planning schemes

7/25/2019 Planning Schemes

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1. Urban Planning2. Education Planning3. Social and Cultural Planning4. Sports Planning5. Health Planning6. Rural Planning. !griculture in "ndia Planning#. $illage "ndustr% Planning&. "ndustr% Planning1'. (ouris) planning11. Real estate planning12. "n*rastructure planning13. "n*or)ation (echnolog% Planning14. +orest and en,iron)ent planning15. "n,est)ent and *inancial planning


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1. Urban Planning

Urban Planning in "ndia is slowly but steadily gaining pace. The rapid increase in urbanpopulation of India is the result of aggressive industrialization. According to reports, in 2001 thenumber of people lived in urban India was around 2! million.

In the last "0 years, there has been more than #!0$ of increment in the urban population and atthis rate, the pro%ection is around over "00 million by the end of year 2011 and !## million by theend of year 2021. &rban 'lanning in India too( a beating during the period from 1))1 to 2001 asthe number of metropolitan cities increased from 2# to #!. This in turn resulted in the shortage inhousing, drin(ing water supply, sewerage, health care center etc. *urther, this had led toincreased vehicular traffic, pollution, poverty, and social chaos, thus compromising the mainessence of urban life.

-e% +eatures * Urban Planning "n "ndia/0 &rban 'lanning in India includes +but is not confined to the following - Town planning egulation of land use for residential and commercial purposes /onstruction of buildings

'lanning for economic development 'lanning for social development /onstruction of roads /onstructions of bridges

ater supply for domestic use, industrial and commercial purposes 'ublic health care management ewerage, sanitation and solid waste management 'roper fire services

&rban forestation and maintenance 'rotection of environment through sustainable development 'romotion of ecological balance and maintenance afeguarding the interests of wea(er sections of society ffering proper infrastructural help to the handicapped and mentally retarded population

of the society rganized slum improvement 'hased removal or alleviation of urban poverty Increased provision of basic urban facilities li(e public urinals, subways, footpaths, par(s,

gardens, and playgrounds Increased public amenities including street lighting, par(ing lots, bus-stop and public

conveyances /ontinual promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects of the environment Increased number of burials, burial grounds, cremation grounds and electric crematoria 'roper regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries

Absolute prevention of 3 zero tolerance of cruelty to animals 'roper maintenance of population statistics, including registration of births and deaths

records.

Urban Planning in "ndiafunctions through mechanisms called &rban 4ocal 5odies or &45s.These &rban 4ocal 5odies are classified into four ma%or categories -

6unicipal corporations,

6unicipalities +6unicipal council, municipal board, municipal committee

Town area committees

7otified area committees


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In the year 1))1, there were around #2!! &rban 4ocal 5odies in the country. These &rban 4ocal5odies are responsible for providing and overseeing the maintenance of basic urbaninfrastructure and services in cities and other relevant areas.

2. Education Planning

Education Planning in "ndiais one of the essential areas of concern in all the *ive year 'lans inIndia. ith the onset of globalization and modernization in recent times, education at all levels isvery necessary if India is to outdo other nations.

ince the 1))0s, the Indian government has been emphasizing the need to develop education in"ndiaacross all levels - elementary, secondary, vocational, higher level, and technical. Towardsthis, the government has also formulated certain measures to increase adult literacy andcontinuing education among Indians.

Hindrances *or Education Planning in "ndia/

The ma%or problems of the Education Planning in "ndiaas far as analysts opine are as under8 high drop-out rates

low levels of learning achievement

low participation of girl students

inade9uate school infrastructure

teacher absenteeism rate high

large-scale teacher vacancies

inade9uate teaching3learning material

lac( of public involvement in provisioning of educational services

variation in the literacy rates for the pecial :roups of citizens

variation in inter-state literacy rates

Steps taen b% go,ern)ent in accelerating Education Planning in "ndia/

The central as well as the state governments have been emphasizing on the growth of educationat all levels. 6oreover there are ;istrict 4iteracy ocieties or


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3. Social and Cultural PlanningSocial and Cultural Planning in "ndiaaims at preserving the social and cultural heritage ofIndia. The 6inistry of /ulture strives to promote, preserve, and portray the art forms and diverseculture of India in a planned and organized manner.

The 6inistry has indulged in a number of promotional activities in order to support India?s culturalheritage which are enlisted below8

6aintaining archival libraries and records

Important 7ational personalities of the society are honored by observing centenaries andanniversaries in their name

/onservation and maintenance of archaeological sites and historical monuments

'romotion of museums and art e=hibitions 'romoting 5uddhist and Tibetan study institutions

5uilding relations with foreign countries

@arious autonomous bodies have been set up for promoting, disseminating, and preservingIndian culture. ome of them are8

:andhi mriti and ;arshan amiti +7ew ;elhi, 7ava 7alanda 6aha @ihara +5ihar,

a%a ammohan oy 4ibrary *oundation +ol(ata, ala(shetra *oundation +/hennai, 4alit ala A(ademi +7ew ;elhi, alar Bung 6useum +Cyderabad.

