pipeline integrity monitoring -...

Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein

is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA 1

A Global Communications and Information Company

Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2014 MDA

Pipeline Integrity Monitoring

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is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDA

Business Types

Business Offering

Space-based missions

Ground-based Integrated Information Solutions

Geospatial Services

• SAR and Optical Imaging Satellites• Communications Satellites• Space Robotics• Space-based subsystems

• SAR real-time mil-spec’d airborne• SAR satellite processors many missions• Imaging satellite ground stations• UAV systems

• Operation of RADARSAT-2• 30+ RADARSAT-2 Stations worldwide• Data distributor for all major satellites• Value added information products

Corporate Overview

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MDA is a global company serving clients worldwide

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MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates, Ltd (MDA)• Founded in 1969 – built on system engineering · 2015 Revenue: CAD$2.1B• Employees: ~4800 · Offices, customers and projects around the world


is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2016 MDAUse, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2014 MDA

Operational Solutions

MDA Pipeline Integrity Monitoring

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Pipeline upheaval buckling

from subsidence

Satellite Data Allows Operators To See Pipeline Problems

Oil Leaks to Surface

Slope failure & landslidesGas Explosion from Ground

Movement

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Slope failure & landslides

Landslides

Twitter

SoCal Gas

blogs.agu.org

Global News

Image © DigitalGlobe 2015

USGS



Pipeline Integrity – GeoHazard Risk Impact

Health, Safety and Environment

• Health & Safety

• Loss of life

• Water and air quality

• Wildlife, agriculture, vegetation

Pipeline

Integrity

GeoHazard

Risks

Field Operations

• Oil leaks to surface

• Pipeline Stress

• ROW encroachment

• Shutdown, repair, remediation

Legal & Social License

• Regulatory non-compliance

• Litigation

• Community impact

• Investor impact

Financial Results

• Cost to repair damage

• Remediation and restoration costs

• Reduced revenue from shutdown

• Legal costs

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InSAR compares two images taken at separate times to calculate

the change in distance from the satellite to ground objects.

What is InSAR Surface Movement Monitoring?

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InSAR can measure movement of a few millimeters using SAR phase information.



An interferogram is created by plotting

the phase change of each pixel. This is a

contour map with each fringe equal to

2.8 cm for C-Band RADARSAT-2.

A deformation map is created to show

total uplift or subsidence over a large area.

In some cases only point targets (rocks, infrastructure,

corner reflectors) can be detected if vegetation hides

the earth surface.

A time series of measurements is provided for each

surface pixel providing a temporal view of motion.

What is InSAR Surface Movement Monitoring?

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Phase and amplitude change analysis

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Analysis of the phase change of each

pixel over time provides a time series of

surface movement measurements with

mm accuracy.

Phase Change Analysis (InSAR)

A series of SAR

images collected with

the same viewing

geometry is used to

perform either phase

change or amplitude

change analysis.

SAR data stackAnalysis of the amplitude change of each

pixel information about the appearance or

disappearance of objects and features.

Amplitude Change Analysis

Changes at different times

New or missing objects

Time



Generate Flood Alerts Monitor Flood Progress

Measure Ground Subsidence

MDA has been providing satellite information products to the oil and gas industry for over 20 years.

• InSAR based surface movement monitoring can measure mm level subsidence and slope movement

• Amplitude Change Detection (ACD) detects significant surface changes for flood, oil spill, and encroachment monitoring

Satellite Information Services for Pipeline Integrity

Measure Slope Creep Detect Potential Strain

Detect Oil Spills

Detect LandslidesTrack Changes Over Time Locate Stable Terrain

Detect Unstable Slopes Detect ROW EncroachmentMeasure Motion Near Faults

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Burgmann et al., 2014



“Pipeline Monitoring Using Advanced SAR Techniques”

MDA completed a detailed study for Canadian Space Agency in 2016• Scientific Authority: Alberta Geological Survey• Partner: Simon Fraser University – Department of Earth Sciences• Partner: BGC Engineering Inc.

Results published in a paper: “Monitoring Landslides along Pipeline Corridors Using a Combined Satellite-Based InSAR and Geomechanical Modelling Approach,” Sharma et al., 2016.

