plant taxonomy
DESCRIPTION
Plant Taxonomy. Objective 17.01. Introduction. Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying plants. Scientific names are necessary because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world. Latin is the language used for scientific classification. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Plant Taxonomy
Objective 17.01
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Introduction
• Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying plants.
• Scientific names are necessary because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world.
• Latin is the language used for scientific classification.
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Karl von Linne (1707-1778)• Swedish botanist• Developed binomial
classification scheme for plants.
• Uses two Latin words to indicate the genus and the species.
• Changed his name to the Latin name of Carolus Linnaeus.
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Scientific Names
• The first word is the genus and the second word is the species.
• If there are additional words, they indicate the variety or cultivar.
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Genus
• Plants in the same genus have similar characteristics.• Examples:– Quercus – Oaks– Acer – Maples– Pinus – Pines– Ilex – Hollies– Cornus – Dogwoods– Ficus – Figs
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Species
• Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same types.
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Scientific Classification
• The broadest category of scientific classification is the Kingdom.– Either Plant or Animal
• The broadest category of the plant kingdom is Division or Phylum.
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Scientific ClassificationKingdom
Phylum/Division
Class
Order
Suborder
Family
Genus
Species
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Divisions
• The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are….– Thallophites– Bryophytes– Pteriophytes– Spermatophytes
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Spermatophytes
• Includes flowering or seed-bearing plants.• The two subdivisions are….– Gymnosperms– Angiosperms
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Plant Characteristics
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Identifying Plants
• Physical characteristics are used to identify plants which include….– Life Cycle– Form– Foliage Retention– Plant Parts– Use & Location
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Life Cycle
• Annuals– Plants that complete their life cycle in one
year.• Biennials– Plants that complete their life cycle in
two years.• Perennials– Plants that live more than two years.
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Growth Habits
• Trees• Shrubs• Vines
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Growth Forms
• Columnar• Spreading• Weeping
• Round• Oval• Pyramidal
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Growth Forms
Spreading
Columnar
Weeping
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Growth Forms
Round Oval Pyramidal
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Foliage Retention
• Deciduous– Loses leaves during the dormant season.
• Evergreen– Keeps leaves and remains green year-round.
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Plant Parts – Leaf
• Arrangement• Shapes• Color• Vein Pattern• Form – Simple or Compound• Margin• Surface
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Leaf Arrangement – Simple
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Leaf Arrangement – Compound
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Leaf Shape
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Vein Pattern
• Pinnate• Palmate• Parallel• Dichotomous
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Leaf Margin
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Leaf Surface
– Glabrous– Pubescent– Villous– Tomentose
– Scabrous– Glaucous– Rugose– Glandular
• There are 8 common leaf surfaces.
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Leaf Surface – Glabrous
• The surface is smooth, not hairy.
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Leaf Surface – Pubescent
• Short, soft hairs cover the surface.
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Leaf Surface – Villous
• Long, straight hairs cover the surface.
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Leaf Surface – Tomentose
• Covered with wool-like hair.
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Leaf Surface – Scabrous
• Covered with short, prickly hairs.
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Leaf Surface – Glaucous
• Covered with a bluish-white waxy substance.
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Leaf Surface – Rugose
• Surface is wrinkly.
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Leaf Surface – Glandular
• Glands filled with oil or resin cover the surface.
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Plant Parts – Flowers
• Color• Shape• Size
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Plant Parts – Bud & Stem
• Shape & Color• Stem Modifications– Thorns– Spines– Prickles
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Plant Parts – Modified Stems
Thorn
Prickle Spine
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Plant Parts – Roots
• Tap• Fibrous• Bulb
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Plant Parts – Roots
Tap RootTuberous
Root
Fibrous Root
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Plant Parts – Fruit
• Cones• Nuts (Acorns)• Pomes (Apple)• Drupes (Peach)
• Brambles (Raspberries)
• Capsules (Willow)• Samara (Maple)
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Plant Parts – Fruit
Cones
Acorns
Pomes
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Plant Parts – Fruit
Drupes
Brambles
Capsules
Samara
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Use & Location
• Not absolute, but helpful.• Indoor or outdoor.• Altitude• Wet or dry• Hardiness Zone• Sun, partial shade, or shade.• Landscape purpose – specimen, border, etc.