plagiarism what it really is and how to avoid it! used with permission from the authors, michelle...

PlagiarismPlagiarismWhat it really is and how to avoid it!What it really is and how to avoid it!

Used with permission from the authors, Used with permission from the authors, Michelle Kramer & Sherri MillerMichelle Kramer & Sherri Miller

Mount Lebanon High SchoolMount Lebanon High SchoolPittsburgh, PAPittsburgh, PA

Adapted with permission from the authorsAdapted with permission from the authorsby Barb Lachmanby Barb LachmanShorewood H.S.Shorewood H.S.

Objectives for This TutorialObjectives for This TutorialRead about examples of plagiarism and the Read about examples of plagiarism and the

consequences in the real world.consequences in the real world.

Learn more about plagiarism:Learn more about plagiarism:• What plagiarism is and how you can avoid itWhat plagiarism is and how you can avoid it• When to cite your sourcesWhen to cite your sources• How to cite your sourcesHow to cite your sources

Take Quiz #1 to check your understanding of plagiarism.Take Quiz #1 to check your understanding of plagiarism.

Take the Final Quiz to check your understanding of Take the Final Quiz to check your understanding of Source Citations.Source Citations.

Pledge that you will avoid plagiarism.Pledge that you will avoid plagiarism.

You know something about You know something about plagiarism…Don’t you?plagiarism…Don’t you?

Sure you do. Teachers have been Sure you do. Teachers have been talking (and talking, and talking) talking (and talking, and talking) about plagiarism—and how you about plagiarism—and how you should avoid it.should avoid it.

But, if it is so bad, why do students But, if it is so bad, why do students (and adults) do it?(and adults) do it?

Why do students plagiarize?Why do students plagiarize?Here are some excuses…Here are some excuses…

Why does it matter? My (pick one of the following)

teacher/parent/guardian doesn’t care if I do it.

Everybody else does it. Why not me, too?

The assignment was dumb/boring/too hard/too easy/etc., so why should I

put my effort into it?




I didn’t understand the

assignment and I needed some help.

I didn’t know that I had to

cite my sources.







I had to. I need to have good grades.

I didn’t have the time to do the work on my own. I had work/rehearsal/practice/etc.




cite my sources.







I had to. I need to have good grades.

I didn’t have the time to do the work on my own. I had work/rehearsal/practice/etc.

Have you heard any

of those before?




cite my sources.




But those are weak excuses …But those are weak excuses …

There is no acceptable reason for plagiarism.There is no acceptable reason for plagiarism.

Plagiarism is cheatingPlagiarism is cheatingand it will be treated seriously if it and it will be treated seriously if it

is found in your work.is found in your work.

Look at these real life examples…

Real Life Plagiarism ScandalsReal Life Plagiarism Scandals

Doris Kearns Doris Kearns Goodwin, a Pulitzer Goodwin, a Pulitzer Prize winning Prize winning historian, was forced historian, was forced to step down from to step down from the Pulitzer board the Pulitzer board after she was found after she was found to have accidentally to have accidentally used another’s words used another’s words in one of her books. in one of her books.

Hostetter, Janet. 6 Apr 2006. Associated Press Images. 5 Aug 2008. <http://apimages.ap.org>

Kirpatrick, David D. “Author Goodwin Resigns from Pulitzer Board.” New York Times. (1 June 2002.) 5 Aug. 2008. <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E7D7143AF932A35755C0A9649C8B63>.


After being accused After being accused of rampant of rampant plagiarism in her plagiarism in her work, tenured work, tenured professor Madonna professor Madonna G. Constantine was G. Constantine was fired from her fired from her position at Columbia position at Columbia University. University.

Bondafeff, Dian. 10 Oct. 2007. Associated Press Images. 5 Aug 2008. <http://apimages.ap.org>.

Santora, Marc. “Columbia Professor in Noose Case Is Fired on Plagiarism Charges.” New York Times. (24 June 2008.) 5 Aug. 2008. <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/24/nyregion/24columbia.html?scp=1&sq=Madonna%20Constantine%20&st=cse>.