The :overnment of India has established some important Acts to facilitate social and culturalplanning in "ndiasuch as8

Ancient 6onuments and Archaeological ites and emains Act of 1)!

The Anti9uities and Art Treasures Act of 1)D2

The ;elivery of 5oo(s +'ublic 4ibraries Act of 1)!2

'ublic ecords Act of 1))#

As far as social planning in India is concerned, the 6inistry of ocial Bustice and >mpowermenthas played a significant role too. This 6inistry is focused in areas of8

ocial ;efense

chedule /aste elfare

elfare of disabled persons elfare of bac(ward class

:rants-in-Aid to 7:s

Bustice to wor(ers and employees

The chief aim of this 6inistry is to uplift the marginalized and to help them come to a position ofbeing self-reliant.

>fficient and considerate Social and Cultural Planning in "ndia is the need of the hour. It isthus, the prime duty of the :overnment as well as the general populace to wor( together instriving to ma(e India a premium destination for tourists across the world.


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4. Sports Planning

The 6inistry of Eouth Affairs and ports is playing a pivotal role for ports 'lanning in India.

The :overnment of India is in the process of including legislative guidelines in the Indian/onstitution with regard to sports. The ma%or responsibilities towards sports planning in Indiahave already been ta(en up by the ports 6inistry. The following are a list of suchresponsibilities8

4aunching of government schemes - elating to awards, events, anti-doping, incentives,state sports academies etc.

Ade9uate sports infrastructure

;eveloping various sports career opportunities for Indians - As offered by 7ationalInstitute of ports +'atiala, 4a(shmibai 7ational Institute of 'hysical >ducation +:walior,and 4a(shmibai 7ational /ollege of 'hysical >ducation +erala

Caving a proper database of sportsperson

>fficient coaching facilities

>mphasis on sport sciences li(e nutrition, psychology, medicines, and prohibited items

Anti-doping program - The :overnment of India has established anti-doping programsthrough an I certified ;ope /ontrol /enter having modern testing facilities. The7ational Anti-doping Agency is acting as an advisory board to The :I?s anti-dopingprogram.

The ape= sports coordinating body of the Indian :overnment (nown as ports Authority of India+AI was set up in 1)" with a view to build e=cellence in the career of sportsmen and

emphasize on efficient ports 'laning in India.

AI has facilitated the building of ! ma%or stadiums in the country which are8 Bawaharlal 7ehrutadium +7ew ;elhi, Indira :andhi tadium +7ew ;elhi, 7ational tadium +7ew ;elhi,Tal(atora wimming pool +7ew ;elhi, and ;r. arni ingh hooting anges +7ew ;elhi.

AI has introduced " schemes under its banner viz., pecial Area :ames +A:, 7ational portsTalent /ontest +7T/, AI Training /enters +T/, and Army 5oys ports /ompany +A5/.

Intelligent Sports Planning in "ndiais the (ey to setting up the stage for growth in the sportstalents in India where sportsmen belong to a varied range of sports disciplines - hoc(ey,weightlifting, archery, athletics, (abaddi, swimming, badminton, shooting, and volleyball.


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5. Health PlanningCealth 'lanning in India>stablishing health planning in India is a (ey to improving the health of the Indian 'opulation. The6inistry of Cealth and *amily elfare has been facilitating Cealth needs in India by establishingvarious schemes and organizations.The :overnment is conscious of the need for dynamic Indian health planning and management.Innovative healthcare and development programs are the need of the hour. *or this, ma%ororganizations li(e the 7ational AI; /ontrol organization have been established by the Cealth

6inistry. The areas to focus on in Cealth 'lanning have been laid down by the 6inistry?s 7ationalCealth 'olicy. ome of them are mentioned below8

Increasing Cealthcare programs8 To be implemented in various socio-economic settingsof different tates of India.

Increasing 'ublic Cealth infrastructure8 6ore hospitals, utdoor medical facilities,6edical e9uipments.

>fficient doctors and nurses8 To ensure minimum standards of 'atient care.

*amily 6edicine8 >stablishing more personnel for family healthcare.

4ow cost drugs and vaccines8 eeping in view of the possible globalization induced highcosts.

6ental health8 7eed for increase in hospitals and professionals.

Cealth research8 6edical innovation and specialization is needed.

