planning for water (2009) contemporary planning issues

8/6/2019 Planning for Water (2009) Contemporary Planning Issues

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Contemporary

Planning

IssuesAppliedLandUsePlanning

GovernmentStudies

UniversityofAlberta

Contemporary Planning Issues March 19, 2009

Applied Land Use Planning 1


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Housekeeping Welcome

Emergencies(ExitsandMuster)

Washrooms

CourseLength Breaks/Lunch

Cellphones

StudentDiscretion

Examination/Grading Introductions

OtherInstructors DarwinDurnieandAlfDurnie




3/144

ContemporaryPlanningIssues TheAppliedLandUsePlanningCertificateProgram

(ALUP).TheALUPprograminvolvesthecompletionofaminimumofthirteencoursesofuniversitylevelinstructioninthetheory,tools,techniquesandpolicesofsoundlanduseplanning.

The goalofthiscourseistoaddresscontemporary

planning

issues

with

an

introduction to

the

important

rolethatadequatewatersuppliesandwastewatermanagementplayincontemporaryplanning.




4/144

Contemporary

Planning

IssuesAppliedLandUsePlanning

GovernmentStudies

UniversityofAlberta




5/144

ContemporaryPlanningIssues Thiscoursewilladdressthreeareasofcontemporary

planning:

AlbertaLanduseFrameworkasitappliesto

cumulative

effects

specifically

dealing

with

water

andwastewater.

Regionalwaterandwastewaterplanning.

PrivateSewageTreatment




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LandUseFramework(LUF)Contemporary Planning Issues March 19, 2009



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AlbertaLandUseFramework

TheLanduseFrameworkushersinaneweraofstewardshipforAlbertasair,land,waterandwildlife,

Itensuresthatthedevelopmentofourresourceswillberesponsibleandsustainable.

TedMorton

SustainableResourceDevelopmentMinister




10/144

SustainableDevelopment

Sustainable Development meets the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.1

1987 Brundtland Commission

2




11/144

AlbertaLandUseFramework Developsixregionallanduseplansbasedonsixnewlanduse

regions. CreateaCabinetCommitteesupportedbyaLanduse

SecretariatandestablishaRegionalAdvisoryCouncilforeachregion.

Developastrategyforconservationandstewardshiponprivateandpubliclands.

Establishaninformation,monitoringandknowledgesystemto

contributetothecontinuousimprovementoflanduseplanninganddecisionmaking.

Inclusionofaboriginalpeoplesinlanduseplanning.

Cumulativeeffectsmanagementwillbetheinstrumentusedat

theregionalleveltomanagetheimpactsofdevelopmentonland,waterandair.




12/144

AlbertaLandUseFramework AnewstrategytheEfficientUseofLandtoreduce

thehumanfootprintontheland.

Newnamesfortheplanningregionsthatwouldrepresentthemajorwatershedstobetterreflect

integratedlanduseandwatershedplanning. Anewprioritylegislationtosupporttheframework,

includingregionallanduseplanning.

Anewregion theRedDeerRegion tobetteraddresssouthernAlbertassignificantpopulation,itsnumberandsizeofmunicipalities,andthediversityofits

landscapes.




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DevelopmentOfficersViewNorthern Alberta: Extremely low-density,

Resource-based uses(Forestry/Bitumen)

Grand Prairie: Medium Density Resource-based, Residential/Industrial

Ft. McMurray: Low density ResidentialResource-based uses(Bitumen extraction),Residential/Industrial HighDensity Industrial

Rockies: Recreational/ResidentialCorridor: High density Residential,

Commercial and IndustrialPrairies: Low density residential and

High density AgriculturalSouthern Alberta: Medium density Residentialand Agriculture




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AlbertaLandUseFramework




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17/144

HistoryofWater/Wastewater

Planning About70%oftheearthiscoveredinwater.3

Thetotalamountofwaterintheworldisapproximately1.4 billionkm3,ofwhich97.5%issaltwaterand2.5%isfreshwater.4

Ofthe35 millionkm3 offreshwateronearth,about24.4 millionkm3 arelockedupintheformofglacialice,permafrost,orpermanentsnow.

Groundwaterandsoilmoistureaccountfor10.7 millionkm3.4 Freshwaterlakesandmarshlandsholdabout0.1 millionkm3.Rivers,themost

visibleformoffreshwateraccountfor0.002 millionkm3 oraboutlessthan0.01%ofallformsoffreshwater.4

Ninetyninepercentofsurfacefreshwaterbyvolumeisinlakesandonlyonepercentinrivers.5

Brazilisthecountrywiththemostrenewablefreshwater.CanadaisthirdafterRussia.4

EnvironmentCanadaWebsite1




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FivethousandyearsagosettlementsintheIndusValleywerebuiltwithpipesfor

watersupplyandditchesforwastewater.AthensandPompeii,likemostGreco

Romantownsoftheirtime,maintainedelaboratesystemsforwatersupplyanddrainage.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasingly

remotesources,

leadingtosophisticatedengineeringefforts,suchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipes

andwellbuiltsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperperson

asisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

Duringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Thankstoimprovedsewersystems,waterrelateddiseasessuchascholeraandtyphoid,onceendemicthroughouttheworld,havelargelybeenconquered

inthe

more

industrial

nations.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseofthe

expansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40percentoftheworld'sfood.

Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.6

PeterGleick




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HistoryofWater/Wastewater

Planning




20/144

AqueductsRoman&Modern

7




21/144

London

1853

1854

Cholera

Epidemic

strikesLondon.

The'GreatStink'of1858,caused

bypollutionintheRiverThamesreachedsuchproportionsthatsittingsatthe

HouseofCommonsatWestminsterhadtobeabandoned.




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Vibrio cholerae thecholerabacteriumContemporary Planning Issues March 19, 2009



23/144

SnowsBroadStreetPump



C Pl i I M h 19 2009


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London

A

concerted

effort

tocontainthecity'ssewagebyconstructing

massivesewersonthenorthandsouthriver

embankmentsfollowed,underthesupervisionof

engineer

Joseph

Bazalgette.The Old Abbey Mills Pumping Station Image by Atelier joly



C t Pl i I M h 19 2009


25/144

London Meanwhile,similar

hugeundertakingstookplacetoensurewatersupply,withthebuildingofreservoirsandpumpingstationsontherivertothewestofLondon.Theembankmentsin

Londonhousethewatersupplytohomes,plusthesewers,andprotectLondonfromflood. Illustrated London News 1865.



C t Pl i I M h 19 2009


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Whatdoesitmeanandhowdoesiteffectplanning?



Contemporary Planning Issues March 19 2009


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CumulativeEffectsCumulativeeffectsarechangestotheenvironment

thatarecausedbyanactionincombinationwithotherpast,presentandfuturehumanactions.

8

Cumulative

Effects

Assessment

Practitioners

Guide

Cumulativeeffectsoccurbecauseofamismatchinthe

scaleatwhichimpactsaccumulateandthescaleatwhichdecisionsaremade.9

CumulativeEffectsAssessmentPractitionersGuide





28/144

IdentifyingProjects

and

Activities

to

IncludeintheCEAcomponentofanEIAWhattolookfor Explanation

Effectsofpast,presentandfuturedevelopmentsandactivitiesthatmightinteractwiththeeffectsoftheproposedproject.

Iftheeffectsofthoseprojectsandactivitiesoverlapthoseoftheprojectunderreviewinspaceorintime,theyshouldbeincluded.

Disturbancessimilartothoserelatedtotheproposedactivity,regardlessoftheirsource.

Foranactivitycreatingatmosphericemissions,forexample,thiswouldincludeothersourcesofemissions.Foranactivitycausinghabitatloss,thiswould

includeotherkindsofhabitatdisturbance.

Interactionsamongdissimilarkindsofdisturbance.

Thismightinclude,forexample,thecombinedeffectsofphysicaldisturbances

suchashabitatfragmentationandchemicalpollution





29/144

WhatareCumulative

EnvironmentalImpacts?

Singleeffectsalmostneveroccurinisolation,but

occurtogetherwithmanyotherinfluences.10 Longtermchangesmayoccurnotonlyasaresult

ofasingleactionbutthecombinedeffectsor

impactsofeachsuccessiveactionontheenvironment.10





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Individually,minoractionsthatareinsignificant

ontheirowncancollectivelyresultinsignificantimpactsoveraperiodoftime. 10

Cumulativeimpactsresultfromtheaccumulation

ofhumaninducedchangesacrossspaceandovertime. 10

WhatareCumulative

Environmental

Impacts?




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32/144

HowDoCumulativeEffectsOccur? 10Thesamekindofactivityrecurstoo

frequentlythroughtime.

The

same

kind

of

activities

recur

too

denselythroughspace.

Different

kinds

of

activities

impose

similarconsequencesonavaluedresource.





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TypesofCumulativeImpacts 10

Additive:

equaltothesumofindividualeffects

Interactive:

greaterthanthesumofindividualeffects

Magnification

Synergistic

p y g ,




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p y g




35/144

Biomagnification 10Water

Sediment = contaminant




36/144

ContaminantSynergism 10

+ =




37/144

RepeatOffences:

repeatedoccurrencesofthesamesmallscale

events

at

the

same

place .

Nibbling:

similarsmallscaleeventshappeningsimultaneously.

MajorCumulativeImpactSituations 10

(Duinker, 1994)9




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MultipleEffects:

severaldifferentresponsesofanecosystemtoone

single

action.(e.g.,forestharvestingresultsinlossofhabitatforbirdsandwildlife,soilerosion,increased

sedimentationtorivers)

(Duinker, 1994)11

MajorCumulativeImpactSituations




39/144

ExamplesofCumulativeEffectsatthe

RegionalScale10

Air:

CombinedSO2

emissionswithinaregional

airshedfromseveralnaturalgasprocessingplants.