As a reporter for the As a reporter for the New York Times, Jayson New York Times, Jayson Blair plagiarized or Blair plagiarized or fabricated in more than fabricated in more than 40 stories between 2002 40 stories between 2002 and 2005. He was fired and 2005. He was fired from his job. The top from his job. The top two editors of the two editors of the newspaper resigned as a newspaper resigned as a result of the scandal.result of the scandal.

“Correcting the Record.” New York Times. 11 May 2003. The New York Times. 5 Aug 2008. <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E1DB123FF932A25756C0A9659C8B63>

Image: Szymaszek, Jennifer. 12 May 2004. Associated Press Images. 5 Aug 2008. <http:// apimages.ap.org>

Real Life Plagiarism ScandalsReal Life Plagiarism ScandalsBlair Hornstein was the Blair Hornstein was the valedictorian of her high valedictorian of her high school class and had school class and had earned admission to earned admission to Harvard University. After Harvard University. After articles Hornstein wrote articles Hornstein wrote for a local newspaper for a local newspaper were discovered to have were discovered to have been plagiarized, Harvard been plagiarized, Harvard University withdrew their University withdrew their acceptance. acceptance.

Capuzzo, Jill P. “MOORESTOWN JOURNAL; Seeing Crimson.” New York Times. (20 July 2003.) 5 Aug. 2008. <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E00E6D61E3CF933A15754C0A9659C8B63&scp=4&sq=Blair%20Hornstein%20&st=cse>.

“Blair Hornstein.” The Gothamist. 14 July 2003. 5 Aug. 2008. <http://gothamist.com/2003/07/14/gothamist.php>.

So, as you can see,So, as you can see,plagiarism is a serious offense.plagiarism is a serious offense.

This presentation is part of your This presentation is part of your class work so that you know class work so that you know

what plagiarism is what plagiarism is and and

how you can avoid it.how you can avoid it.

Definition of PlagiarismDefinition of PlagiarismPlagiarism is:Plagiarism is:

• To steal the words or ideas of another To steal the words or ideas of another personperson

• To pass off the words or ideas of another To pass off the words or ideas of another person as your ownperson as your own

Further:Further:• It doesn’t matter whether the theft is It doesn’t matter whether the theft is

intentional or accidental. Either way, it intentional or accidental. Either way, it is plagiarism.is plagiarism.

Let’s look at some Let’s look at some hypothetical situations.hypothetical situations.

For each, determine if the student For each, determine if the student plagiarized or did not.plagiarized or did not.

Decide on your answer before you move to the Decide on your answer before you move to the next slide.next slide.

Jack’s SituationJack’s SituationJack has an English paper due tomorrow. He Jack has an English paper due tomorrow. He

read the book and paid attention during read the book and paid attention during class, but he has no idea what to write class, but he has no idea what to write about.about.

Jack logs onto the Internet to get some ideas Jack logs onto the Internet to get some ideas about topics for his paper.about topics for his paper.

He finds a great idea and begins writing his He finds a great idea and begins writing his paper using the topic he found. He is very paper using the topic he found. He is very careful to avoid copying any text or words careful to avoid copying any text or words from the Internet article he found.from the Internet article he found.

Is this plagiarism?

Jack Jack DIDDID plagiarize. plagiarize.

Jack’s actions constitute Jack’s actions constitute plagiarism.plagiarism.• Jack is committing plagiarism by taking Jack is committing plagiarism by taking

the ideas of the source without citing the ideas of the source without citing them in the paper.them in the paper.

• Even though he put the ideas in his own Even though he put the ideas in his own words, Jack is stealing ideas from the words, Jack is stealing ideas from the source.source.

Jill’s SituationJill’s SituationDuring history class, Jill is asked to find During history class, Jill is asked to find

some background on Fidel Castro’s some background on Fidel Castro’s rise to power. rise to power.

Jill does a Google search and arrives at Jill does a Google search and arrives at Wikipedia’s article on Fidel Castro. Wikipedia’s article on Fidel Castro. Without using quotation marks, Jill Without using quotation marks, Jill cuts and pastes several sentences cuts and pastes several sentences from Wikipedia into her assignment. from Wikipedia into her assignment.

