each other.

COMMENSALISM

Two creature where on benefits and the other is not affected in any way.

MUTUALISM

One creatures survives by hurting another creature.

PREDATOR/PREY

Predators hunt and eat their prey.

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

HISTORY OF LIFE IN AN AREA

SPECIATION

A trait that develops from one generation that gives one creature an better change of surviving than a similar creature without the trait.

NATURAL SELECTION

Creature with better adaptions do not get killed and when they reproduce the adaptation is more common in the next generation.

ADAPTATION

When one species takes over and eliminates another species through better adaptations

SUPER POSITION

Understanding that the deeper the layer an fossil is found the older it is.

PERIODIC TABLE

Organization of different elements

ATOMIC NUMBER

ELEMENTS IN THE SAME COLUMN share the same properties (reactivity, bonding, chemical and physical qualities)

NOBLE GASSES

Group 18, has a complete shell of outer (VALENCE) electrons. Does not react with any other elements. LONERS

GROUPS

Represents the amount of protons in an atom. Atoms can be identified by their number of protons.

BONDING

Electron donators (group 1,2,13) are on the left side and the acceptors (17,16,15 are on the right. (make 8 rule)

DENSITY

The amount of atoms in a specific area.

PROPERTIES

Formula for calculating.

VISCOSITY

The thicker the substance the greater the density and slower it will move (viscosity)

D= m/v

Density is based on the material, one ounce of gold has the same density as 1 ton of gold.

BUOYANCYAbility to float on another substance, in order the float the objects density must be less than that of the fluid it will float in. Water has a density of 1 g/ml

WATER

Universal Solvent

IN SOLUBLE

Ability to dissolve other substances, increases with thermal energy (heat)

POLAR

Having one + side and one – side in an atom.

SOLUBILITY

Substance that will not dissolve such as oil in water since oil is non polar and water is polar.

SHAPE

Since Oxygen holds onto the electrons the Hydrogen's stay above the oxygen causing the molecule to have a bent shape.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

What ever you start with you end with

Co- EFFICIENT

Chemicals that begin a reaction

PRODUCTS

The result of mixing two or more chemicals.

REACTANTS

The large number at the beginning of a formula effecting every element in the formula, often adjusted for balancing.

SUB SCRIPT

The small number that follows one element or a ( ) in a formula. It only effects what if follows.

NEWTON

LAWS OF MOTION

COLLISION

First Law, Nothing will change unless force is applied to it. Not moving or constant speed are examples of this. Inertia allows a person to resist being moved by force.

ACCELERATION

Second LawChange in an object is related to the force applied to it. Like turning the

steering wheel.Also known as F-ma

INERTIA

The force of two objects colliding is equal to the force each object applies to the other.

NEWTON

Unit of measurement for force. Is equal to the mass times the acceleration of the object.

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Nothing is loss, but it can be changed. Often into heat.

KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf

ENERGY OF POSITONTHE HIGHER THE OBJECT THE HIGHER THE PEWhen KE is Max PE is 0PE = mghG= gravity= 9.8 m/s2

KINETIC ENERGY

Energy of motionKE= ½ mv2

KE is 0 when not moving

POTENTIAL ENERGY

The sum of energy at the beginning is the same as the sum of energy at the end.

FRICTION

Heat released when two surfaces meet like wheels and the floor. Friction provides stopping force, opposes motion.

CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

When objects collide the result is equal to the force they created.

P= mv

The force created by the objects speed and mass.

INERTIA

The greater the mass the more difficult it will be to move the object or stop it since it creates more energy

MOMENTUM

Medicine created to kill Bacteria but has no effect on a virus

VELOCITY

The faster the object the more energy it will create,

WAVES

Energy transferred

REFLECTION

The vibrations of one object cause another object to vibrate at the same frequency.

LONGITUDINAL

Sound wavesCreated by vibrating particles

RESONANCE

Light bounces off a mirror at the same angle it hit the mirror

INTERFERENCE

Destructive one wave cancels another.Constructive one wave builds or alters another

HEAT

Energy caused by the movement of molecules

CONVECTION

Moves from high energy (hot) to low energy (cold) until both reach the same temperature (equilibrium)

CONDUCTION

Transfer through touching. Grab the handle of a spoon in boiling water.

TRANSFER

Transfer through a moving fluid (boiling, air movement)

RADIATION

Transfer through light or waves, Micro wave, sunlight, X rays

PLANTS

Survive in environments that fit their adaptations.

FLOWERS

Gathers water and nutrients from soil.Dry climates have deep roots to find waterWet climates have shallow spread out roots

LEAVES

Gather sunlight for photosynthesis, the bigger the leave the more water it will use.Dry climate lots of small leavesWet Climate large leaves to catch more sun.

ROOT

Attract insects to carry pollen to fertilize other flowers for reproduction.

STEMS

Hold the plant up straight help it reach sunlight, requires water.