Water:

Combinedreductionsinflowvolumes

withinariverresultingfromirrigation,municipalandindustrialwater

withdrawals.

ResourceUse:

Continualremovaloftimberfroma

management

area.Applied Land Use Planning 39



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ContemporaryPlanningIssues

AppliedLandUsePlanning

GovernmentStudies

UniversityofAlberta




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WaterInAlberta 11 WheredoesAlbertaswatergo?87%flowsnorth

13%flowseast

0.1%flowssouth

Onaverage,Albertagenerates about60billioncubicmetersofsurfacerunoffannually equivalentto90mm,ifit

were

spread

over

the

entire

provinceApplied Land Use Planning 41



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AllocationsbyBasin, vs.NaturalRiverFlow(2001)11




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46/144

WaterforLife NorthAmericasmostcomprehensivewater

managementplan

Renewal

required

to

reflect

current

Alberta

pressures

Reviewwillincludeopportunitiesfor

stakeholders Continuingwithimplementationofthecurrent

WfLpriorities




47/144

Howmuchwaterdoesapersonneed?Use Gallons/Litresper Capita Percentage ofTotal Daily UseShowers 10/44 16.8%

Clothes Washers 12.5/57 21.7%

Dishwashers 1.0/4.5 1.4%

Toilets 15/70 26.7%Baths 1.0/4.5 1.7%

Leaks 8.0/36 13.7%

Faucets 9.0/41 15.7%

Other Domestic Uses 1.3/6 2.2%

Total 57.8/263Applied Land Use Planning 47



48/144

Whosincharge? Federalregulations

Provincialregulations

InterprovincialandInternationalresponsibilities




49/144



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Thorhild

Capital RegionCapital Region Thorhild WaterContemporary Planning Issues March 19, 2009


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Leduc County

Holden

Legal

MorinvilleAlexanderFirst Nation

RiviereQui Barre

Redwater

Gibbons Bruderheim

Lamont

Chipman

Mundare

Vegreville

Namao

Josephburg &Water Co-Op

Ardrossan

Sherwood Park

TofieldRyley

St. Albert

StonyPlain

Spruce

Grove

City of Leduc

Beaumont

Fort Saskatchewan

Capital Regional Northeast

Water Services Commission

Capital Region Vegreville CorridorWater Services Commission

Highway 14 WaterServices Commission

Capital Region ParklandWater ServicesCommission

Capital Region SouthwestWater Services Commission

Pipeline

Edmonton andSurrounding Communities

City of

Edmonton

Andrew

Treatment Plant

Sturgeon County

InternationalAirport

AntlerLake

Bon Accord

Capital RegionCapital Region

Service AreaService Area

Regional WaterCustomers Group

Truckfill

Viking

Bruce

Egremont

Hilliard

CollingwoodCove

Parkland County

Beaver CountyStrathcona

County

Nisku

LamontCounty

Cardiff

Calmar

Villeneuve

Pipeline Under Construction

North CookingLake

Thorhild WaterServices Commission

Radway12




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RegionalWater




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RegulatoryChanges 12 RegionalizationPitfalls:

Time/programmanagement

Operatortrainingrequirements(CEUs)

RegionalizationBenefits: Largepoolofexperiencedoperators

Noadditionalregulations CodesofPractice Easycodeimplementationacrosstheregion

Fundingavailability




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InfrastructureManagement 12 RegionalizationPitfalls:

Prioritysetting

Loweroperatorinput(reducedspecialization)

Regionalsystemdesignandcommissioning

RegionalizationBenefits: Accesstonewequipment&technology

FundingAvailability

StrategicPlanning




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Demand&EmergencyManagement12 RegionalizationPitfalls:

Tailoringtodifferentneeds Onesource/treatmentplant

RegionalizationBenefits: Coordinatedapproachacrosstheregion

Mutualaid

Moreresources Preventsescalatedemergencies




61/144

CustomerRelations 12

Regionalization

Pitfalls: Regionalaffect

Sensedlossofautonomy

RegionalizationBenefits:

Consistentmessages

Moreaccountabilityforqualityandquantity

Ratestabilization




62/144

WatershedManagement 12

Regionalization

Pitfalls: None

RegionalizationBenefits: Obtaindiverseinput

Coordinateapproach

Communicateaconsistentmessage




63/144

Conservation 12 RegionalizationPitfalls:

Conveyingmessagetolargergroup

RegionalizationBenefits: Obtaindiverseinput

Coordinateapproach

Communicateaconsistentmessage

Sharingresources&templates



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KneehillRegionalWaterServices

Commission(KRWSC)acasehistory




66/144

KRWSCII




67/144

AlfDurnie

Administrator,OnsiteSewageSystems

MunicipalAffairs,PublicSafetyDivision




68/144

Onsitesewagetreatmentsystems Onsitesewagetreatmentsystemsareusedtomanagewastewater

generated

by

developments

not

serviced

by

municipal

wastewater

collectionsystems.Withthelevelofgrowthoccurringoutsideurbanareas,theuseofthesesystemsisincreasing.