Is this plagiarism?

Jill Jill DIDDID plagiarize. plagiarize.

Jill’s actions constitute Jill’s actions constitute plagiarism.plagiarism.• By taking the words from the Wikipedia By taking the words from the Wikipedia

article, Jill is committing plagiarism.article, Jill is committing plagiarism.• She can avoid plagiarizing by quoting She can avoid plagiarizing by quoting

the article in her assignment and the article in her assignment and including an entry that describes the including an entry that describes the source in a bibliography at the end of source in a bibliography at the end of her paper.her paper.

Gretel’s SituationGretel’s SituationGretel is a freshman who is having Gretel is a freshman who is having

trouble keeping up with work. When trouble keeping up with work. When her science teacher assigns a short her science teacher assigns a short worksheet on genetics, Gretel is worksheet on genetics, Gretel is confused and frustrated. confused and frustrated.

During lunch, Gretel borrows her During lunch, Gretel borrows her friend’s paper and copies the friend’s paper and copies the answers onto her own paper.answers onto her own paper.

Is this plagiarism?

Gretel Gretel DIDDID plagiarize. plagiarize.

Gretel’s actions constitute Gretel’s actions constitute plagiarism.plagiarism.• Even if Gretel’s friend gave permission Even if Gretel’s friend gave permission

for Gretel to copy her work, it is still for Gretel to copy her work, it is still plagiarism. If Gretel’s friend gave her plagiarism. If Gretel’s friend gave her permission, her friend is also guilty of permission, her friend is also guilty of plagiarism.plagiarism.

• Gretel is guilty of plagiarism. She tried Gretel is guilty of plagiarism. She tried to take credit for the words and ideas of to take credit for the words and ideas of another person. another person.

Think you’ve got it?Think you’ve got it?

Read the following…Read the following…

(and pay attention! There will be a quiz (and pay attention! There will be a quiz on this information at the end!)on this information at the end!)

Definition of PlagiarismDefinition of PlagiarismPlagiarism is:Plagiarism is:

• To steal the words or ideas of another To steal the words or ideas of another personperson

• To pretend the words or ideas of To pretend the words or ideas of another person are your ownanother person are your own

• It doesn’t matter whether the theft is It doesn’t matter whether the theft is intentional or accidental. Either way, it intentional or accidental. Either way, it is plagiarism.is plagiarism.

How to Avoid PlagiarismHow to Avoid PlagiarismCite the source of any idea or words Cite the source of any idea or words

you take from anyone else.you take from anyone else.

Use quotation marks to mark the Use quotation marks to mark the beginning and end of the source’s beginning and end of the source’s words.words.

Write a bibliography (a list of your Write a bibliography (a list of your sources) to show your sources.sources) to show your sources.

OK, I get it…there are penalties for plagiarizing because it

is stealing someone else’s words or ideas.

But, if I’m not caught,

I won’t get in trouble.

So, what is the benefit of citing my

sources?

Four good reasons for citing Four good reasons for citing sources in your work:sources in your work:

• Citing reliable information gives credibility to your work and shows you are a good researcher.

• Cheating is dishonest.

• It is only fair to give credit to the source—otherwise, you are stealing the source’s ideas.

• The consequences are severe— plagiarism is not worth the risk.

You probably have two You probably have two questions:questions:

(1)(1) What do I need to cite?What do I need to cite?

(2)(2) How do I cite? How do I cite?

Read on for the answers…Read on for the answers…

What do I need to cite?What do I need to cite?

If you created it without any help, If you created it without any help, you don’t need to cite it!you don’t need to cite it!

If you didn’t create it by yourself, you If you didn’t create it by yourself, you must cite the sources where you must cite the sources where you got ideas or information.got ideas or information.

If the information is common If the information is common knowledge you don’t need to cite it.knowledge you don’t need to cite it.

What’s COMMON KNOWLEDGE?What’s COMMON KNOWLEDGE?

