pirouz bazargan sabetdecember 2003 outline architecture of a risc processor implementation
TRANSCRIPT
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
Outline
Architecture of a RISC Processor
Implementation
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
An implementation of Mips
Implementation
Concept of pipeline
Pipeline’s problems
RISC vs. CISC concept
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
A given architecture can be implemented in many different ways
implementation
performance complexity
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
The RISC concept has been developped in early 80’s
CISC
ComplexInstructionSetComputer
RISC
ReduceInstructionSetComputer
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
The basic idea of CISCs
Use the constante improvement of the
technology to offer a more powerful
architecture
It is easier to program with a powerful assembly language
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
high level languages
instruction set
Reduce the “semantic gap”
between high level languages
and the assembly language
instruction set
hardware
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
Examples:
Strcmp (IBM 370) : string compare
Add with 3 operands in memory (VAX)
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
The basic idea of RISCs
Simplify the hardware
It is easier to design a simple hardware
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
3 factors have worked towards the apparition of the RISC concept
Economical factor
User factor
Technology factor
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
Economical factor
A = B + C ;
VAX complex instruction
Add @a, @b, @c
Equivalent Mips code
Lw R1, @bLw R2, @cAdd R3, R1, R2Sw R3, @a
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
Economical factor
A given program compiled for a RISC
processor is 2 to 3 times bigger than the
same code generated for a CISC
Strong argument in favor of CISC
…… in 60’s - 70’s
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
It is easier to program with a powerful
assembly language
Strong argument in favor of CISC
User factor
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
User factordesign a new processeur check the MIX
prog
assembly code
compiler
add 8%
bne 6%
complex 0.0%
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
User factor
complex instructions are NOT used
in contradiction with
the CISC concept
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
User factor
In 80’s assembly language programmers
have been replaced by compilers
A compiler can only use simple instructions
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
Strong argument in favor of CISC
…… in 60’s - 70’s
User factor
It is easier to program with a powerful
assembly language ……. for a human
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
Technology factor# of trans.
frequencyMoore’s law
Time-to-market Risk of fail
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
Technology factor
Complex architecture (CISC)
Complex design
Longer time-to-market (3-4 years)
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
Technology factor
Simple architecture (RISC)
Simple implementation
Short time project
Better prevision
Lower risk
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
RISC concept
simplify the hardware
gain in speed
gain in time-to-market
The gap between high level languages and the
assembly language can be filled by the compiler
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Pirouz Bazargan Sabet December 2003
RISC vs. CISC concept
RISC concept
ReduceInstructionSetComputer
RejectImportantStuffs into theCompiler