plant cells, tissues, and systems
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Plant Cells, Tissues, and Systems. Sec C3.1 Unit C. Objectives. describe the specialized structures and functions of cells in the leaf system explain the transport system in plants relate a multi-cellular level of organization with cell, tissue, and system specialization . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Plant Cells, Tissues, and
SystemsSec C3.1
Unit C
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Objectives• describe the specialized structures and
functions of cells in the leaf system• explain the transport system in plants• relate a multi-cellular level of
organization with cell, tissue, and system specialization
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Multicellular vs Unicellular
• What are the advantages to having a large structure with lots of cells?
• Division of Labour• When a cell is specialized (performs
a particular function), it is more effective and efficient.
• A single-celled organism must multi-task (do many jobs).
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Multicellular vs Unicellular
• Size • The surface area to volume ratio and
related rate of diffusion restricts growth in unicellular organisms.
• Efficient transport systems within multicellular organisms allow for growth.
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Multicellular vs Unicellular
• Interdependence of Cells• A single-celled organism is
dependent on that one cell. • If a multicellular organism loses a
cell, the entire organism will not die. However, a cell not functioning properly (ex. cancerous) can cause problems for the rest of the organism.
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Plant Structure• Plants are multicellular: made of many parts, each
with its own function – organized in increasing complex levels of organization
• Tissues= group of cells performing same function together
• Organs= tissues contributing to same function• System= group of interconnected organs (two in
plants)• Shoot system everything above ground• Root system everything below ground and aerial
roots
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What about animals?• What are some examples of tissues,
organs and systems in humans?• Ex. Heart/cardiac tissue heart
circulatory system
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Do now• Find the definition/function associated
with each of the following terms (workbook - chart)
MeristemDermal tissue/epidermisCuticleGround tissueVascular tissueXylem tissuePhloem tissueSieve tube cellsCompanion cells
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How did you do?• Meristem- growth areas• Dermal tissue/epidermis- outer layer of
cells; responsible for exchange of matter and gases and protection
• Cuticle- waxy substance; resists attack and prevents water loss
• Ground tissue- majority of plant; strength and support (stem); food and water storage (roots); site of photosynthesis (leaves)
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How did you do?• Vascular tissue- transport of materials; xylem and
phloem• Xylem- moves water and minerals from roots to
leaves; thick, non-living, perforated cells• Phloem- transports sucrose and other sugars from
leaves to other parts; made of sieve cells• Sieve tube cells- form continuous ducts;
perforated• Companion cells- direct activity of sieve tube cells
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Plant Growth• Cells divide to grow and repair
damage. This cell division is called mitosis.
• In plants, increase in size results from the cell division in growth areas called meristems Rapidly
dividing cells - Cell walls thin, nuclei are large, vacuoles, small or absent
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Meristems• Onion root tip – note different stages of
mitosis (cell division)
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Specialization of Cells
• Once cells are no longer in the meristem, they will specialize• Produce products only for their
function
• The root and shoot systems are made up of 3 types of tissues:• Dermal Tissue (epidermis)• Ground Tissue• Vascular Tissue
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Types of Tissue• Dermal Tissue
• Outer layer of cells that covers all herbaceous (non-woody) plants.
• Responsible for exchange of matter and gases into and out of the plant.
• Also protects the plant from disease. This is done by the cuticle (waxy substance), which resists attacks from micro-organisms and helps reduce water loss.
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Types of Tissue• Ground Tissue
• Found underneath epidermis, it makes up majority of plant.
• Provides strength and support to the plant (stem).
• Involved in food and water storage (roots).
• Location of photosynthesis (leaves).
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Types of Tissue• Vascular Tissue• Responsible for transport of material,
which occurs in xylem tissue and phloem tissue
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Vascular Tissue - xylem
• Cells in xylem tissue allow transport of water
• Die when differentiate leaving empty tubes Long fibres in
celery are vascular tissue (both xylem and phloem)
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Vascular Tissue - phloem
• Phloem Tissue• Formed from long sieve tube
cells (no nuclei), which are connected with companion cells (nucleated) that direct activity.
• Transports carbohydrates and water from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
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Leaf Cross section
http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/forestbiology/photosynthesis.swf
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Vascular Tissue
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Vascular tissue
From: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4V0VcNCRKTo&feature=related at 4:14
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Vascular Bundles
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Sieve tubes
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More specialization: Roots
• Cells in root system will produce tiny hair-like projections called root hairs• Why is this beneficial for the
plant?• Increases the surface area for
absorption of water
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Root hairs
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Root hairs
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More …• Dermal cells in shoot system produce a
cuticle• Why is this beneficial?• Prevents water loss
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And last…• Lower epidermis in leaves have guard
cells• Form tiny pores called stomata for gas
exchange• Only cells with chloroplasts• Why is this important?• Photosynthesis!
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Leaf Cross section
http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/forestbiology/photosynthesis.swf
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Leaf Cross section• Can you indentify some of the
structures?
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How does water move up the plant?
• Gravity should pull water down – how does it move up from the roots to the leaves? How do all these specializations allow for this? Shall be investigating this in this section.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4rzLhz4HHk&feature=related