Newtechnologiesarebeingusedinthesesystemstotreatsewage

and

returnittotheenvironment.Researchonthesoilbasedcomponentofthesesystemshasincreasedprovidingadditionalscientificconsiderationstoapplytothedesignofonsitesystems.

Onsitesystemscanbeaneffectivewastewatermanagementifused

appropriatelyanddesignedwithconsiderationforthesitesoilconditions.Theyformakeypartof aruralmunicipalitieswastewatermanagementstrategy.

Althoughmostoftenprivatelyowned,onsitewastewatertreatment systemsformpartofamunicipalityswastewaterinfrastructure.Applied Land Use Planning 68



69/144

Onsitesewagetreatmentsystems

TheProvincialgovernment,alongwithpartnersand

stakeholders,isdevelopingamanagementframeworkforonsitesewagesystemsandtheseptageproducedbythesesystems.

Thispresentationdiscusses: whatanonsitesystemisandthescopeofuseinAlberta

themanagementframeworkbeingdeveloped,

newtechnologiesavailableintheonsiteindustry,

themanagementofseptage,

interconnectionswiththemunicipalplanningprocess,and

challengesandopportunitieswithonsitesewagesystems.



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71/144

71

WhatisanOnsitePrivateSewageSystems?

Septic

tank

or

small

wastewater

treatment

plant

dischargingwastewatereffluenttoasoilbased

wastewater

treatment

component

that

completes

treatmentofwastewater.




72/144

TypesofSystems

Holding

Tanks Disposal

FieldsorTreatmentFields

TreatmentMounds

OpenDischarge

72Applied Land Use Planning 72



73/144

73

HoldingTanks

Simply,atankthatholdswastewateruntilitisremovedbya

pumpertruck

Wherewillthewastebetaken?

Isthereawastewaterfacilitythatwillacceptthehauledsewage?

Has

a

impact

on

municipal

infrastructure

Roadscanbeimpactedbyvolumeofheavytraffic




74/144

74

DisposalFieldsorTreatmentFields




75/144

75

TreatmentMounds




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76

TreatmentMounds



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78

OpenDischarge




79/144

79

ScopeandSizeofIndustry 15 20%ofAlbertaspopulation

200,000to250,000systemsestimated

>30milliongallonsofsewageperdaytreated

7000newsystemsperyear($15,000eaaverage)

$105millionperyear




80/144

Whatkindofdevelopmentisservedby

onsitesystems

Residentialdevelopment

Campgrounds

Tourismfacilities

Remote

lodges

Motelsandhotels

Schools

Restaurantsandgas

stations

Others?




81/144

81

WhataretheobjectivesofanOnsite

PrivateSewageSystemDesign?

Effectivelytreatthewastewater.

Protectionofgroundwaters.

Protectionofsurfacewater.

Minimizerisktopublichealth(disease).

Forhomeowner,reliablemethodofmanagingandtreatingwastewater.

Formunicipality,supportsustainabledevelopment.




82/144

82

CananOnsiteWastewaterTreatmentSystembeEffectiveinTreatingWastewater? Anonsitesystemcantreateffluentaseffectivelyasamunicipal

wastewatertreatmentsystems.

Itneedstobeeffectivelydesignedandusedonlyinlocationsthataresuitable.

USEPAreporttocongress Onsitesystemscanprovideaneffectivemethodoflongtermwastewatermanagement.

Anonsitesystemcanbeatotalfailureinashorttimeifusedwhereitisinappropriate,wheresoiltreatmentcapacityislimitedorwherethedesignisnoteffective.




83/144

83

Whatisthetreatmenteffectiveness?

Reduction

of

Pathogens

99%

to

99.99%

as

it

moves

throughthesoil.

Adsorptionandimmobilizationofphosphorusinsoilsthat

containclay ironandaluminumcontent(notinsands).

Denitrificationinmanysoilconditionsbutitislimited.




84/144

84

RecenthistoryofOnsitesewagesystems

pre1970s

19701990

19901999(opendischargeclearancetopropertylineincreasesto300ft.)

19992009(newtechnologiesavailable)

New2009standardtobeadoptedspringof2009(new

designstandardswithmorefocusontreatmentinsoilasopposedtoamethodfocusedondisposal)




85/144

85

Scope

of

Private

Sewage

Disposal

SystemsRegulation

Systems:

Servedevelopmentsthatgeneratelessthan25m3

(5,500gal.)sewageperday,and

Serveonlyoneproperty

Systemsthatmaypotentiallyservemorethan5.7m3(1,250

impgal)perdayrequireprofessionaldesign.




86/144

86

PrivateSewageSystemStandardofPractice

somekeyproposedrevisionsfor2009

Removeminimum acreparcelsizeforprivatesewagesystems.

municipalpermissionrequiredtouseholdingtankand

municipalitymayspecifyholdingtankonly.

