Plan to repair damage caused by the Civil War and reunite the nation

Key QuestionsKey Questions

1. How do we1. How do webring the Southbring the Southback into the back into the

Union?Union?

1. How do we1. How do webring the Southbring the Southback into the back into the

Union?Union?

2. How do we 2. How do we rebuild the rebuild the

South after itsSouth after itsdestruction destruction

during the war?during the war?

2. How do we 2. How do we rebuild the rebuild the

South after itsSouth after itsdestruction destruction

during the war?during the war?

3. How do we3. How do weintegrate andintegrate andprotect newly-protect newly-emancipatedemancipated

black freedmen?black freedmen?

3. How do we3. How do weintegrate andintegrate andprotect newly-protect newly-emancipatedemancipated

black freedmen?black freedmen?

4. What branch4. What branchof governmentof governmentshould controlshould controlthe process ofthe process of

Reconstruction?Reconstruction?

4. What branch4. What branchof governmentof governmentshould controlshould controlthe process ofthe process of

Reconstruction?Reconstruction?

Congressional “Radical” Reconstruction 1. Goal 1: protect rights of freedmen

a. 13th Amendment: abolishes slaveryb. 14th Amendment: makes African-

Americans citizensc. 15th Amendment: cannot deny vote based

on race

Colored rule in a reconstructed state

What does this

cartoonist think of the

15th amendmen

t?

2. Goal 2: grant compensation to freedmen

a. Freedmen’s Bureau: gov organization that provided food, clothing, healthcare and edu to black and white refugees from South

i. Reunited families separated by slaveryii. Negotiated labor contractsiii. Represented freedmen in courtiv. BUT, under-funded!

Plenty to eat and nothing to do.

What does this

cartoonist think of the Freedman’s Bureau?

3. Goal 3: punish Confederate leaders

a. Plan to take political and econ power from leaders and give to poor

i. Submit to military rule – 5 districts governed by northern generals

ii. hold new elections (only qualified voters can vote - no rebel leaders)

iii. write new state constitutionsiv. guarantee equal rights to all citizens

Did this cartoonist think the

South was ready to end

military reconstruction in 1876?

"Five More Wanted."

©1876 Reconstruction ended 1

year later

The Burden of Reconstruction

• This cartoon appeared in a northern newspaper in the 1870s.

• President Grant• Union soldiers• the South• 1. What do the weapons

and soldiers in the cartoon represent?

• 2. What is the woman doing? Is her task easy or difficult?

• 3. What is this cartoonist’s view of Reconstruction?

What was Johnson’s goal with Reconstruction?

What was Johnson’s goal with Reconstruction?

“Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!”

"I intend to confiscate the lands of these rich men whom I have excluded from pardon by my proclamation, and divide the proceeds thereof among the families of the wool hat boys, the Confederate soldiers, whom these men forced into battle to protect their property in slaves."

Presidential Reconstruction (Andrew Johnson)

1. Disagrees with Congress’ goals!

2. Goal = punish Confed leaders

a. Plan to take econ and pol power from leaders and give to poor whites

b. BUT, personally pardons (forgives) 13,500 wealthy planters

i. Old leaders come back to power

President Johnson’s Impeachment

President Johnson’s Impeachment

1. Tenure of office act – law prevented president from firing cabinet members without Senate’s consent

2. Johnson fires Sec. of War = violation3. House votes to impeach (accuse of high crimes and

misdemeanors)4. Found NOT GUILTY!

*Not kicked out, by one vote

Senator Ben ButlerSenator Ben Butler

“By murder most foul did he succeed to the Presidency, and is

the elect of an assassin to that high office

What is this Senator’s opinion of

Andrew Johnson

The Political Crisis of 1877

Compromise of 1877

Election of 1876

The Political Crisis of 1877

Compromise of 1877

Election of 18761. Demos. gave presidency to Repub. Hayes

2. in return troops would be removed from the south

3. Reconstruction is OVER!!

Hayes

Prevails

Hayes

Prevails

What is the cartoonist

trying to say about the

Republican and

Democratic parties?

VENN – DIAGRAM of the two plans for Reconstruction

Successes1. Rise of Black Church

a. Served as school, community center, employment agency, and political rallying point

b. Morehouse College – black university in Atl… started in a Church basement

2. Land ownership in Kansas

a. Homestead Act: gov GIVES 160 acres to anyone willing to improve / work land for 5 years

b. Exodusters: ex-slaves who moved to Kansas

Failures 1. Ku Klux Klan

(KKK): group that terrorized Republicans and blacks

a. Disenfranchised: blacks… prevent them from voting

b. Lynchings – illegal hangings

c. Scalawags (southern republicans)

d. Carbetbaggers (northern who moved to south)

e. Tamper with elections

The “Invisible Empire of the South”

The “Invisible Empire of the South”

“This is the White Man’s Government”-Democratic Party

Slogan, 1868

1. Black schools on fire and lynched bodies

2. Irish Democrat holding club to keep black man from voting

3. Nathan Bedford Forest, Confederate Veteran – started KKK

4. “This is the white man’s gov’t” button

5. Democratic Businessman

6. The ballot box

Watch Without Sanctuary

http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/main.html

2. Black Codes - restrictions for formers slaves

a. carry passes (identification)

b. observe curfewc. punish

vagrancy (fine or whip those not working)

d. Land restrictions forced to live on plantation

3. Sharecropping: landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced.

a. Landowner is former plantation owner

b. Could be fined for missing a single day of work

c. Charged for housing debt (trapped on the plantation)

4. Jim Crow Laws – laws that disenfranchised blacks and upheld segregation

a. Grandfather Clause must prove grandfather voted in last election

b. Literacy Test: must be able to read a write

c. Poll Tax: must pay a fee d. Plessy v Ferguson:

supreme court case which legalized segregation

i. “Separate but equal” facilities were considered legal

Take the Alabama Literacy Test

http://kpearson.project.tcnj.edu/interactive/imm_files/test.html

Evaluate Reconstruction: Successes and Failures

GOOD• The Union is restored.• Southern economic

rebuilding begins.• African Americans are

granted citizenship and voting rights.

• Freedmen’s Bureau helps African Americans get education, housing, and jobs.

• Public school system develops in the South.

BAD• Many southerners are

caught in a cycle of poverty.

• Southern governments limit African American voting. (black codes)

• KKK and other groups terrorize.

• Many southerners remain bitter toward the federal government and Republican Party.

Whose authority

was ‘cemented’ after the

war?

What invention showed the harsh realities of war?

What helped the country become a global economic power?

To which parts of the country did African Americans migrate after the Civil

War?

What was the purpose of colleges and universities founded after the Civil

War?

In what way did the end of the Civil War change the way that the

states and the federal government interacted?