;isease control8 6ore database needs to be collected in this regard in order treat andprevent diseases.

omen?s health8 Ade9uate access to public healthcare facilities is a necessity which inturn will improve family health as well.

4ist of 7ational Cealth 'rograms organized by the health ministry are8 7ational @ector 5orne ;isease /ontrol 'rogram +7@5;/' 7ational Iodine ;eficiency ;isorders /ontrol 'rogram, 7ational 4eprosy >radication 'rogram,

7ational 'rogram for /ontrol of 5lindness, 7ational *ilaria /ontrol 'rogram, 7ational 'rogram for 'revention /ontrol of ;eafness, 7ational /ancer /ontrol 'rogram 7ational Aids /ontrol 'rogram

&niversal Immunization 'rogram +TI A/T, 200!, evised 7ational T5 /ontrol 'rogram 7ational 6ental Cealth 'rogram.

ome more endeavors for health planning in India are 6edical Cealth ;ivision, Cospital ervices/onsultancy /orporation, /3T facilities, /entral :overnment Cealth chemes, 'revention offood adulteration, establishment of food and drug testing laboratories, 4... Institute ofTuberculosis and espiratory ;iseases, 7ational ural Cealth 6ission, etc.


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:ood health planning in India will enable the country to establish a Cealthcare system which willbe socially acceptable, medically sound, and cost-effective enough for every Indian.

6. Rural PlanningRural Planning in "ndiais an area of prime importance for the 6inistry of ural ;evelopment. Aspart of the 'lanning ob%ectives in India, ural 'lanning needs to reflect growth and social %ustice.

:rowth in the rural sector is the (ey to social and economic development of India.

The :overnment of India has stated its policy ob%ective as achieving ?amagra :ramin @i(as?which means catering to the basic necessities and demands of the rural scenario. Cence, the6inistry of ural ;evelopment has been playing a (ey role in organizing life improvementprograms and other schemes for the development of rural India.

The departments of the 6inistry of ural ;evelopment established to facilitate rural needs havebeen enlisted below8

;epartment of 4and esources-o 4and eforms ;ivision ando astelands ;evelopment ;ivision

;epartment of ural ;evelopment ;epartment of ;rin(ing ater upply

Rural Planning in "ndiais based on various issues. The chief areas of development include8 ural infrastructure habitant development

'overty reduction

'rovision of basic minimum service

>mployment generation

6a(ing available basic necessities

In order to meet these needs of rural India, the Indian :overnment had launched various ruralschemes. A brief description of those schemes has been given below8

Sa)poorna ra)in Rogar oana SR7/A self employment program for the rural

people in which all necessary financial help, infrastructure, training, etc is given Rural Housing "ndira !8aas oana7/ A former sub-scheme of ural 4andless

>mployment :uarantee 'rogramme, IAE facilitates the construction of houses for therural homeless and deprived. The vision is to establish pucca houses for all by the arrivalof the 11th 'lan.

Pradhan 9antri ra) Sada oana P9S7/ A scheme aiming at increasingconnectivity to unreached rural areas with a population of minimum !00 and hilly anddesert areas having a population of minimum 2!0.

(raining Sche)es/ Institutions li(e 7I; have ta(en up endeavours in training,seminars, wor(shops, and international programs.

ther programs and schemes facilitating rural planning are


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o Accelerated ural ater upply 'rogramme,o Bawahar :ram amridhi Eo%ana +B:E,o ;rought 'rone Areas 'rogramme +;'A', ando Integrated astelands ;evelopment 'rogramme +I;'.

Rural Planning in "ndiahas indeed become an integral part of the development of the country?s

economy and the 6inistry of ural ;evelopment is playing a pivotal role in this regard.

. !griculture in "ndia Planning

!griculture in "ndia Planningis one of the ma%or factors for the growth of the Indian economywhich is still primarily agrarian.

Agriculture is the most important sector in India. As the Indian economy is mainly based onagriculture, the annual output of products from the agricultural sector is an important factor in thegrowth of the economy. Agriculture also has a crucial role to play in Indian e=ports, where it has asignificant contribution. 6any of the industries in India are dependent on agriculture for rawmaterials. o, without agriculture and agriculture-based products, the Indian economy cannotsustain or accelerate its growth rate.

!griculture Planning in "ndia is a very important tool to enhance and ma=imize the totalagriculture based produce. The planning in agriculture is mainly loo(ed after by the 'lanning

/ommission of India which operates and e=ecutes under the aegis of the government of India.Agriculture in India planning ta(es into account all factors that are related to the rural sectorwhere most of Indian agriculture originates. The sole ob%ective of the 'lanning /ommission interms of Agriculture 'lanning in India is to enhance the total output of agriculture and boost theeconomic growth of the country.

