planer machine
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PLANER MACHINE
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Planers and shapers were used generally
for two types of work: generating accurate flat surfaces
and cutting slots
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Classification Of Planer
Planers are generally divided into 5 types:
1. Double Housing Planer
2. Open Side Planer
3. Edge Type Planer
4. Divide Table Planer
5. Pit Type Planer
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DESCRIPTION OF PARTS
BED
The bed of a planer is a box like casting having
cross ribs. It is very heavy in weight and supports
the column and all other moving parts of themachine. It is provided with precision ways over
the entire length.
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TABLE
It supports the work and reciprocates along the
ways of the bed. T-slots are provided along theentire length of the table so that the work andthe holding devices maybe bolted upon it.
Accurate holes are drilled on the top surfaces of
the planer table at regular intervals forsupporting the poppets and stop pins.
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HOUSING
The housings also called columns or uprights arerigid box like vertical structures placed on eachside of the bed and are fastened to the sides ofthe bed. They are heavily ribbed to trace up
severe forces due to cutting. The front face ofeach housing is accurately machined to provideprecision ways on which the crossrail maybemade to slide up and down for accommodating
different heights of the work. Two side toolheads also slide upon it.
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CROSSRAIL
Crossrail is rigid box like casting connecting thetwo housings. The crossrail maybe raised or
lowered in the face of the housing and can be
clamped at any desired position. The front face
of the crossrail is accurately machined to providea guide surface for the tool head saddle. The
crossrail has screw for vertical and cross feed of
the tool head and a screw for elevating the rail.
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TOOL HEAD
Tool head of a planer is similar to that of a shaperboth in construction and operation. The importantparts of a tool head are :-
1. Saddle 7. Tool post
2. Swivel base 8. Down feed screw3. Vertical slide 9. Apron clamping bolt
4. Apron 10.Apron swivelling pin
5. Clapper box
6. Clapper block
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Open Side Planer
Open side planer consists of only one verticalcolumn or housing on which the cross rail is
mounted.
The column and the cross rail carry single anddouble tool heads respectively. This type of
machine permits machining of wide work
pieces.
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Pit Type Planer
Construction and Working of Pit Type ofPlaner
A pit type planer differs from other planer inthe sense that, the table and the work pieceresting on it remain stationary and the toolreciprocates across the work surface. Pit typeplaner is preferred for very large work, where
the weight of the work piece and the toolrequired table would make reciprocatingmovement difficult.
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The job is either mounted on a stationary
table, or on the floor inside a pit, and hence
the name pit type planer. Once or two toolheads are mounted on the cross rail and two
side tool posts the housings, if required. The
entire unit travels along the horizontal ways
and fro and, thus the tool moves past the worksurface during operation.
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Deference between Shaper andPlaner Machine
Shaper
1. It is comparativelylight machine.
2. Less spacerequired.
3. It is use for smallsize and light work
piece.4. Generally singletool is used.
5. Less time isrequired to settingthe job.
Planer
1. It is comparativelyheavy machine.
2. Large spacerequired.
3. It is used for largesize and heavy
work piece.4. More than one toolcan usedsimultaneously.
5. More time isrequired to setting
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6. Shaper consume
15-20 HP.
7.Stroke length is
small.
8. Machine cost is
less
6. Palner consume
120 HP.
7. Stroke length is
high
8. Machine cost is
high.