Kingdom Plantae

Bryophytes (non vascular)

- mosses

Plant Kingdom

Tracheophytes (Vascular)

Seedless

- ferns

Seeds

- Most Plants

Alternation of Generations

Switching between sexual and asexual forms of reproduction in alternating generations

Ferns

Seed plants

Gymnosperms - pines - spruces - firs

Angiosperms

Monocots - grass - corn

Dicots - maple tree - rose

Gymnosperms

“naked seeds”

about 750 known species

seeds don’t have protective ovaries

conifers are most common

pines, firs, spruces

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

“flowering plants”

about 250,000 known species

two types:

monocots: lilies, grasses

dicots: maple trees, roses

Monocots vs. Dicots

Angiosperms (cont.)Flower= reproductive structure

Most pollination occurs by insects and other animals

sepals: protect flower before opening

petals: attract pollinators

stamens: “male” portion

carpels/pistils: “female” portion

Stamen

Made of:

anther: pollen production

filament: stalk; raises pollen up higher

Carpel/Pistil

Made of:

Stigma: sticky

Style: long tube

Ovary: contains ovules

Fruit

mature ovary

protect dormant seeds and aid in dispersal

SporophytePlant with flower

Produces microspores (form male gametophyte) and megaspores (form female gametophyte)

Pollen grain: immature male gametophyte

Each has two haploid cells

Ovules: develop in ovary

contain female gametophyte (embryo sac)

Embryo sac: Usually have 7 haploid cells