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Plant Nutrition Basics

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Nutrient Basics

C – H – O Natural Nutrients

N – P – K Macro Nutrients

Ca – Mg – S Secondary Nutrients

B – Cl – Co - Cu – Fe – Mo – Mn – Na – Ni - Si - Zn

Micro Nutrients

ANTAGONIZE

INTERACT

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Nutrient Interaction

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Nutrients v/s Soil pH

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Nutrient Mobility

Nutrient Mobility in Plants

Nutrient Mobility in Soils

• Nitrate Nitrogen• Sulfate Sulfur Boronvery mobile

• Ammonium Nitrogen• Calcium Molybdenum• Magnesium Potassium

moderately mobile

• Organic Nitrogen• Phosphorus Manganese• Copper Iron Zinc

immobile

• Nitrogen Phosphorus• Potassium Magnesiumvery mobile

• Copper Iron• Manganese Molybdenum• Sulfur Zinc

moderately mobile

• Calcium• Boronimmobile

* Except in chelated form

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Optimum Nutrition

LESSDeficiency !

MOREToxicity !

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Nitrogen

Deficiency

• Yellowing of older leaves at bottom of plant• Foliage overall is light green• Yellowing of stem & it becomes spindlyO

ptimum Concentration

• 0.5 – 6.0 %

Toxicity

• Dark green foliage• Susceptible to drought, diseases, insect invasion• Fruit & seed crop may fail to yield

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Phosphorus

Deficiency

• Small leaves may take on a reddish purple tint• Leaf tips can look burnt & older leaves look black• Reduced fruit or seed productionO

ptimum Concentration

• 0.15 – 0.5 %

Toxicity

• May cause micronutrient deficiency mainly Fe & Zn

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Potassium

Deficiency

• Older leaves may look scorched around edges or wilted

• Development of interveinal chlorosis (yellowing between leaf veins)

Optimum Concentration

• 0.8 – 8.0 %

Toxicity

• May cause secondary micronutrient deficiency mainly Ca & Mg

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Rice

Calcium

Deficiency

• New leaves are distorted or hook shaped

• The growing tip may dieOptimum Concentration

• 0.1 – 6.0 %

Toxicity

• May cause deficiency mainly K & Mg

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Magnesium

Deficiency

• Slow growth & leaves turn pale yellow, sometime on the outer edges

• New growth may be yellow with dark spotsOptimum Concentration

• 0.05 – 1.0 %

Toxicity

• Higher concentration tolerated by plant; however, imbalance with K & Ca may reduce growth

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Sulphur

Deficiency

• New growth turns pale yellow• Older growth stays green• Stunts growth

Optimum Concentration

• 0.1 – 1.5 %

Toxicity

• Premature dropping of leaves

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Boron

Deficiency

• Poor stem & root growth• Terminal buds may die• Witches brooms sometimes formO

ptimum Concentration

• 0.2 – 800 ppm

Toxicity

• Leaf tips become yellow followed by necrosis

• Leaves get a scorched appearance & later fall-off

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Copper

Deficiency

• Stunted growth • Leaves can become limp, curl or drop• Seed stalks also become limp & bend overO

ptimum Concentration

• 2.0 – 50 ppm

Toxicity

• No known toxicity symptoms

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Interveinal Chlorosis Rice

Iron

Deficiency

• Intervenial chlorosis of youngest leaves• Evolves into an overall chlorosis & end as

totally bleached leavesOptimum Concentration

• 20 – 600 ppm

Toxicity

• Possible bronzing of leaves with tiny brown spots

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Manganese

Deficiency

• Growth slows, younger leaves turn pale yellow, often starting between veins

• May develop dark or dead spots• Leaves, shoots & fruit get diminished in size, failure to bloom

Optimum Concentration

• 10 – 600 ppm

Toxicity

• Older leaves have brown spots surrounded by a chlorotic circle or zone

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Rice

Zinc

Deficiency

• Yellowing between veins of new growth

• Terminal leaves may form a rosetteOptimum Concentration

• 10 – 250 ppm

Toxicity

• May cause Fe deficiency in some plants

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Molybdenum

Deficiency

• Older leaves yellow, remaining foliage turns light green

• Leaves can become narrow & distortedOptimum Concentration

• 0.1 – 10 ppm

Toxicity

• No known toxicity symptoms

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Synopsis

Old & mature leaves

Chlorosis

Uniform over leaf, small leaves

Nitrogen

Sulphur if symptoms also on young leaves

Interveinal or blotchy Magnesium

Necrosis

Tip or edge scorch, interveinal

yellowing/browningPhosphorous

Interveinal or bloctchy, varying shades of color

Magnesium

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Synopsis

Young leaves

Chlorosis

Uniform over leafSulphur,

Iron

Leaf edges purple, interveinal

yellowing, cuppingSulphur

Interveinal or blotchy

Zinc, Manganese, Iron, Copper

Necrosis

Interveinal blotches and leaf edge

scorchingCalcium

Yellow to brown interveinal areas,

red to purple, curled, torn leaves

Boron

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Susceptibility

Food/ Crops Micronutrients Boron Copper Iron Manganese Molybdenum Zinc

Bananas M - - - - - Barley - H M M - M

Chick peas - - - - M - Coconuts M - - - -

Field beans - - H H M H Groundnuts H - H - M M

Maize M M - - M H Oats - H - H M -

Pigeon peas - - - - M - Potato M - - H - M Rice - - M M - H

Sorghum - M H H - H Soya Bean - - H H H H Sugar beet H M - H M

Wheat - H M H M M H – High Susceptibility M – Medium Susceptibility

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Reach us

Satyajit Chemicals Pvt Ltd306, Devavrata,Sector 17, Vashi,

Navi Mumbai 400703INDIA

Tel : +91-22-61331900 Fax : +91-22-61331999 info@satyajitchemicals.com