Recognizingthatthestandardcannotanticipateallofthevaryingreceivingenvironmentsanddensityofdevelopment;

additionalrequirementsmayneedtobeapplied.

Septictanksizeincreasestomoreeffectivelymanagesludge




87/144

Percolationtestremovedasacceptabledesigncriteria,soil

textureandstructurearenowused

Alineareffluentloadingconceptintroduced

Effluentloadingratesonsandy,coarsetexturedsoilsarereducedasaresultofthefocusontreatment

Additionalrequirementsareincludedtofacilitate

maintenance

Additionalrequirementsarespecifiedforsystemsover5.7

cubic

meters

per

day.






88/144

Detailedrequirementsforsiteevaluationareincluded

(thisformsthebasisofagooddesign).

Drip

dispersal

systems

are

introduced

sub

surface

irrigationofhighlytreatedwastewaterenabled.

Open

discharges

are

limited

to

four

per

quarter

plus

one

ontheremnantofthequartersection.





89/144



90/144

90

SoilBeetles

ACollembolan(springtail)

a

nematode




91/144

91

Some get stuck;

Some Die off;

Predators kill them.




92/144

Rapidchangeinonsitewastewater

scienceandavailabletechnologies

Innovative

technologiesandadvancementinscience

Whatsnewandwhatscoming?



93/144



94/144

94

Science Movementofwaterthroughsoil

Horizontalmovementofwaterthroughsoilrecognizedascriticaldesignelement

Treatmentcapacitiesofvarioussoiltypes

Treatmentcapacityofsoilimprovedaseffluentappliedmoreuniformly




95/144

95

ContemporaryIssues Sothatwasanoverviewofprivatesewagesystems,the

scopeoftheregulations,andsomeofthesciencerelatedtotreatmentofsewage.

Now

what

causes

any

relationship

with

land

use

planning,

subdivision,anddevelopment?




96/144

96

Trendsthatareincreasingtheimportanceofprivatesewagemanagement

Largeamountofdevelopmentoccurringthatisnotservicedbywastewatercollectionssystems.

Densityofdevelopmentincreasing.

Increasingdevelopmentaroundrecreationalwaters.

Urbanpeoplemovingtoruralsettingswithsameexpectationsforwastewaterservices.



97/144



98/144

CurrentIssues Privatesewagearoundlakes

Manyoldersystems

Oldsystemsdidnotfollowregulations

Meantforminimalseasonalusenotcurrentuse

Maybeingroundtoodeepandtooclosethewatertabletreatmentisnotachieved(cesspool)

Sandysoilsaroundthelakereducetreatmentcapabilityofthesoil

Nutrientloadingonthelake Phosphorus/Nitrogen

Howshouldproposalsfornewdevelopmentaroundlakesbeaddressed?




99/144

CurrentIssues Improperpumpingofholdingtanks ontothesurface

insteadofremovedbytruck.

Illegalinstalls,pumpouts,leakage,improperdisposal,enforcementdifficulties.

Howtoaddresstheseissues?

CombinedMunicipalGovernmentandSafetyCodesIssue




100/144

CurrentIssues Widespreadsewagesystemfailuresinsomeunsuitablesubdivisions.

Ownershadanexpectationtheycoulduseanonsitesystem

Unsuitablesoilsledtosystemfailureatthedensityofdevelopment.

Noareaforareplacementsystem.

Costofhaulingsewagenotanticipatedbyowner.

Costofcomplexsystemrequirednotanticipatedbyowners.

ConstituentsgotoMunicipalgovernmentrequestingsewerservicing.

Municipalitiesfacewithunexpectedcostsforinfrastructureand

timeinaddressingconcernsofconstituents.




101/144

Could

decisions

made

at

the

time

ofsubdivisionaddresssomeof

theseissues? WhycouldnttheybeaddressedbythesafetyCodesAct

RegulationsandrequirementssetsoutintheStandardof

Practice StandardofPracticeaddressesonepropertyatatime it

cannotanticipatethedensityofdevelopment.

Subdivisionmustbesuitableforthelimitsofthesoiltreatmentcapability

DecisionunderSafetyCodeslegislationtoallowonlyholding

tankshaslargeimpactonMunicipalinfrastructure.101Applied Land Use Planning 101



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102

PlanningandDevelopmentConsiderations

Increasedsystemdensitydemandssuitabilityofsoil

andtypeofsystembeconsideredbothonthesubdivisionscaleandlotbylot

cumulative&environmentalimpacts

onsitesystemnotalwaysappropriate

Deferredserviceagreementsandarrangementof

subdivisiontoenablecosteffectivewastewaterservicing

sustainable/safedevelopmentisbasedoncapacity




103/144




104/144

RelatedLegislation

104

Safety Codes Act

Private Sewage Disposal Systems RegulationAR229/97

Alberta Private Sewage Systems Standard of

Practice

Municipal Government Act (MGA)

Subdivision and Development Regulation AR43/2002

Municipal land-use bylaws

Area structure plansApplied Land Use Planning 104



105/144

105

TheMGA 3(c)DevelopandmaintainSafeandViablecommunities.

