PLANTING THE COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA 1588 -1701

AP CHAPTER 3

NEW FRANCE

• 1605 Samuel de Champlain set out to monopolize the northern fur trade and founded the settlement of Quebec• Champlain controlled the fur trade and created alliances with the natives• France controlled the St. Lawrence River which allowed them to dominate trade into N. America

NEW NETHERLANDS

• The Dutch soon began establishing trading posts in N. America and created the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company that monopolized trade•Henry Hudson was an explorer and discovered Hudson Bay and created an alliance with the Iroquois Confederacy

BEAVER WARS

• Bloody conflicts that lasted from the 1640s-1680s• Iroquois fought the French settlers for control over the fur trade• The Dutch were able to expand their influence in the Northeast and took control of land along the Delaware River

ENGLAND

• Virginia Company- group of investors who sent ships and 100 men to the Chesapeake Bay where they built a fort named Jamestown • Jamestown is the first permanent British settlement in N. America in 1607• Jamestown was led by John Smith

•Winter of 1609-1610 hundreds of colonist starved and some resorted to cannibalism only 60 survived• Colonists waged a war with the natives that lasted several years• Peace was negotiated when Pocahontas married John Rolfe a colonial leader

TOBACCO, EXPANSION AND WARFARE

• Tobacco had become extremely popular in England by 1610 and the demand for the product increased• “Headright Grants” encouraged wealthy colonists to bring over workers from England to work the plantations•Many British were attracted to the Americas because they saw it as an opportunity for growth

• 1624- Virginia becomes an official colony of the British Empire•House of Burgesses (1619)- colonial legislature which was the 1st institution of self govt. in the colonies • 1632- King granted 10 million acres of land to the Calvert family in what is now Maryland

•Maryland was owned by the Calvert family and encouraged Catholic settlers b/c they were being persecuted in England• Tobacco became a driving economic force for Maryland • 1670s- Maryland's population consisted of over 15,000

•Most of the English migrants were indentured servants• Indentured Servants- individuals who were contracted to serve a master for a period of four to seven years in return for payment of the servant’s passage to America• African slaves were first introduced to the Chesapeake in 1619

•Women were scarce in the early colonial era so they were able to gain more rights•Widow’s were able to inherit their husbands estate• English colonist lived in harsh conditions and diseases were common

PURITANISM

• Puritan- English followers of John Calvin who wanted to purify and reform the English church• King James I persecuted the Puritans and the Puritans began to revolt.• Pilgrims- settlers of the Plymouth Colony and wanted religious freedom

• Separatists- members of a branch of Puritanism and felt that the church was to corrupt and they should completely separate from the church•Mayflower Compact- 1st document of self-government in N. America by the Pilgrims• Plymouth colony was never financial successful

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY

• 1629- royal charter that gave Puritans control over their colony in Massachusetts Bay led by John Winthrop•Great Migration 1629-1643 when 20,000 relocated to Massachusetts or present day Boston• Transformed from a company into a civil government in a few years

LIFE IN MASSACHUSETTS

• Puritans believed in a well ordered society and most settlements were clustered together• Laws required the towns to support public schools and grammar schools•Harvard (1636) first college in Massachusetts to ensure their would be enough ministers•Women were subordinate to men

•Married women could not make contracts, own property, vote or hold office•Women were expected to get married, give birth and raise the children•Witchcraft- hundreds women were accused of witchcraft mainly b/c they asserted their independence

• Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692)- most famous series of trials accusing women of witchcraft• Thomas Hooker- minister who disagreed with the treatment of women and founded Hartford for his people• Connecticut and New Hampshire colonies populations rose

SALEM WITCH TRIALS

PROPRIETARY COLONIES

• South Carolina wealth grew from the production of sugar in the mid 1600s•New Netherland (Dutch)became New York and was controlled by the English•NY was very diverse religiously and ethnically•New Jersey became a “Proprietary Colony” and self governing by the 1680s

FOUNDING OF PENNSYLVANIA

•Quakers- radical religious group that focused on religious toleration and pacifism. •William Penn was given a proprietary grant of land (Pennsylvania) from King Charles in 1681• Penn wanted his colony to be a holy experiment

• Frames of Government- gave religious freedom, civil liberties and elected representatives in the colony• Pennsylvania rose in power and Philadelphia became a major port city•Delaware broke off form Pennsylvania to create their own colony

KING PHILIPS WAR

• Battle between New England colonies and the Wampanoag's and other native tribes• English settlers were encroaching on the natives land• By the end of the war the colonists had established their supremacy in the east

BACON’S REBELLION

• Conflict between settlers and natives over land• Frontiersman Nathanial Bacon would conduct military raids and massacred natives to seek more land. • Bacon rebelled against Gov. Berkeley • Spring 1676- Bacon and his followers attacked Jamestown, VA and pillaged and burned the capital

• Bacon later died and so did his rebellion• Bacon’s Rebellion showed the difference between frontier districts and the more established coastal regions and the issues with natives• Culpeper’s Rebellion- similar to Bacon’s

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

• King James II reduced the power of colonial assemblies and restricted the peoples rights• Fearing the creation of a Catholic Empire James II was removed and replaced by Mary and William of Orange

• Glorious Revolution in England led to a Bill of Rights, Parliamentary Legislation and the creation of a constitutional monarchy• News of the Glorious Revolution in the

colonies led to a series of rebellions against the colonial govts. of King James II• Colonial assemblies and self-government

in the colonies was restored after King James II was removed from power

KING WILLIAM’S WAR

• Series of colonial struggles between England and France•Most of the conflicts were fought on the frontier • English Board of Trade 1701- converted all charter and proprietary governments into royal colonies

BRITISH COLONIES

CONCLUSION

• Colonies were established for economic, political, and religious motives• Colonists often battled with Native Americans over land• Colonist were often left to govern themselves