The ma%or ob%ectives under !griculture in "ndia Planning8 astelands and underutilized lands to be utilized

;evelopment and reclamation of problematic lands

Carvesting the abundant rainwater for the purpose of irrigation

Irrigation development

&tility and conservation of natural resources

The activities to be diversified to high value crops The intensity of cropping to be increased

To have ade9uate inputs on time

Area of e=pansion under !griculture in "ndia Planning8 Improvement in production

Improvement in productivity

eduction in the cost of production

Improvement in 9uality of the produce

@alue additions


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'romoting mar(eting and e=ports of the produce

;evelopment in Cuman resource

'rovision of proper storage facilities li(e store houses and warehouses

The pro%ections under the !griculture in "ndia Planning8 :rowth in the Indian Agriculture is based on resources being used efficiently and

conservation of natural resources :rowth must be e9ual in all the levels of the society including the farmers

:rowth will be demand and e=port oriented

:rowth will be due to the technological advancements

:rowth rate is pro%ected to be more than "$

#. $illage "ndustr% Planning

$illage "ndustr% Planning in "ndia and its subse9uent development are predicated to a largee=tent upon the development of India?s D00-million strong rural population. @illage Industry'lanning in India is drafted according to the needs of rural India since ma%ority of the populationlives in around F00,000 small villages of India.

This section of the Indian population is primarily engaged with occupations that are directly orindirectly lin(ed with agriculture. A substantial portion of India?s current agricultural labor force hadto move to non-agriculture sectors for ma(ing a livelihood. The challenge for $illage "ndustr%

Planning in "ndiais to manage the transition of 0$ of the rural population from a village-centric,agricultural-based economy to a industry-based village economy.

As a part of $illage "ndustr% Planning in "ndia the retarding factors for the development ofindustries in Indian villages were identified, as follows8

A set of basic facts define the constraints within which the economic growth anddevelopment of India?s rural population must be addressed. *undamentally, they relate toresource constraints, the nature of infrastructure, and the future tra%ectory of thegeographical distribution of the population.

Infrastructure investment is irregular and inade9uate to support India?s F00,000 villagesand the average cost of providing infrastructure is inversely related to the scale of theoperation.

4imitations in the financial and other resources available for providing infrastructure made

it impossible to provide infrastructure at every village in India and even if they were, itwould not have been commercially sustainable.

The basic geographical structure of population distribution will change once India shiftsfrom being an agriculture-based country to an industry-based nation.

The 6inistry of ural Infrastructure, :overnment of India and the 'lanning /ommission of Indiaaim at $illage "ndustr% Planning in "ndiaand its development on the following lines -

Irrigation

oads

Cousing


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ater upply

>lectrification

Telecommunication /onnectivity

*urther, they have launched the G5harat 7irmanG scheme for the development of ruralinfrastructure. 'lans proposed for the development of industries in Indian villages are -

To connect FF,00 habitations with population over 1000 with all weather roads To construct 1"F,000 (m of new rural roads

To upgrade and modernize 1)",000 (m of e=isting rural roads

Total investment of :1D",000 crore envisaged under G5harat 7irmanG, investment on ruralroads estimated to be at :",000 crore.

To provide corpus of :,000 crore to ural Infrastructure ;evelopment *und +I;*.

$illage "ndustr% Planning in "ndiato encourage further development of - 'oultry farming

*ishery

ericulture

Aviary

Candicrafts Te=tile designing

'ottery

*ood products

&. "ndustr% Planning

&ntil the early 1))0s, "ndustr% in "ndia Planningwas in a state of sorry affairs. 5y the end of1)0s, the Indian industry was a protected and strictly regulated sector. 5ut the period from1))0s was mar(ed with speedy reforms and their subse9uent successful implementation.The :overnment too( measures which were more rational than previous ones. Although s(eptics

had their reservations, the trend was clearly towards that of globalization and liberalization thatwere effecting sweeping changes in the world economy.

*urther, "ndustr% in "ndia Planning is now more focused on areas li(e improving the urbaninfrastructure, ensuring fair competition and access to mar(ets, reduction of import duties, 9ualityimprovements in vocational and higher education, increased investment in H;, and support of6>s. :overnment leaders, e=perts, and researchers are striving towards ma(ing the Indianindustry globally competitive and to being about a sustained growth which would contributesignificantly to :;' growth, employment generation, and overall economic development. Indianindustrial policy also aims to identify factors hampering industrial growth and see(s to redressthese factors.

A brief summary of "ndustr% in "ndia Planningin all ! year plans, are as follows -

The first four !-year plans involved a total public sector disbursement of :#1".1 billion.The first plan prioritized agriculture and power pro%ects.