Canadian Space Agency Pipeline Study

Measure Slope Creep Detect Landslides Track Changes Over TimeLocate Stable Terrain Detect Unstable Slopes

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+6cm/year

-6 cm/year

N

Downslope motion

PipelineROW

Case Study:

Central British Columbia Slope

• Pipeline ROW traverses a slow moving

landslide on a slope above the Fraser River

• Monthly InSAR analysis measures the

movement of the slope

• Measurements are confirmed with more than a

dozen GPS measurements

• InSAR measurements vs GPS

• Cover a much greater spatial extent

• Provide a much larger number of

measurements

• Provide high density creating a spatial view

• Spatial data visualization provides a much

clearer understanding of the geohazard than

GPS points

• Areal extent of the motion is well defined in

the InSAR

Benefit: Informed decisions can be made to

investigate further, or take preventative action such as

slope stabilization or moving a section of pipeline to

stable terrain.1 km

Risk of pipeline damage from landslide can be seen early as slope creep

0cm

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After Sharma et al., 2016



Geomechanical model of slope movement

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Case Study: Central British Columbia Slope

• A geomechanical model was created integrating GPS, inclinometer, InSAR data

• The model identified 7 sub-blocks whose motion was consistent with GPS and InSAR data

• The model shows a major shear surface at 110m depth is in agreement with the inclinometer data

Sharma et al., 2016



Gradient of Ground Movement(cm/year/meter)

-6 cm/yr

N

PipelineROW

Case Study: Central British Columbia Slope

• Sharp differential deformation is a particular concern due to localized high strain on the pipeline

• Spatial analysis of the surface movement gradient helps visualize potential strain zones

Benefit: Action can be taken to deploy additional instrumentation, inspect for damage, or reduce stress to minimize risk of

pipeline damage.

1 km

See potential strain: gradient of ground movement

0cm

Potential Strain

Potential Strain

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Downslope motion

Ground Movement(cm/year) 6 cm/yr

After Sharmaet al., 2016



+2 cm-2 cm

5.5 km

5.6

km

Pipeline ROW

Agricultural

fields

Agricultural

fields

Agricultural

fields

DigitalGlobe / Google EarthDigitalGlobe / Google Earth

Case Study: Beatton River, BC April 2015-16

• Wide area assessment of slope motion and stable

terrain

• Optical satellite data confirms landslide on one detected

unstable slope

Benefit: Early detection of movement provides the lead time to

take preventative action.

Locate unstable slopes and stable terrain

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Detect pipeline strain from surface subsidence

Case Study: Pipeline crossing a subsidence zone

• Pipeline crossing a zone of subsidence caused by enhanced oil

recovery operations in Belridge, California

• Cumulative subsidence was measured to be 2.5 meters over

about 11 years

• The upheaval buckling of a pipeline occurred (red line below)

just following a large increase in the velocity of ground

subsidence

Benefit: Action can be taken to deploy additional instrumentation,

inspect for damage, or reduce stress to reduce risk of pipeline

damage.

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C-Core



Detect Landslides in Remote Regions

2015/09/26 2015/10/20

Slide first detected with

Change Detection

shadow

Beatton

River

shadow

Beatton

River

landslide

river

blocked

river width

(& water level)

increased

θ = 47.03◦

1 km

Case Study: Beatton River, Alberta, October 2015

• October landslide was first detected with change detection

• River width increase also detected due to river blockage (flood type event)

• Air photos from October 22, 2015 confirm a landslide

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Energeticcity.ca

Google Earth 2015/06/26Image © DigitalGlobe 2015

Google Earth 2015/06/26

Image © DigitalGlobe 2015

Landslide Area

Landslide Event

250 m

Detect Landslides in Remote Regions

Case Study: Beatton River, Alberta, October

2015

• Landslide event occurred October 2015

• Landslide debris blocked water flow

• Google Earth imagery from June 2015 reveals this was an

active landslide area prior to the event of October 2015

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Airphoto 2015/10/22



Case Study: Beatton River, Alberta, October 2015

After the detection of the landslide, Amplitude Change Detection

separated persistent changes into five time periods, with most

activity occurring in three time periods:

a) Small precursor slides in April

b) Main October slide

c) Follow on slides in November

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Separating Persistent Changes in Time

Separating changes in time

Nov 2015 – Jan 2016 = Follow on slides

Aug - Oct 2015 = Main slide event

May – July 2015

Feb – April 2015 = Small early slides

Nov 2014 – Jan 2015

Time

Landslide detection

© MDA Geospatial Services Inc. (2016) – All Rights Reserved.