The one exception for citation isThe one exception for citation iscommon knowledge.common knowledge.

You do not need to cite the information IF:You do not need to cite the information IF:

(1) an educated person should know the (1) an educated person should know the information, information,

OROR(2) it is a basic fact that could be found in an (2) it is a basic fact that could be found in an

encyclopedia.encyclopedia.

So, you don’t need to cite a So, you don’t need to cite a basic fact basic fact that is common knowledge.that is common knowledge.

but you must cite the source of but you must cite the source of opinions opinions and ideasand ideas that are not your own. that are not your own.

And, you must cite And, you must cite anytimeanytime you use the you use the exact exact wordswords of the source—even if the words are of the source—even if the words are

presenting common knowledge.presenting common knowledge.

So, you don’t need to cite a basic fact, So, you don’t need to cite a basic fact, For example:For example: The writer Harper Lee wrote The writer Harper Lee wrote To Kill a MockingbirdTo Kill a Mockingbird..

OR OR Harper Lee was born in 1926.Harper Lee was born in 1926.

but you must cite the source of opinions but you must cite the source of opinions and ideas that are not your own.and ideas that are not your own.

For example:For example: Dorothy Gale believes that Dorothy Gale believes that Lord of the Flies Lord of the Flies is an inspiring story (75).is an inspiring story (75). OR OR

According to Joe Smith, Piggy represents the human spirit (15)According to Joe Smith, Piggy represents the human spirit (15)..

And, you must cite anytime you use the And, you must cite anytime you use the exact exact wordswords of the source—even if the words are of the source—even if the words are

presenting common knowledge.presenting common knowledge.

Last ReviewLast ReviewIf you created it without any help, you don’t need If you created it without any help, you don’t need

to cite it.to cite it.

If you didn’t create it by yourself, you must cite If you didn’t create it by yourself, you must cite the sources where you got ideas or information.the sources where you got ideas or information.

If the information is common knowledge you don’t If the information is common knowledge you don’t need to cite it.need to cite it.

If you use the exact words of any source--even if If you use the exact words of any source--even if the information is common knowledge--you the information is common knowledge--you must use quotation marks around the quote must use quotation marks around the quote and cite it.and cite it.

So, let’s check to see that you So, let’s check to see that you understand when you need to cite understand when you need to cite the source and when you don’t…the source and when you don’t…

Are you ready for a practice quiz? Are you ready for a practice quiz? If you want, you can review this If you want, you can review this

presentation again first. presentation again first.

Don’t go to the next slide until you’re ready.Don’t go to the next slide until you’re ready.

Test Case #1: Choose an answer before looking at the next slide.

Jack isn’t sure if he needs to cite the source of the Jack isn’t sure if he needs to cite the source of the information below. He found the fact online. information below. He found the fact online.

““Abraham Lincoln was our 16Abraham Lincoln was our 16thth president.” president.”

What do you think? What should Jack do? Choose one What do you think? What should Jack do? Choose one of the answers below.of the answers below.

Cite the source.This means he will:

1. Either:a) Surround with quotation marks, orb) Put the quotation into his own words, changing the syntax, structure, & organization

2. Include a lead-in giving the source’s name, 3. Give the page number, and4. List the source in a bibliography

Do not cite thesource.This means that the information is a commonly reported fact. It is generally known and available from many sources.

Jack should verify the information in at least two sources, then

Jack will write the well-knowninformation in his own words.

Jack does Jack does NOTNOT need to cite this need to cite this information.information.

Jack does not need to cite the source Jack does not need to cite the source or quote the information because it is or quote the information because it is common knowledge.common knowledge.

Abraham Lincoln’s status as the 16Abraham Lincoln’s status as the 16thth President of the US is a fact that is President of the US is a fact that is well-known and can be found in well-known and can be found in many places. Therefore, Jack can many places. Therefore, Jack can use the information without citation.use the information without citation.


In her paper on Affirmative Action, Jill found one source that In her paper on Affirmative Action, Jill found one source that explained that Affirmative Action “evens the field of play by explained that Affirmative Action “evens the field of play by forcing equality among all players.” forcing equality among all players.”