The second plan focused on new industrial policy, rapid industrialization and envisaged2!$ increase in national income The third plan targeted rapid industrialization, with2".F$ outlay on transport and communications and 20.1$ on industry and minerals.

The fourth plan stressed on agriculture and allied sectors and received around 2D$,while industry and minerals outlay was 1.!$, transport and communications stood at1."$, and power development at 1D.$.

The fifth plan envisaged removal of poverty and the attainment of self-reliance. A totalspent of : #)#.2 billion was allocated, and actual e=penditures amounted to : #)".2billion.


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The si=th plan targeted developmental plans and the pro%ected outlays amounted to :)D!billion.

The seventh plan pro%ected !$ overall :;' growth +which was surpassed based onincreases of "$ in agricultural and and $ industrial output. And spent amounted to :1,00 billion.

The eighth development plan laid the foundation for long-term economic gains. The

eighth plan was a grand success and economic growth rose to F$ a year, generatedmore employment, poverty was curtailed, e=ports increased many folds, and inflationdeclined substantially.

The ninth plan witnessed overall stupendous improvement in the :;' growth rate froman average of about !.D$ to about F.1$ The Tenth 'lan envisages -

o 6ore investor friendly fle=ible economic reformso /reation of congenial investment environmento >ncourage private sector involvemento etting up state-of-the-art infrastructureo /apacity building in industryo /orporate transparencyo 6obilizing and optimizing all financial resourceso Implementation of friendly industrial policy instruments

1'. (ouris) planning

(ouris) planning in "ndiastarted 9uite late with the first tourism policy being announced by the:overnment of India in 7ovember, 1)2 after tourism was recognized as an industry by the'lanning /ommission of India in Bune, 1)2.

In Buly, 1)F the 'lanning /ommission of India set up the 7ational /ommittee on Tourism inorder to formulate plans for this sector. The government?s initiatives of incorporating a plannedtourism sector in India went a long way in boosting Indian tourism.

In 6ay, 1))2 the 7ational Action 'lan for tourism was announced. The ob%ectives of this landmar(plan for touris) planning in "ndiawere8

To improve the economy category domestic tourism

To develop the tourist areas socially and economically To preserve the environment and the national heritage

To encourage international tourism

To improve in world tourism India?s share

To increase opportunities for employment in this sector

"ndia touris) planningincreased with the seventh five year plan India +1)!-1)). The variouspolices advocated by the seventh plan for touris) planning in "ndiaare8

To promote aggressively domestic tourism

It laid stress on creating more beach resorts


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To conduct conferences, tre((ing, conventions, and winter sports so that various optionsare available to the foreign tourists

These polices of the seventh five year plan gave a boost to the tourism planning India. To furtherencourage touris) planning in "ndia, the eighth five year plan +1))2- 1))D mentioned that theprivate sector should increase its participation in the sector. The various polices advocated by the

eighth plan for tourism planning in India are8 To develop the tourists places

To develop winter sports, beach resort, and wildlife tourism

To restore the pro%ects of national heritage

To provide in tourists centers economy class accommodation

(ouris) planning in "ndiahas increased by leaps and bounds in the last few years and thegovernment and ;epartment of Tourism needs to ma(e continuous efforts to ensure that touris)planning in "ndiata(es the tourism sector of the country to greater heights on a sustainablebasis.

11. Real estate planning

Real estate planning in "ndia has been introduced as a separate chapter by the 'lanning/ommission of India in the tenth five year plan +2002-200D.The chapter on "ndia Real Estate planning covers shopping malls, residential townships,multiple=es, entertainment centers, hotels, factories, and industrial building as activity related toreal estate. The real estate sector is one of the fastest growing sectors of India and providesmany employment opportunities as well. 6ore than 2!0 industries indirectly or directly depend onthe Indian real estate industry.

The Indian real estate sector contributes F.!$ to the country?s :;'. This shows the importanceof the real estate sector in the Indian economy. This is the reason that the government of India isma(ing more efforts in order to organize this industry which is at present largely unorganized. Inorder to increase planning of real estate in India, the 7ational 5uilding rganization has been setup. This is an agency which is under the Cousing and 'overty Alleviation 6inistry of India.

According to the Indian 'lanning /ommission, around F1. million people lived in urban slums in2001. This means that there is need millions of houses with basic civic facilities. In the "ndianreal estate planning, a 7ational Cousing and Cabitat 'olicy- 200F had been formulated, whichaimed at providing shelter for all slum-dwellers by 2010. &nder this policy, the government plansto provide 2 million dwelling houses per year. All these plans have given a ma%or boost to realestate planning in "ndia.


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The planning of real estate in "ndiahas increased in recent years for it have been found that thema%ority of people are evading ta=es related to real estate. The government of India plans toma(e the ta= regime more rationalized in this sector, so that the evasion of ta=es becomes less.