617

(a)Toachievetheorderly,economicalandbeneficial

development,useoflandsandpatternsofhumandevelopment,and.

(b)tomaintainandimprovethephysicalenvironment

withinwhichpatternsofhumansettlementaresituatedinAlberta




106/144

106

TheMGA PursuanttoSection654(1)(a)oftheMGA,

asubdivisionauthoritymustnotapproveanapplication

forsubdivisionapprovalunlessthelandthatisproposedtobesubdividedis,intheopinionofthesubdivisionauthority,suitableforthepurposeforwhichthesubdivisionisintended.



107/144



108/144

Authoritymustconsider,cont 7(g)inthecaseoflandnotservedbyalicensedwater

distributionandwastewatercollectionsystem,whethertheproposedsubdivisionboundaries,lotsizesandbuildingsitescomplywiththerequirementsofthePrivate

Sewage

Disposal

Systems

Regulation

(AR229/97)

in

respectofthesizeanddistancebetweenpropertylines,buildings,watersourcesandprivatesewagedisposalsystemsasidentifiedinsection4(4)(b)and(c).




109/144

109

Authoritymustconsider,cont Toeffectivelyconsiderandmakedecisionsregardinga

subdivisionthatwillrelyonprivatesewagesystemstheSubdivisionAuthorityneedsreliableandcorrectinformation.

Wheredoesthatinformationcomefrom?




110/144

TheSubdivisionAuthorityhastheauthoritytorequiretheapplicantto:

Submitplans

4(3)(d) showingtheapproximatelocationandboundariesofthe bedandshoreofanyriver,stream,watercourse,lakeorotherbodyof

waterthatiscontainedwithinorboundstheproposedparcelofland,

4(3)(e) iftheproposedlotsortheremainderofthetitledareaaretobeservedbyindividualwellsandprivatesewagedisposalsystems,showing

(i) thelocationofanyexistingorproposedwells,and

(ii) thelocationandtypeofanyexistingorproposedprivate

sewage

disposal

systems,

and

the

distance

from

these

to

existing or

proposedbuildingsandpropertylines,110Applied Land Use Planning 110



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Subdivision&DevelopmentRegulation,contTheSubdivisionAuthorityhastheauthoritytorequiretheapplicanttosubmit:

4(4)(a)ifaproposedsubdivisionisnottobeservedbyawaterdistributionsystem,areportthatmeetstherequirementsofsection23(3)(a)

oftheWater

Act,

AlsogotheWaterMinisterialRegulationsection9(1)Subjecttosubsection(2),atypeofsubdivisionoflandforthepurposesofsection23(3)of theActisasubdivisionthatresultsin6ormoreparcelsoflandinaquartersectionorinariverlot.

4(4)(b)anassessmentofsubsurfacecharacteristicsofthelandthatistobesubdivided,includingbutnotlimitedtosusceptibilitytoslumpingorsubsidence,depthtowatertableandsuitabilityforanyproposedonsitesewagedisposalsystem.




112/144

TheSubdivisionAuthorityhastheauthoritytorequiretheapplicanttosubmit:

4(4)(c)ifaproposedsubdivisionisnottobeservedbyawastewatercollectionsystem,informationsupportedbythereportofapersonqualifiedtomakeitrespectingtheintendedmethodofprovidingsewagedisposalfacilitiestoeachlotintheproposedsubdivision,includingthesuitabilityandviabilityofthatmethod.

112

Subdivision&DevelopmentRegulation,cont




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AssessingtheSuitabilityandViabilityofOnsiteSystems

Whoisaqualifiedperson?

Theyhavetraining/competencyrelatedtoPrivateSewage

systems.

Holdformalcertification.

ProfessionalEngineers. ProfessionalAgrologist.

Certified

Private

Sewage

Installer.113Applied Land Use Planning 113


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Assessing the Suitability and



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Thesuitabilityofanonsitesystemisdependantonthesubsurfacecharacteristics[section4(4)(b)]andlimitingfeaturessuchasgroundwater,surfacewatersandwells.

Section4(4)(b)(anassessmentofsubsurfacecharacteristicsofthelandthatistobesubdivided,

including

but

not

limited

to

susceptibility

to

slumping

or

subsidence,depthtowatertableandsuitabilityforanyproposedonsitesewagedisposalsystem)

115

AssessingtheSuitabilityand

ViabilityofOnsiteSystems





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Whatshouldanassessmentinclude?

Suitabilityofsoil

Notapercolationtestonly.

Notageotechnicalreportintendedtoassessthesoilstabilityandloadbearingcapabilty

Determinationofsoiltextureandsoilstructuredownthroughthesoilprofiletoadepthofatleast5feet.

Depthofinvestigationdeeperifusingtraditionaltreatment

fields.116







117/144

Soil

profile

investigation

identifies:

Limitinghydrauliccapacityofsoillayersintheprofile soiltexture&structure.