In her paper, Jill uses the phrase “forcing equality” without using In her paper, Jill uses the phrase “forcing equality” without using quotation marks, but she puts all the other parts of the source quotation marks, but she puts all the other parts of the source into her own words. into her own words.

What should Jill do? Choose one of the answers below.What should Jill do? Choose one of the answers below.

Cite the source.This means she will:

1. Either:a) Surround with quotation marks, orb) Put the quotation into her own words, changing the syntax, structure, & organization



Jill should verify the information in at least two sources, then

Jill will write the well-knowninformation in her own words.

Jill Jill MUSTMUST cite this information. cite this information.

Jill needs to cite the source of the Jill needs to cite the source of the paraphrase because the idea belongs paraphrase because the idea belongs to the source.to the source.

Further, because Jill uses the unique Further, because Jill uses the unique phrase “forcing equality,” she must phrase “forcing equality,” she must include that phrase in quotation include that phrase in quotation marks, indicating that it is a direct marks, indicating that it is a direct quotation from the source.quotation from the source.


Gretel found a very helpful article in an online Gretel found a very helpful article in an online database. She very carefully rewrote the content in database. She very carefully rewrote the content in her own words and style; she changed the order and her own words and style; she changed the order and organization so that it fit smoothly into her paper.organization so that it fit smoothly into her paper.

What should Gretel do?What should Gretel do?

Cite the source.This means she will:

1. Either:a) Surround with quotation marks, orb) Put the quotation into her own words, changing the syntax, structure, & organization



Gretel should verify the information in at least two sources, then

Gretel will write the well-knowninformation in her own words.

Gretel Gretel MUSTMUST cite the source. cite the source.

Gretel rewrote the source’s idea and Gretel rewrote the source’s idea and content, and she must give credit to content, and she must give credit to the source.the source.

She must provide her reader with the She must provide her reader with the source of the idea that she used.source of the idea that she used.

Are you ready?Are you ready?

If not, review the presentation again.If not, review the presentation again.

Then, tell your teacher you are ready Then, tell your teacher you are ready

to taketo take

Quiz #1: Identifying PlagiarismQuiz #1: Identifying Plagiarism

Next, how to Next, how to Cite a SourceCite a Source

It’s easy. Just provide your audience with the It’s easy. Just provide your audience with the source of any ideas or words that are not source of any ideas or words that are not your own. your own.

• First, carefully mark the beginning and end of First, carefully mark the beginning and end of the source’s words or idea.the source’s words or idea.

• Then, provide a bibliography to show where the Then, provide a bibliography to show where the borrowed material originated.borrowed material originated.

In fact, listing your sources shows your In fact, listing your sources shows your audience that you are an informed, well-audience that you are an informed, well-researched writer!researched writer!

How to Cite How to Cite Direct QuotationsDirect Quotations1. Write a bibliography entry to show 1. Write a bibliography entry to show

where the material originated.where the material originated.

2. Carefully mark the beginning and end of 2. Carefully mark the beginning and end of the source’s words or idea.the source’s words or idea.

• Use a Use a signal phrasesignal phrase to introduce the to introduce the source.source.

• Use Use quotation marksquotation marks to surround the to surround the words of the source.words of the source.

• Provide Provide the page numberthe page number (or author (or author and page number) after the closing and page number) after the closing quotation marks.quotation marks.

How to Cite How to Cite Direct QuotationsDirect Quotations

1. Write a bibliography entry to show 1. Write a bibliography entry to show where the material originated.where the material originated.

Park, Beth L. Park, Beth L. Understanding William Golding’s Understanding William Golding’s Lord of the FliesLord of the Flies. . Lebo University Press: Lebo University Press: Pittsburgh, PA, 2008. Pittsburgh, PA, 2008.