Real estate planning in "ndiahas begun only recently. The government needs to ma(e diligentefforts to ensure that this sector grows and realizes it full potential in the near future

12. "n*rastructure planning"n*rastructure in "ndia planningis a recent development which was ushered in with the settingup of the committee on infrastructure +/oI on #1st August, 200". A sub-committee has also beenset up on 1Fth 6ay, 200! in order to assist the committee and its functioning.

The various ob%ectives of the committee on infrastructure for in*rastructure planning in "ndiaare8

To ma(e polices that lead to the creation of infrastructure that is of world class standard

To monitor the progress of the various infrastructure pro%ects in order to see that they are

completed on time To ma(e such polices that ma=imize the private- public partnership role in the

infrastructure field

The various sectors in which the committee on infrastructure is planning in*rastructure in "ndiaare8

'orts

Cighways

'ower

ailways


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Telecoms

Airports

The "ndia in*rastructure planning has ta(en place in various sectors of which portsinfrastructure planning deserves a special mention. A program called the 7ational 6aritime;evelopment had been launched under which over s !0,000 crore will be invested in order to

develop the ports infrastructure. All the 12 ma%or ports in the country will be developed so thatthey attain international 9uality standards. In India, the planning of infrastructure has also beendone in the highways sector. The golden 9uadrilateral, which is !,)00 (m long, is beingdeveloped as a four-lane pro%ect. The 7orth-outh >ast-est +7> corridor is also a four-lanepro%ect and is e=pected to be concluded by ;ecember, 200). In the power sector, the planning ofinfrastructure India has also been done.

"n*rastructure planning in "ndiahas been done in the railways sector. ith an investment of :22,000 crore, freight corridors are to be built in the eastern and western routes. Infrastructure inIndia planning has also been done in the telecom sector. In the airport sector of the infrastructureplanning in India, significant development is also being made. In Cyderabad and 5angalore,international green field airports are coming up and the 6umbai and ;elhi airports are also beingmodernized.

"n*rastructure in "ndia planninghas led to the modernization of the country and has also givena boost to the Indian industry.

13. "n*or)ation (echnolog% PlanningThe robust growth of the India IT Industry can be attributed to meticulous "n*or)ation(echnolog% Planning in "ndia. In fact, the "n*or)ation (echnolog% Planning in "ndiawas so

aggressive and accurate that no other Indian industry could rival or better the performance of theIndian Information Technology industry.

The master control of "n*or)ation (echnolog% Planning in "ndiais in the hands of ;epartmentof Information Technology which aims to ma(e the Indian IT industry, a :lobal IT uper 'ower by200 and bring the benefits of electronics to every wal( of life. *urther, "n*or)ation (echnolog%Planning in "ndiais drafted to enhance creation of wealth, employment generation, and IT ledeconomic growth. According to sources, annual revenue pro%ections for Indian IT sector in 200are & D billion and mar(et openings are emerging across " broad sectors - IT services,software products, IT enabled services, and e-businesses, thus creating a number ofopportunities for Indian companies. All these segments have opportunities in foreign and as well


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as in domestic mar(ets. ith the formation of a new ministry for IT, the :overnment of India+:I has ta(en ma%or steps towards promoting the Indian IT industry. It has ta(en steps topromote angel investors, venture creators, and incubation to promote further growth of the ITindustry in India.

"n*or)ation (echnolog% Planning in "ndiahas ta(en ma%or steps to promote -

>lectronics and hardware manufacturing Increased budget for H; activities

'rotection of Intellectual 'roperty ights related to Information Technology industry

trengthening Indian /yber law

Arrest random use of pirated version of software products

*easibility of software patenting

Increase '/ penetration

Increase utilization of Internet

;omestic software mar(et growth consolidation

;evelopment of local language softwares

Ta= holidays

&se of Information Technology to increase productivity

&se of Information Technology as a means of generating employment Increment of technical wor( force

Increase in number and 9uality of training facilities

>ncouraging IT education

"n*or)ation (echnolog% Planning in "ndiasources estimates - Information Technology services will contribute over D.! $ of the overall :;'

Information Technology product e=ports will account for #!$ of the total e=ports withpotential for 2.2 million %obs in IT by 200

Information Technology industry will attract *oreign ;irect Investment +*;I of &.. "-!billion 6ar(et capitalization of Information Technology shares will be around &.. 22!billion

The Indian IT sector is a (nowledge-based industry and it will help ta(e the Indian economy to a newhorizon and further change the scenario of Indian IT industry, fueling India?s economic growth

14. +orest and en,iron)ent planning+orest and en,iron)ent planning in "ndiabegan in the 1)D0s, after the Cuman >nvironment/onference at toc(holm which was held by the &nited 7ations. It was after attending thisconference that the government of India became aware of issues relating to environment.

