Plant &

Animal Life

CyclesUnit 4 Review

What do plants need to grow?

Soil (nutrients)

Water

Air (carbon dioxide)

Light

Space to grow

Four main plant

parts

1. Leaves

2. Roots

3. Stems

4. Flowers (eventually turn into

seeds)

Flower parts

You must know petal, pistil, and

stamen.

You must also know that the pollen

is located at the top of the stamen

and that seeds form at the bottom

of the pistil in the ovary.

The flower plays an important role

in the reproduction of the plant.

Pollination

Pollination is the process by with pollen gets moved from one plant to another.

Plants are mainly pollinated by:

Bees, butterflies, and other insects

Wind

Hummingbirds and other birds

Others small animals

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis – the process by which plants make their own food

What does the process of photosynthesis involve?

It involves the leaves using energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar (glucose) and oxygen. The plant releases the oxygen, but uses the sugar for food.

Where does photosynthesis mostly occur?

In the leaves!

What is the waste

product of

photosynthesis? Oxygen

How do leaves help

plants?

Make food through

photosynthesis

Water balance (either let water

out or keep water in)

Protection

Examples of edible leaves:

spinach, lettuce, basil, parsley

How do roots help plants?

Hold the plant in place.

Take in water and

nutrients from the soil.

Some types of roots, such

as taproots, hold food for

the plant.

Types of roots

Taproots are large roots

that grow deep in the soil

and store food for a plant.

Examples of taproots are

carrots and dandelions.

Fibrous roots look more

tangled and grow far into

the soil to reach water.

Most grasses have

fibrous roots.

You do not need the types of roots for the test!

How do stems help plants?

Support the plant

Transport (carry) food and water

Some help with survival

Examples – those with thorns and spines

Example of edible stems – celery, rhubarb

Grouping plants(Plants can be grouped by the kinds of parts they have).

Flowering plants

Includes deciduous trees that lose their leaves in autumn and grow new ones in

spring.

Grow flowers and seeds

When flowers get pollinated by things such as insects, birds, and wind, seeds form near

the center of the flower. A fruit often forms around the seeds to protect the seeds.

Coniferous trees

Reproduce with cones instead of flowers. Seeds are stored in the cones.

Most do not lose their leaves in autumn.

Their leaves usually look like needles.

How do new plants grow?

By scattering seeds:

By wind

By water

By fire

some types of pine cones need to be heated via forest fire to release seeds

Carried by animals on their fur or other body parts

Eaten and excreted by animals

By growing from a root or stem

Examples: Potatoes and carrots can grow from roots or root pieces.

Life cycle of a plant that grows from a

seed: Seed from a fruit gets

planted in soil on purpose or accidentally.

The seed germinates(starts to grow).

Young plant (seedling) -small leaves appear and begin making food.

The seedling grows into an adult plant that reproduces and makes new seeds.

Seed parts

Seed coat (protects)

Embryo (tiny new

plant)

Endosperm (food

store)

Seeds as food: Many seeds can be by people or animals as food. They are often

rich in nutrients. Examples of popular seeds that are eaten include sunflower

seeds and pumpkin seeds.

What can disrupt a

plant’s life cycle?

Pollution

Too little or too much

water

Too little sunlight

Lack of pollinators such

as bees or other animals

Vocabulary words

Organism – a living thing

Traits – physical features that offspring inherit from their parents

Pupa – the stage in which an insect changes from a larva to an adult

Metamorphosis – a series of major changes that some animals such as

butterflies go through

Life cycle – changes that happen in a certain order from the beginning of

plant and animal lives until the time they die

Complete vs. incomplete metamorphosis

Incomplete metamorphosis

Has 3 stages – egg,

nymph, adult

Example of an insect that

goes through it – cicada

Complete metamorphosis

Has 4 stages – egg, larva,

pupa, adult

Example of insects that go

through it – butterflies,

ladybugs

What stage is

the butterfly in

when it is in a

chrysalis?

Basic life cycle of

most animals

Birth – can hatch from eggs or

have live birth

Growth – during this stage

animals increase in size

Adult – reproduction occurs in

this stage

Death

Inherited traits

Siblings share at least one parent in common.

Parents pass traits to their offspring.

Offspring inherit traits from their parents.

Offspring can have traits that look more like their mothers or more like their fathers or a blend of both parents.

Examples of inherited traits in humans – hair color, eye color, etc.

Examples of inherited traits in plants – flower color, leaf shape,etc.