How to Cite How to Cite Direct QuotationsDirect Quotations2. Carefully mark the beginning and end 2. Carefully mark the beginning and end

of the source’s words or idea.of the source’s words or idea.• Use a Use a signal phrasesignal phrase to introduce the to introduce the

source.source.• Use Use quotation marksquotation marks to surround the to surround the

words of the source.words of the source.• Provide Provide the page numberthe page number (or author (or author

and page number) after the closing and page number) after the closing quotation marks.quotation marks.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: According to critic Beth L. Parks, Piggy finds

peace through “his search for the height of his own potential” (Parks, 24).

How to Cite How to Cite ParaphrasesParaphrases1. Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the 1. Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the

borrowed material originated.borrowed material originated.

2. Mark the beginning and end of the source’s 2. Mark the beginning and end of the source’s material.material.• Use a Use a signal phrasesignal phrase to introduce the source to introduce the source• Put the source’s original words into your own Put the source’s original words into your own

words:words: Change words, the order of the words, and Change words, the order of the words, and

the sentence structure. the sentence structure. If you only change it a little bit, it is still If you only change it a little bit, it is still

plagiarismplagiarism• Provide Provide the page numberthe page number (or author and page (or author and page

number) after the closing quotation marks.number) after the closing quotation marks.

How to Cite How to Cite ParaphrasesParaphrases

1. Write a bibliography entry to show 1. Write a bibliography entry to show where the material originated.where the material originated.

Park, Beth L. Park, Beth L. Understanding William Golding’s Understanding William Golding’s Lord of the FliesLord of the Flies. . Lebo University Press: Lebo University Press: Pittsburgh, PA, 2008. Pittsburgh, PA, 2008.

How to Cite How to Cite ParaphrasesParaphrases2. Mark the beginning and end of the source’s material.2. Mark the beginning and end of the source’s material.

• Use a Use a signal phrasesignal phrase to introduce the source to introduce the source• Put the source’s original words into your own Put the source’s original words into your own

words:words: Change words, the order of the words, and the Change words, the order of the words, and the

sentence structure. sentence structure. If you only change it a little bit, it is still If you only change it a little bit, it is still

plagiarismplagiarism• Provide Provide the page numberthe page number (or author and page (or author and page

number) after the closing quotation marks.number) after the closing quotation marks.

EXAMPLE:Literary critic Beth L. Parks says Piggy tries hard to keep

order so he can be be a good person (Parks, 24).

It can be said in a bunch of different It can be said in a bunch of different ways…ways…

Mark the

boundaries


Mark the

boundaries

Bracket the

borrowed


Mark the

boundariesFence the borders

Bracket the

borrowed


Mark the

boundaries

Enclose the borrowed

Fence the borders

Bracket the

borrowed


Mark the

boundaries

Frame theusage


Fence the borders

Bracket the

borrowed


Mark the

boundaries

Frame theusage


Fence the borders

Surroundthe usage

Bracket the

borrowed

But, they all mean the same thing…Clearly show which

words and ideas are not your own.


Mark the

boundaries

Frame theusage


Fence the borders

Circumscribe the usage

Bracket the

borrowed

Can you identify plagiarism Can you identify plagiarism when you see it?when you see it?

Try the following four examples. On Try the following four examples. On each you will see the source material each you will see the source material and the student’s use of that and the student’s use of that material.material.

See if you can judge what is See if you can judge what is acceptable use or plagiarism.acceptable use or plagiarism.

Decide on your answer before you move to the next slide.Decide on your answer before you move to the next slide.

Acceptable Use or Plagiarism?Acceptable Use or Plagiarism?Example 1Example 1

Original text from Original text from the source:the source:

Student’s Text:Student’s Text:

Student’s Bibliography:Student’s Bibliography:

One reason that Lincoln was well-liked during his lifetime was that his integrity was sincere. A person’s statements and dealings with the world allows that person to be judged as honest.

No references given.

Integrity must be sincere. That’s one reason Lincoln was so admired in his lifetime. Through an individual’s words, deeds, and actions, integrity can be judged to be genuine.

Donald T. Phillips. Lincoln on Leadership. (52)

Acceptable Use PlagiarismCHOOSE ONE:

This example shows Plagiarism!This example shows Plagiarism!

