Plants & BotanyPlants & BotanyNon – Vascular Plants, Non – Vascular Plants,

Gymnosperms & AngiospermsGymnosperms & Angiosperms

PlantsPlants Domain: EukaryaDomain: Eukarya Kingdom: PlantaeKingdom: Plantae

What do we already know?What do we already know?

1.1. EukaryoticEukaryotic

2.2. Autotrophic – Autotrophic – photosyntheticphotosynthetic

3.3. MulticellularMulticellular

4.4. Have ChloroplastsHave Chloroplasts

5.5. Cell walls made of Cell walls made of carbohydrate cellulosecarbohydrate cellulose

Classification of PlantsClassification of Plants

Plantae

Vascular PlantsNon – Vascular

Plants

Angiosperms (Flowering Plants w/ coated seeds)

Gymnosperms(NAKED Seeds)

EX: Mosses

EX: Sunflower EX: Pine Tree

Two Major CategoriesTwo Major Categories

Non - Vascular PlantsNon - Vascular Plants Vascular PlantsVascular Plants

Non – Vascular PlantsNon – Vascular Plants Smaller PlantsSmaller Plants No tube systems for transporting materialsNo tube systems for transporting materials Live close to water to absorb nutrients by Live close to water to absorb nutrients by

diffusiondiffusion NO roots, stems, or leaves!!!NO roots, stems, or leaves!!!

EX: Mosses, LiverwortsEX: Mosses, Liverworts

Where do you think these are in terms of Where do you think these are in terms of evolution?evolution?

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants

Have tube-like cells to transport water, food, & Have tube-like cells to transport water, food, & minerals (similar to our veins!)minerals (similar to our veins!)

Usually LargerUsually Larger Can live farther from water b/c they don’t rely on Can live farther from water b/c they don’t rely on

diffusiondiffusion Phloem – tubes that move the food (sugar) DOWN Phloem – tubes that move the food (sugar) DOWN

from the food producing leavesfrom the food producing leaves Xylem – tubes that move water & minerals UP Xylem – tubes that move water & minerals UP

from the soilfrom the soil Two Types – Angiosperms & GymnospermsTwo Types – Angiosperms & Gymnosperms

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://universe-review.ca/I10-24-vascular.jpg&imgrefurl=http://universe-review.ca/R10-34-anatomy2.htm&h=376&w=544&sz=54&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Qi5FYw4BmpiS1M:&tbnh=92&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflower%2Bxylem%2Bphloem%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

Adaptations for life on landAdaptations for life on land

Waxy Cuticle – Waxy Cuticle – prevents water loss prevents water loss (transpiration)(transpiration)

Seed = embryo and Seed = embryo and food supply protected food supply protected by a coveringby a covering

- prevents drying out, - prevents drying out, and helps seed and helps seed dispersiondispersion

Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ginkgo_embryo_and_gametophyte.jpg/768px-Ginkgo_embryo_and_gametophyte.jpg

Source: http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/images/2d.jpg

Adaptations continued…Adaptations continued… Spores – reproductive Spores – reproductive

cell or gamete cell or gamete protected by a protected by a coveringcovering

Stomata – pores in Stomata – pores in leaves that open and leaves that open and close for gas exchange close for gas exchange (respiration!)(respiration!)

RootsRoots StemsStems Leaves – help absorb Leaves – help absorb

light for photosynthesis. light for photosynthesis. (food energy!!) BIGGER (food energy!!) BIGGER = more photosynthesis= more photosynthesis

Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Fern_spores_P1180804.jpg

StomataStomata

Gas Exchange Gas Exchange – Oxygen and – Oxygen and water out, water out, Carbon Carbon Dioxide inDioxide in

Controlled by Controlled by guard cellsguard cells

Adaptations continued…Adaptations continued…

RootsRoots- Anchor Plant- Anchor Plant- Absorb water and - Absorb water and mineralsminerals- Store starch and become - Store starch and become foodfood

StemsStems- Transport materials- Transport materials- Support- Support- Vascular System- Vascular System

Source: Source: http://media-http://media-2.web.britannica.c2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/97/5om/eb-media/97/5597-004-597-004-AC4B60C5.gifAC4B60C5.gif

Adaptations Cont… LeavesAdaptations Cont… Leaves Flat, thin organ for Flat, thin organ for

photosynthesisphotosynthesis High surface areaHigh surface area

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/leafshape.jpg&imgrefurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/16002_12.html&h=272&w=720&sz=26&hl=en&start=21&um=1&tbnid=06KWY1jAiK2UrM:&tbnh=53&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsimple%2Band%2Bcompound%2Bleaf%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants GymnospermsGymnosperms

NAKED seedsNAKED seeds

AngiospermsAngiosperms

Flowering Plants – Flowering Plants – Coated SeedsCoated Seeds

Source: http://adamschneider.net/photos/2006-02-gr/image/img_0422.jpg

GymnospermsGymnosperms

Usually Conifers Usually Conifers (Evergreen or Pine Trees)(Evergreen or Pine Trees)

Make pine cones as the Make pine cones as the naked seeds for naked seeds for reproductionreproduction

Wind Pollinated from male Wind Pollinated from male cone pollen to female conecone pollen to female cone

Fertilized gamete (zygote) Fertilized gamete (zygote) develops into an an develops into an an embryo and is dropped to embryo and is dropped to the groundthe ground

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer

http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/flwrfamlys.html&h=99&w=130&sz=27&tbnid=DUOIA2M6J84J:&tbnh=99&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflower%2Bparts&hl=en&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=image&cd=3www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/families/flwrparts.jpg&imgrefurl=http://

Pollen produced in anther

Where eggs are produced

Angiosperms – Flowering PlantsAngiosperms – Flowering Plants

Stamen (male)Stamen (male)

Anther – makes pollen Anther – makes pollen grains.grains.

When the grains are When the grains are fully grown, the anther fully grown, the anther splits open to drop the splits open to drop the pollenpollen

Pistil (female)Pistil (female)

Stigma (sticky)Stigma (sticky) StyleStyle Ovary (holds the Ovary (holds the

ovules)ovules) Ovules (eggs)Ovules (eggs)

PollinationPollination

Flowering plants use Flowering plants use wind, insects, bats, wind, insects, bats, birds, and mammals to birds, and mammals to transfer pollen from the transfer pollen from the male (stamen) part of male (stamen) part of the flower to the the flower to the female (stigma) part of female (stigma) part of the flowerthe flower

Pollen is plant SPERM flying through the air!

PollinationPollination

When the insect visits When the insect visits another flower of another flower of the same type, the the same type, the pollenpollen will stick to will stick to the the stigmastigma..

This is called This is called pollination.pollination.

Co-evolution of bees & flowersCo-evolution of bees & flowersMutual evolutionary influenceMutual evolutionary influence

Flowering Plants – Flowering Plants – AngiospermsAngiosperms

Need pollinationNeed pollination

BeesBees Use pollen and nectar Use pollen and nectar

as a food sourceas a food source

FertilizationFertilization

The The pollenpollen travels travels to the to the ovaryovary, , where it joins with where it joins with an an ovule.ovule.

This is called

fertilization.