PLACE INVADERS

Disease Travels

Infectious Disease Also known as

Contagious DiseaseCommunicable DiseaseTransmissible Disease

Caused by a pathogen that carries disease

Not all infections cause disease that can be transmitted

Infectious Diseases Travel enables the agents of infectious diseases to become Invasive Species

No resistance in new population Cause epidemics or pandemics Often move from animals living in close quarters with humans to humans

Diseases also target plants and animals

Travel and Trade Travel of humans as they emigrated to new continents

Trade across land masses Trade between land masses Bridged natural barriers that prevented invasive species including diseases and enabled them to propagate and spread

The Spice Trade

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/409841087_b7bcac1bd5_o.jpg

BROWN RAT BLACK RAT

Current Brown & Black Rat Distribution

Bubonic PlagueDevastated human populations in the Middle Ages

Bacterial Infection

Bubonic Plague Originated In Gobi Desert

Buboes Of Bubonic Plague

Swollen Lymph Nodes

Bubonic Plaguehttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Blackdeath2.gif

Bubonic Plague

Infectious Diseases Spread not only to humans

Plant diseases Animal diseases

MammalsBirdsReptiles and amphibiansInsects

Expanded Trade Routes

Potatoes

As early as 500 B.C. the Inca were raising “batatas” and “papas”1565 Spanish took them back to Spain from Peru

Potato 1565

Peru

Spain

Potato 1585

Peru

Spain

1565

England

Italy

Potato 1590

Peru

Spain

1565

England

Italy

Ireland1585

Infectious Diseases

Irish Potato Famine 1845-1851

Late Blight in Potatoes -Phytopthora infestans

Spanish Flu Epidemic 1918

Spanish Flu Epidemic 1918

25

PANDEMICS OF INFLUENZA

H7H5H9*

1980

1997

Recorded new avian influenzas

1996 2002

1999

2003

1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

H1N1H2N2

1889RussianinfluenzaH2N2

H2N2

1957AsianinfluenzaH2N2

H3N2

1968Hong KonginfluenzaH3N2

H3N8

1900Old Hong Kong influenzaH3N8

1918SpanishinfluenzaH1N1

1915 1925 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 20051895 1905 2010 2015

2009PandemicinfluenzaH1N1

Recorded human pandemic influenza(early sub-types inferred)

Reproduced and adapted (2009) with permission of Dr Masato Tashiro, Director, Center for Influenza Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan.

Animated slide: Press space bar

H1N1PandemicH1N1

SARS Virus 2003

Horseshoe Bats

Civet Cat

Virus

People

Bird Flu 2003-today

Foot and Mouth DiseaseEngland 2001

H1N1 Virus

Also Known as Swine Flu

Photo Courtesy of CDC

Honeybee Colony Collapse

Mysterious Disappearance of worker bees

A combination of factorsVarroa MiteA Fungal Infection - Nosema apis

A newly discovered virus – Invertebrate Iridescent Virus

Impact Honey and Pollination80% fruits and vegetables