The student put the author’s idea into The student put the author’s idea into her own words; however, she did not her own words; however, she did not give credit to the source of the idea.give credit to the source of the idea.

Acceptable Use or Plagiarism? Acceptable Use or Plagiarism? Example 2Example 2




Phillips believes that the populace’s admiration for Lincoln stems from his integrity and honesty (52).

Phillips, Donald T. Lincoln on Leadership: Executive Strategies for Tough Times. Warner Books: New York, 1992.




This example shows This example shows Acceptable Use!Acceptable Use!

The student clearly marked the boundaries of the The student clearly marked the boundaries of the paraphrase:paraphrase:• He used the author’s name at the beginning of the He used the author’s name at the beginning of the

paraphrase to show where Phillips’ idea starts.paraphrase to show where Phillips’ idea starts.• He used the page number at the end of the paraphrase to He used the page number at the end of the paraphrase to

show where Phillips’ idea ends.show where Phillips’ idea ends.

The reference on the bibliography page is accurate.The reference on the bibliography page is accurate.





Lincoln was so admired in his lifetime because he had integrity. Integrity must be sincere. Through an individual’s words, deeds, and actions, integrity can be judged to be genuine.

No references given.





The student used the exact words of The student used the exact words of the source without providing any the source without providing any indication of their origin. indication of their origin.

A reader would believe that this A reader would believe that this passage is the work of the student, passage is the work of the student, and it is not.and it is not.







During his lifetime, people admired Lincoln because his words, deeds and actions demonstrated his sincere, genuine integrity.

Phillips, Donald T. Lincoln on Leadership: Executive Strategies for Tough Times. Warner Books: New York, 1992.



The student changed the order of the The student changed the order of the words and the structure of the words and the structure of the sentences; however, he did not give sentences; however, he did not give credit to Phillips’ book as the source credit to Phillips’ book as the source of the idea.of the idea.

So, to review…So, to review…Plagiarism is a serious offense. Not Plagiarism is a serious offense. Not

only does it carry heavy penalties, only does it carry heavy penalties, but your integrity is damaged when but your integrity is damaged when you plagiarize.you plagiarize.

Plagiarism is easily avoidable—just cite Plagiarism is easily avoidable—just cite the sources when you use the words the sources when you use the words or ideas of another person.or ideas of another person.

If you have any questions, see your If you have any questions, see your teacher or school librarian!teacher or school librarian!

Final Directions:Final Directions:

• If you want, review this presentation again. If you want, review this presentation again. • Ready? Now, tell your teacher you are Ready? Now, tell your teacher you are

ready for ready for Final Quiz: Citing ResourcesFinal Quiz: Citing Resources..• At the end of the quiz is an honor code At the end of the quiz is an honor code

statement. You will sign it in order to show statement. You will sign it in order to show you have had this training.you have had this training.

• Then have your parent sign the honor code.Then have your parent sign the honor code.• Your English teacher will collect these Your English teacher will collect these

signed forms.signed forms.

Sources ConsultedSources Consulted

DeSena, Laura Hennessey. DeSena, Laura Hennessey. Preventing Plagiarism: Preventing Plagiarism: Tips and Techniques.Tips and Techniques. National Council of National Council of Teachers of English: Urbana, IL, 2007.Teachers of English: Urbana, IL, 2007.

Harris, Robert A. Harris, Robert A. The Plagiarism Handbook: The Plagiarism Handbook: Strategies for Preventing, Detecting, and Dealing Strategies for Preventing, Detecting, and Dealing with Plagiarism.with Plagiarism. Pyrczak Publishing: Los Angeles, Pyrczak Publishing: Los Angeles, 2001.2001.

Valenza, Joyce Kasman. “What is Plagiarism? (And Valenza, Joyce Kasman. “What is Plagiarism? (And Why You Should Care).” Why You Should Care).” Springfield High School Springfield High School Media Center Information Literacy LessonsMedia Center Information Literacy Lessons. . Springfield School District. Springfield School District.

End of presentation.End of presentation.

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plagiarism what it really is and how to avoid it! used with permission from the authors, michelle...

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