plant morphology
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Plant morphology](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102605/54969856b47959e85e8b459f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dr. EDEN V. EVANGELISTA
Philippine Normal University
Plants
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Seedless
Non vascular
MossLiverwort
Hornwort
Vascular
With seeds
Ferns
Lycopods
Psilophytes
SphenopsidaW/O Flowers W/ Flowers
Cycads Ginkgo
Conifers Gnetum
Monocots Dicots
Plant Kingdom
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Monocot
and
Dicot Plant
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Monocot Plant
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Dicot Plant
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Apical Meristem of Coleus
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Types of Roots
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Tap Root
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Fibrous Root
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Adventitious Root
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Root (Longitudinal section)
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Root hairs
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Monocot Root
(X section)
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Dicot Root (x section)
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Dicot Root
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Sweet Potato
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Adventitious
Roots
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Adventitious Roots
of Philodendron
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Pneumatophores
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Prop Roots
(Corn)
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Aerial Roots of Orchids
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Monocot Vascular Bundle
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Monocot Stem
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Monocot Stem
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Dicot Stem
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Vascular Bundle
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Phloem Xylem
Occurrence: Roots, stems and leaves Roots, stems and leaves
Additional Functions:Forms vascular bundles with xylem
Forms vascular bundles with phloem and givesmechanical strength to plant due to presence of lignified cells.
Elements:Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, bast fibers, intermediary cells
Tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma, xylem sclerenchyma
Nature of tissue: Living tissue Non living tissue at maturity
Movement: Bidirectional Unidirectional (upward)
Function:
Transportation of food and nutrients from leaves tostorage organs and growing parts of plant.
Water and mineral transport from roots to aerial parts of the plant.
Structure: Tubular with soft walled cells Tubular with hard walled cells
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Phloem is made of living sieve-tube elements that lack a nucleus, ribosomes, or vacuoles; their metabolic functions are provided by companion cells.
The end walls between cells (sieve plates) have pores for transport of sugars.
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T.S. Tilia sp. secondary growth outer layer
Dicot Stem
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Secondary Growth of
Stem
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Cypress stump said to be 2000 yrs old and around 100 ft high when cut
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Tubers are actually swollen portions of underground stems (stolons) and, have nodes, and buds.
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Rhizomes
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Corms are unlike stolons and rhizomes because they usually grow vertically, instead of lying horizontally. They're unlike tubers in that tubers are typically attached to the main plant by a slender rootlike part of the stem, a sort of umbilical cord, while corms constitute the below-ground "heart" of the plant, the part from which aboveground stems and leaves directly sprout.
Gladiolus
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Tendril: Modified Coiled Stem That Twines Around A Support
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Stolons are slender stem-branches running horizontally away from the main plant, either above or below ground.
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Water - Storing Stems specializing in storing water for the plant's use between rains
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Monocot and Dicot Venations
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Phyllotaxy
( leaf arrangement)
Opposite Alternate Irregular Whorled
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Simple Leaf
Netted Venation
Simple Leaf
Parallel Venation
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Palmate Leaf Palmate Leaf - Trifoliate
Pinnately Compound Pinnately Compound
Bipinnate
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Monocot Leaf
Bulliform Cells
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Dicot Leaf
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Stomatal impression of corn
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Bulbs
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Bulbs can be considered to be very short stems encased in thickened, fleshy bulb scales (which are modified leaves). As the drawing below shows, the two basic bulb types are layered and scaly:
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LAYERED BULBS are composed of a series of fleshy scales that form concentric rings when the
bulb is cut in cross-section.
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SCALY BULBS, such as the lily bulb have fleshy bulb scales, which are modified leaves loosely clustered around the stem base.
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Poinsettia
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Bougainvillea
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Mussaenda sp.
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Aloe
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Venus Fly Trap
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Pitcher Plant
- Nepenthes -
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Tendrils
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Kalanchoe
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Gumamela Flower – Hibiscus rosasinensis
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Cauliflower
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Dicot Flower Monocot Flower
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Rosa sp.
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Stargazer
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JadeVine
Stongylodon elmeri
LEGUMINOSAE
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Rafflesia arnoldii measuring up to 150 cm (42 inches)weighing up to 10kg
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Leafless when flowering
Amorphophallus sp.
![Page 118: Plant morphology](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102605/54969856b47959e85e8b459f/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Allium
![Page 119: Plant morphology](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102605/54969856b47959e85e8b459f/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Amorphophallus
Anthurium
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AnthuriumShows an open heart and hospitality
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Male flowers
Female flowers
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Dendrobium
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Caesalpinia
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Mimosa pudica
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Amherstia nobilis
Queen of the flowering plants
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Rice
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Types of Inflorescence
Raceme PanicleSpike
Umbel
Corymb
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Types of Inflorescence
Solitary
Head or Capitulum
Cyme
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Sunflower
Heliathus annuus
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These flowers can be classified into :Regular or Disc Florets-All petals have same size-They form the central disk of the capitulum in typical daisies-Usually surrounded by an outer ring of ray florets
Disc floret, typical for flowers of the Family AsteraceaeA. ovaryB. pappusC. thecaD. liguleE. style with stamen
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●Irregular or Ray Florets-Usually pistillate or sterile, and have three or fewer teeth on the extended portion of the corolla
Ray floret, typical for flowers of the Family AsteraceaeA. ovaryB. pappusC. thecaD. liguleE. style with stamen
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Puya raimondii Bolivian bromeliad
longest inflorescence
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Hypanthodium
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Fruits
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Pome
Drupe
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Samara
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Hesperidium
Berry
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Follicle
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Legume
Nuts
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Pea pod
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Placentation
Axial
Parietal
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Dry indehiscent fruit
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Multiple fruits - Nangka
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Coconut
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Caryopsis
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Pollen Grains
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Male gametophyte
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Stages of growth and development of the embryo
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1. Water – The testa ruptures when exposed to water
2. Oxygen – Required for respiration
3. Heat – suitable temperature required to stimulate germination
Seed germinationThree factors needed for seed germination:
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Thank You