As a result, the 7ational /ommittee on >nvironmental 'lanning and /o-ordination +7/>'/ hadbeen set up by the government. *orest and environment planning in India includes survey andconservation of the fauna, flora, forests, afforestation, and control and prevention of pollution.

&nplanned urbanization, industrialization, and deforestation have resulted in the degradation of


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the soil, forests, and water resources. These have also led to environmental pollution. It was tochec( all these phenomena that the Indian government felt the need for planning of forest andenvironment in India. The Indian 'lanning /ommission emphasized environmental issues in thefourth and fifth five year plans. In the mid 1)0s, the 6inistry of environment and *orests +6o>*was established by the government of India in order to plan the environment and forests in India.This agency plans, promotes, and implements programs which are related to forestry andenvironmental conservation.

The government has set up various offices, independent agencies, and institutions in order toimplement *orest and en,iron)ent planning in "ndia . There are over 1 la(h forest managementcommittees +*6/ at the village level. These committees aim at regenerating 22 million hectaresof forests. The 7ational *orest 'olicy has also been formulated by the India government toencourage the planning of environment and forest in India. This policy encourages people toinvolve themselves in the regeneration, protection, management, and development of thedegraded forests of India.

15. "n,est)ent and *inancial planning in "ndiahas been successful to a very large e=tent, as isevident from the fact that in the present scenario, India is the !th largest economy of the world.

The mar(et in India offers very high potential for earning and growth in all the spheres ofbusiness. All this has been possible due to the proper *inancial and in,est)ent planning in"ndia. The 6inistry of finance regulates all the investment and financial planning in India. It is thisministry that formulates all the rules and regulations that are to be followed for financialinvestment in the country.

The 7ational /ommon 6inimum 'rogram was formulated by the government of India, for


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planning investments and finances in India. This program had identified certain sectors whichmust be given more emphasis in order to boost investments and economic growth of the country.The 7ational development council is an agency which had been set up by the Indian governmentin order to boost financial and investment planning in India.

The Indian 'lanning /ommission, in the "th and !th five-year plans, has implemented investmentand financial planning in India in such a manner that it has given huge amounts of resources tothe states. 5ut in the )th and 10th five year plans, this financial assistance given to the states hasbeen cut down sharply.

In the planning o* *inance and in,est)ent in "ndia, the )th five year plan did not lay down adefinite investment pattern. ;ue to this it was not possible to gauge the investment re9uirementsin the various sectors, the amount of investment that was li(ely to ta(e place, and the sectors thatwill have insufficient or e=cess of funds.

In the 10th five year plan in India, investments had to be cut by 12.!$ in important areas li(emanufacturing, agriculture, and power due to constraints in resources. Cowever, it cannot bedenied that "n,est)ent and *inancial planning in "ndia has helped the country to groweconomically.


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"ntegrated ;e,elop)ent o* S)all and 9ediu) (o8ns ";S9(7 The /entrally-sponsored cheme of "ntegrated ;e,elop)ent o* S)all and 9ediu) (o8ns

";S9(7 8ere initiated in the Si and =prosperit%0pull> factors coupled with thee=pectations that cities offer diverse opportunities for %obs and better living conditions areprimarily responsible for this.

In addition, there are =prosperit%0push> conditionsJ leading to surplus labour due tomodernization of agricultural practices.

The I;6T chemeJ by strengthening small and medium towns as regional growth centers aimsat reducing )igration to large and )etropolitan cities.

Through the establishment of complementary, lin(ages between villages, towns and cities, itenvisages a harmonious pattern of settlements.

(he becti,es o* the ";S9( Sche)e are/ ")pro,ing in*rastructural *acilitiesand helping in small and medium towns having potential to

emerge as regional centers of economic growth and employment, thereby reducing the incentivesfor people belonging to rural and smaller urban areas to migrate to bigger cities and towns for

%obs. ;ecentraliing econo)ic gro8th and e)plo%)ent opportunities and promoting dispersed

urbanization while ta(ing due advantage of the functional interlin( ages between villages, townsand cities through a regional planning approach.