Soilcolorsandcharacteristicsthatshowseasonalsaturationof thesoil thewatertable.

Watertableisnotdeterminedbyamonitoringwellandobtaining

ameasuretofreewaterdepth.

Watertablescanvarybyoneormoremetersfromseasontoseasonandyeartoyear.

Soilcharacteristicsshowlongtermhighwaterlevelsinsoil.117







118/144

Landscapeconsiderations.

Slopescancauseproblemswithonsitesystems.

Doesthesubdivisionplanincludegradingofthelots?

Gradingofthelotschangethesoilconditionsandoftenmakethesiteunsuitableforonsitesewagesystems.

thesoilinvestigationandassessmentisoftenirrelevantoncethesiteisgradedandthesoilsinvestigatedareremoved.

118






119/144

Layout

of

lots

on

subdivided

area

may

affect

available

system

locations.

Layoutofindividuallot preservesuitablesitearea.

Locationofaccessroadsandotherservicesmayaffectsuitability.

Investigationofarawpieceoflandmayshowsuitabilitybutafterroadsandundergroundutilitiesareinstalledthesuitableareasoflandmaybegone.

Isthereenoughroomonthelotforthesizeofsystemrequiredoncethehousegarageandaccessroadareincluded?

119

Suitability

and

Planning

Considerationscontinued




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Arrangementoflotstoaccommodatedeferredserviceagreementsrequiringconnectiontocollectionsystemsplannedoverlongterm

Asthelayoutofsubdivisionbeginstorestrictsystemtypes,generallymoreexpensivesewagetreatmentsystemsrequired

120

Suitability

and

Planning

Considerationscontinued



121/144



122/144

Re

design

with

19

lots

communal onsitesewage system at

location of suitable soil

treated effluent lineback to road at south toconnect to later regionalsystem

treated effluent to eachlot for irrigation, reduced

water use.

lot grading is possible.


Which subdivision scheme is better ?



123/144

Whichsubdivisionschemeisbetter?

Higherdensity,onthesamelandarea.

Whoownsandoperatesthesewagesystem(s)

Whatifonefails,manyfailorthecommunalsystemfails

Whodotheratepayersturntoifmultiplefailuresorifthecommunal

systemfails

Whichprovidesthemostbenefit

Whichprovidesmoreopportunities

Whichismorechallenging

Whichfitsintolongrangeplanningbest,why.

Whichiscosteffective whatsconsideredincost.Applied Land Use Planning 123



124/144

124

Firstparceloutwithexistingsystems. Inspection considerationsofsuitability clearanceto

propertyline.

section

New first parcel out




125/144

ModelProcessforEvaluating

SubdivisionsthatrelyonOnsite

PrivateSewageTreatmentSystems

Areferenceguideformunicipalities.

Providesdirectiontotheapplicantonwhatanassessmentshouldinclude.

DevelopedbyAAMD&CwithgrantfromMunicipalAffairs.




126/144

126

ModelProcesscontinued Considerationsandevaluationsthatshouldbemade

regardingaproposedsubdivisionusingprivatesewage.

Suitabilityofthesoilisthemostimportantpartofthe

system determinesthetreatmentcapacity.

Soilcapacitytoreceiveandtreateffluentneedstobe

consideredalongwithsystem(lot)density.

Ifsoilcapacitytoreceiveandtreatthesewageislimited

whatarethealternatives.


ModelProcessforEvaluating



127/144

g

SubdivisionsandOnsiteSewageSystems Evaluationincludesdeterminationof:

Depthofsuitablesoil limitingcharacteristicsinsoilprofile

Locationofwaterbodies

Surfacewaterdrainagecharacteristics

Volume&strengthofsewage

Soiltextureclassificationsandsoilstructuretoestablishtypeandsizeofsystem

Arearequiredforinstallationandseparationdistancerequirements

Wheretheeffluentwillflowintheground.

Groundwatermoundingbelowthesystemandcapacityofthesoiltomovetheeffluenthorizontally

Theimpactonthereceivingenvironment.127Applied Land Use Planning 127



128/144

Wastewater

Management

Continuum

planning&development

designofspecificsystems

construction&installation

operation&maintenance

remediation



129/144



130/144

Poor

planning,

systemdesign,

installation,

inspectionand/or

operation

canresultinfailingprivatesewagesystems




131/144




132/144


Biomat ontrenchbottom



133/144

133




134/144

134

Failedfield




135/144

135

PlanningisakeyfactorforthePlanningisakeyfactorforthelong

term

success

of

onsite

long

term

success

of

onsite

sewagesystemssewagesystems




136/144

Wrapup Otherthingstoconsider:

AvailableGrants CostsRecovery

AUC

RateModeling&Design

MultiYearCapitalReplacement&FinancingPlans

CapitalAssetPolicies




137/144

137

QUESTIONS?




