plagiarism&ref 2012

7/29/2019 Plagiarism&Ref 2012

1/30

Citing and Referencing using Harvard..and why we need to do it!


2/30

What is citation and referencing?

Citation the note in the text:

Looks like: (Smith, 2012), or [1]

Reference full details at end of assignment

Bibliography or Reference list list of all your

references used


3/30

Why do we need to reference?

Evidence

Show your reading and how you develop yourargument

Provide sources for different points of view

Credit for the author of the original

To avoid plagiarism


4/30

What is plagiarism?Cheating by passing off someone elses work as

your own. This can be facts, ideas or words that

someone else has created.

You can use other peoples work as long as youmake it clear that you did not create it.

Do the reading and prove that you haveunderstood the topic by quoting or makingreference to it


5/30

Some kinds of plagiarism

Copy and paste

Taking the exact words that someone else haswritten and putting them into your piece of work

without making it clear that you are quoting

someone elses words. It does not matter where

the text is from, you must acknowledge that

someone else wrote it.


6/30


Word switching

Taking someone elses words and changing justone word here and there, or taking little bits of

sentences. If you are basically quoting someone

elses words, you must acknowledge that you are

doing it.


7/30


Concealing your sources

If you quote from one text several timesthroughout your work, you must make it clear

every single time that you are quoting.


8/30


Colluding with other people

Copying other students work, or letting themcopy yours, is still plagiarism. You are trying to

deceive the lecturer into thinking that you have

done work that you have not really done.

Getting a great deal of help from other people in

preparing a piece of work which is submitted in

your name can be plagiarism.


9/30


Self plagiarism

Yes, it is possible to plagiarise from yourself. Re-using work from a previous assignment withoutmaking it clear what you are doing is deceiving thelecturer who is marking this piece of work.

Of course, you can refer to work you have already

done, but you must quote it like any other source.As you read you will see authors referring to work

they have previously published.


10/30

Common knowledge If you have to look something up, it is probably

not common knowledge and you shouldacknowledge the source where you found itout.

Bradford is a city in Yorkshire.

Bradford Metropolitan District has a population of 600,000people.

Common knowledge

Needs asource


11/30

So, how can I avoid doing thesethings?

Always make it clear when you are using

someone elses workTo do this you need to know about:

Paraphrasing

Quoting

Making good notes

Citing and referencing correctly


12/30

Quoting This is when you use the exact words of

someone elses work.

You must make it plain exactly which wordsyou are quoting, and acknowledge the sourcethat they came from.

Charts, diagrams, pictures etc. from someoneelses work also count as direct quotes.


13/30

Paraphrasing This is when you read someone elses work,

think about it, and rewrite it in your own

words, keeping the facts and ideas of theoriginal source.

It shows you have understood the originalwork

You must acknowledge the source, becauseyou did not come up with the facts by yourself


14/30

What do a paraphrase and a quote look like?

A quote from a book:

More and more businesses and shoppersare gravitating toward a new foodmarketplace, where farmers and eatersare building linkages that make it possible

for eaters to buy an increasing percentageof their food from small, local businessesthey know and trust. (Ritchie, 2002, p.93)

Notice the quote marks. Page number


15/30

What do a paraphrase and a quote look like?

The same ideas, paraphrased:

Ritchie (2002) says that more people arebuying food from small local businesses whichconnect them more closely with the foodproducers.

Ritchie, M. (2002) Be a local hero: strengthening our communities, health andenvironment by eating local. In: Schor, J and Taylor, B. (eds) SustainablePlanet. Boston: Beacon Press. pp.74-98.


16/30

Helping yourself by making goodnotes

When you are reading for an assignment, keep

full records of all the things you use- theauthor, title, page numbers

and make it clear to yourself where each pieceof information you write down comes from.

You can use the EndNote software, a note pad,note cards


17/30

From making notes to writing an essay

Your essays must be more than a string of

notes you have taken from things you haveread.

Try planning your work using mind maps

Contact the Learner Development Unit formore information:

http://www.brad.ac.uk/learner-development/
http://www.brad.ac.uk/learner-development/http://www.brad.ac.uk/learner-development/http://www.brad.ac.uk/learner-development/http://www.brad.ac.uk/learner-development/


18/30

Harvard System

Harvard is based on author names and dates

of publication It is one of a number of citation systems used

in the University

Check our pages to see which isrecommended for your department:

http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/
http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/


19/30

Where to Cite

In brief, at the point in your text when you

refer to a sourceAuthors name, then date (and page number)

In full, at the end of your work

full bibliographic references in author order


20/30


21/30

Anatomy of a book reference: (Cameron, 2005)

Cameron, S. (2005) Econometrics.

Maidenhead: McGraw Hill Education.

Author(s) -

(family name first)(Year of

Publication)Book title

Place ofpublication

Name of publisher


22/30

Anatomy of a book reference a different edition.(Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007)

Lipsey, R. and Chrystal, K.A. (2007) Economics.

(11th edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Author(s) -

(family name first)

(Year of

Publication) Book title

Edition

(in brackets)

Place of publication

Publisher


23/30

A chapter reference (Arestis & Sawyer, 2000)

Arestis, P. and Sawyer, M. (2000) The deflationary consequences of

the single currency. In: Baimbridge, M., Burkitt, B. and Whyman, P.

(eds.) The Impact of the Euro: Debating Britains Future. Basingstoke:

Macmillan, pp.100-112

Author(s) -

(family name first)

(Year of

Publication)Chapter title Editors -

(family names first)

Book title

Place ofpublication

Publisher

Page numbers

of chapter


24/30

Anatomy of a journal article reference(Toner & Franks, 2006)

Toner, A. and Franks, T. (2006) Putting livelihoods thinking into

practice: implications for development management. Public

Administration and Development. Vol. 26, no. 1, February,

pp.81-92.

Author(s) -

(family name first)

(Year of

Publication)

Article title

Journal title

VolumeIssue

Page numbers


25/30

Or When you feel more confident with referencing journal articles you

can abbreviate the volume, issue and page numbers.

Toner, A. and Franks, T. (2006) Putting livelihoods

thinking into practice: implications for

development management. Public Administration

and Development. 26 (1) 81-92.

VolumeIssue

Page numbers


26/30

Anatomy of a website (BBC, 2009)

BBC (2009) Country Profiles: Venezuela. Available at:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/country_profiles/default.stm

( Accessed 9 October 2009)

Institutional

Author(Year of

Publication)Source title

URL(date accessed)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/country_profiles/default.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/country_profiles/default.stm


27/30

Citing References in the text

You will need to include:

Author(s) Date

Page number(s), if a quote

e.g. Cameron (2005) argued that the short answer would be equations

(Cameron, 2005, p.3)


28/30

Citing references within the text

These examples have been fullydiscussed by Todaro (1995), andexpanded upon further by Gillis et al.(1996). Or

Examples have been discussed andexpanded upon (Todaro, 1995; Gillis et al.,1996)


29/30

Listing references at the end of thetext

In the Harvard system, full referencesappear at the end of the text, in

alphabetical order, and then in date order.


30/30

Further help..

Handout with 4 main reference types on it

For other types of material see Social SciencesReferencing page:

http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/

citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/

Also see the library page on avoiding plagiarism

at : http://www.brad.ac.uk/library/plagiarism.php
http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.brad.ac.uk/library/plagiarism.phphttp://www.brad.ac.uk/library/plagiarism.phphttp://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/help/referencing/citation-and-referencing-for-the-social-sciences/

plagiarism&ref 2012

Documents