"ncreasing the a,ailabilit% o* ser,iced sites *or housing? co))ercial and industrial uses

and promoting the principles of planned and orderly spatial development. "ntegrating spatial and socio0econo)ic planning as envisaged in the /onstitution +D"th

Amendment Act 1))2 Preparing andi)ple)enting (o8n@Cit% ;e,elop)ent Plans. Pro)oting resource0generating sche)esfor the urban local bodies to improve their overall

financial position and ability to underta(e long-term infrastructure development programmes on

their own as well, as to repay the borrowed capital and usher in necessary municipal reforms.C$ER!E I;6T will be applicable to towns3cities with population upto ! la(hs sub%ect to the stipulation that

about 13#rd of the total amount available each year for the cheme as a whole - will be allocatedto towns with less than !0,000 population. Towns are categorized for the purpose of assistanceunder I;6T as follows8

Population Categor%

4ess than 20,000 A20,000- !0,000 5


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!0,000- 1,00,000 /1,00,000- #,00,000 ;#,00,000 K !,00,000 >

I;6T will not be applicable to towns covered under the 'rime 6inisterLs "ntegrated UrbanPo,ert% Eradication Progra))e "UPEP7

The I;6T cheme will be applicable to only those towns where elections to the local bodieshave been held and elected bodies are in position.

In the selection of towns having potential for development as regional growth centers underI;6T preference will be given to head9uarters of districts followed by mar(et towns andindustrial growth centers +identified by the 6inistry of Agriculture and Industries respectivelytourist places, pilgrim centers etc. hile the cheme will not cover the industrial estates.

"ntegrated Urban de,elop)ent Progra))es "U;P7/ The scheme is implemented by the &rban 4ocal 5odies and the funds are routed through the

;irectors of &rban 4ocal 5odies. &nder the tate :overnment supported scheme 6unicipalities and Town 'anchayats are entitled

for financial assistance for emunerative schemes such as bus stand? shopping co)ple


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o "ntegrated ;e,elop)ent o* S)all and 9ediu) (o8ns ";S9(7 and

o !ccelerated Urban ater Suppl% Progra))e !USP7which are already ine=istence and which aim at planned urban infrastructural improvement in towns and citiesunder its purview

The ub-6ission for "ntegrated Housing and Slu) ;e,elop)ent Progra))e "HS;P7administered by 6inistry of Cousing H &rban 'overty Alleviation +6C&'A was envisaged andbrought into effect in 1))#-)" in accordance with providing the entire population with safe andade9uate water supply facilities. 'rogram mainly implemented in towns having population lessthan 20,000 as per 1))1 /ensus M

9ission becti,es/

*ocused attention relating to in*rastructural ser,ices in the conte


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&rban age >mployment 'rogramme +&>' see(s to provide wageemployment to the urban poor by utilizing their labor for creation of durableassets.

o Urban Sel*0E)plo%)ent Progra))e USEP7.

&nder urban elf->mployment programme, assistance is provided to the urbanpoor for establishing income-generating units by providing them subsidy P 1!$of the 'ro%ect cost.

This component of the programme also envisages ;evelopment of omen H/hildren in &rban Areas +;/&A and formulation of Thrift and /redit ocieties.

"ndira !8aas oana "!7 Indira Awaas Eo%ana, which used to be a component of Bawahar ozgar Eo%ana became an

independent scheme from Banuary, 1))F. Its ob%ective is construction of free houses to members of the cheduled /astes3cheduled

Tribes, freed bonded laborers in rural areas and also to non-/3T rural poor people, living belowpoverty line.

5eneficiaries are selected from the 5elow 'overty 4ine +5'4 list approved by the :rama abha.o Atleast F0$ of the total IAE allocation during a financial year should be utilized for

construction of /3T 5'4 households.o A ma=imum of "0$ of allocation is for non-/3T 5'4 rural households.

#$ should be allocated for differently abled persons within the above categories. :overnment of India has also as(ed the tates to earmar( 1!$ of the houses to

beneficiaries from amongst minorities. The &nit cost of each house as fi=ed by :overnment of India is s."!,0003-

o which is shared between the /entre and tate at the ratio of D!82!o the /entre gives s.##,D!03- and the tate contributes s.11,2!03-o 5esides, the :overnment of Tamil 7adu gives an additional amount of s.#0,0003-

towards the cement concrete roofing of the house thus ma(ing the unit cost ass.D!,0003- in our tate till 2010-11.

o The tate :overnment have increased the // roofing cost from s.#0,0003- tos.!!,0003- from this year.

o Thus, the unit cost of the house constructed under this scheme has been increased froms.D!,0003- to s.1 la(h in Tamil 7adu.

The :rama abha is empowered to select the beneficiaries under the scheme. The allotment of the dwelling units should be in the name of the female member of the beneficiary

household or alternatively, in the name of both husband and wife. Toilets will be constructed in all the houses dovetailing funds from Total anitation /ampaign. The construction of the house is the responsibility of the beneficiary. ;uring 2011-12, it is proposed to construct 1,00,!!# IAE houses at an estimated cost of

s.100!.!# crores, out of which the tate :overnmentLs contribution alone comes to s.FFF.1Fcrores +FF.2! $

planning schemes

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