138/144

JerryBrett JerryBrettistheSeniorPlannerforKneehillCountyand

formerDevelopmentOfficerfortheTownofDrumheller. HeisagraduateoftheAppliedLandUsePlanning

CertificateProgramandhasworkedinmunicipal

government

for

10

years. BeforeenteringmunicipalgovernmentasaGraphicsArts

andCorporateCommunicationsSpecialistwiththeTown

of

Drumheller,

Jerry

was

in

the

printing,

publishing

and

graphicdesignfieldfor20years.

BornandraisedinLondon,England,movedtoCanadain1981,JerryhaslivedinAlbertafor28years.



139/144



140/144

AlfDurnie Alfleadsthedevelopmentofamanagementframeworkandtechnicalstandardsfor

onsiteprivatesewagesystemsinAlberta.

Alfwasinstrumentalinthedevelopmentofthe1999AlbertaPrivateSewageSystemsStandardofPracticeHandbookwhichhasbeenwidelyacclaimedby thesewageindustryandteachesaportionoftheonsitesewagecontractorscourse.AlfcontinuestoguidelegislativechangestosewagecodesinAlbertaaswellascoordinateresearchintonewonsitewastewatertreatmenttechnology.

Hehasestablishedrelationshipswithmanyindustryrepresentatives,regulatorsandresearchersinAlbertaandacrossCanada.HehasbeenaleaderintheefforttoestablishanationalstandardforOnsiteSewageSystems.HeiscurrentlyCoChairoftheCSAcommitteedevelopingaStandardfortheDesignandInstallationofDecentralizedWastewaterTreatmentsystems.

Heoftendealswithissuesinvolvinglanduseandplanninginmunicipalitiesasitrelatestowastewatermanagementusingonsitesewagesystems.HehaspresentedatnumerousconferencesinAlberta,BC,ManitobaandOntarioandtaughtprivatesewagesystemcoursesinAlbertaandManitoba.Heisanactiveadvisortomany researchersworking

onprivatesewagesystem relatedprojectsnowunderwayatAlbertaUniversities.


Resources



141/144

Legislation,RegulationsCodes&Standards MunicipalGovernmentAct

Water,Gas&ElectricCompaniesAct

PublicUtilitiesBoardAct

EnvironmentalProtection&EnhancementAct AmericanWater&WastewaterAssociation

CanadianWater&WastewaterAssociation

PrivateSewageSystemsStandardofPracticeand

Handbook

ModelProcessApplied Land Use Planning 141



142/144

Resources Online

CumulativeEffectsAssessmentinEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentReportsRequiredundertheAlbertaEnvironmentalProtectionandEnhancement:

Actwww3.gov.ab.ca/env/protenf/documents/cea.pdf

ModelProcessavailablefrom AAMD&Cwww.aamdc.com

PrivateSewageSystemsStandardofPracticeandHandbookavailableat:

LearningResourcesCenter7804272767 MunicipalAffairsWebsite

www.municipalaffairs.gov.ab.ca/ss_PSDS.htm

DrinkingWaterRegulationandHealth,FrederickPontius2003

AvailableatOpenLibrary:http://openlibrary.org/b/OL7616935MApplied Land Use Planning 142



143/144

Bibliography1.

Brundtland

Commission,formallytheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment(United

Nations.1987),"ReportoftheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment.

GeneralAssembly

Resolution42/187,11December1987.Retrieved:20070412.

2.

Sustainable

Development

chart

by

Johann

Dro.3.

EnvironmentCanadaDidyouknow?FreshwaterFactsforCanadaandtheWorld:

http://www.ec.gc.ca/Water/en/info/facts/e_contnt.htm

4.

CentralIntelligenceAgencyTheWorldFactbook

www.cia.gov

5.

TheWorld'sWater20002001,TheBiennialReportonFreshwaterResources.PeterGleick,IslandPress.

6.

MakingEveryDropCount

ScientificAmerican,February2001,PeterGleick.

7.

AqueductDiagram,EncyclopediaBritannica,Inc.(2006).

8.

CumulativeEffectsAssessmentPractitionersGuide(Hegmann

etal.1999).

9.

CumulativeEffectsAssessmentPractitionersGuide(Kingsley1997).

10

.

MekongRiverCommissionSecretariat,LaoPDR.

www.mrcmekong.org/free_download/research.htm

11

.

WaterAllocationsandDrinkingWaterFacilityAssessmentInitiativebyPatLangDrinkingWater Branchof

AlbertaEnvironment(June8,2005).

12

.

WaterUtilityRegionalizationbyDanRites,RWCG(June8,2005).


http://www.mrcmekong.org/free_download/research.htmhttp://www.mrcmekong.org/free_download/research.htmhttp://www.mrcmekong.org/free_download/research.htm


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Acknowledgements PatLang,ProgramManagerintheDrinkingWaterBranchofAlberta

StantecConsultingLtd.www.stantec.com

CanadianPublicWorksAssociationwww.publicworks.ca PaulGoranson,P.Eng.,PublicWorksManager,CityofRedDeer
http://www.publicworks.ca/http://www.publicworks.ca/

planning for water (2009) contemporary planning issues

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