Case Study: Pipeline ROW, Alberta, July 2015

• Discovered by operator July 15, 2015

• Later analysis shows Amplitude Change Detection (ACD)

on a pair of RADARSAT-2 images detects a corresponding

change in a July 10, 2015 image

Benefit: Earlier detection and shutdown may reduce the spill

volume, clean up costs and impact to environment.

Detect Oil on Ground

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RADARSAT-2 image before the spill

RADARSAT-2 image July 10, 2015 after the spill

Change Detection productwith spill detected

Aerial Photo

400 m

GLOBAL NEWS



Detect encroachment activities on/near ROW

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RADARSAT-2 image before activity RADARSAT-2 image after activity Change Detection product with oil spill and activity on ROW detected

Ground Truth Aerial Photo

Case Study: Pipeline ROW, Alberta, July 2015

• Change Detection shows vehicles and equipment

on ROW

• Also detected are changes to the land surface

from digging and earth moving activities.

Benefit: Early detection of encroachment of ROW or

activity near ROW allows investigation and preventative

measures.

• “Blue is new / Red has fled”

400 m

GARRETT BARRY / FORT MCMURRAY TODAY



Obtain flood detection alerts and progress monitoring

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© MDA Geospatial Services Inc. (2016) – All Rights Reserved.

SAR imagery easily detects flat surface of water

• Change detection shows difference before and during a flood

• Regular monitoring shows progress of the flood

• Wide areas can be monitored to produce flood alerts



InSAR Features

Validation of Operational Surface Movement Measurement at an Enhanced Oil Recovery Field , MD Henschel, B Deschamps, R Rahmoune, and M Sulaimani –Petroleum Development Oman, GRSG, 15 December 2014.

1. Wide Area Coverage

• SAR imagery can ranges from 18 km wide

scenes to over 150 km wide.

2. High Measurement Density

• Each pixel is a potential measurement.

Typical pixel spacing of 3 m

3. High Accuracy

• Accuracy against GPS has been shown to

be 5 mm or better

4. Frequent measurements

• Measurements can be provided every 24

days or better

5. Vertical + E-W Horizontal Motion Available

• Measurements can be line of sight to

satellite or separate vertical + E-W

horizontal

6. Day/Night and all weather reliability

• Image acquisition occurs in all weather

regardless of clouds, rain or darkness.

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Benefits

1. Confidence that ground movement is understood

• Monthly/weekly wide area monitoring provides confidence that ground movement is understood

on and near the pipeline ROW and infrastructure.

2. InSAR is a recognized best practice

• Use of satellite InSAR for ground movement monitoring is a recognized best practice for

monitoring slope stability, subsidence and ground movement in mining, enhanced oil recovery

and right of way operations.

3. Satisfies regulatory requirements

• InSAR satisfies regulatory requirements for ground movement monitoring. (e.g. Alberta Energy

Regulator, California Division of Oil, Gas, & Geothermal Resources (DOGGR).

4. Added insight from wide area, high density, high accuracy measurements

• InSAR provides a high resolution, big picture view of ground motion to increase understanding.

5. Increased efficiency and effectiveness of field work

• Accurate measurements of ground motion allow field inspections and instrumentation to be

allocated efficiently to known risk areas.

6. Early detection reduces risk of pipeline damage

• Early detection and measurement allows action to be taken to reduce risk of damage.

7. Monitor progress of remediation work

• InSAR monitoring provides a means to assess the success of remediation work (for example to

increase slope stability).

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Generate Flood Alerts Monitor Flood Progress

Measure Ground Subsidence

Satellite Information Services for Pipeline Integrity

Measure Slope Creep Detect Potential Strain

Detect Oil Spills

Detect LandslidesTrack Changes Over Time Locate Stable Terrain

Detect Unstable Slopes Detect ROW EncroachmentMeasure Motion Near Faults

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Burgmann et al., 2014

Thank you for your time.

Questions?



Image Credits and Disclaimer LanguageRESTRICTION ON USE, PUBLICATION OR DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY CONTENT

This presentation includes content that is proprietary to MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (“MDA”), its subsidiaries, and third parties. Do not disclose, use, or duplicate this document or of any of its content.

MDA provides this presentation for general information purposes only, and this presentation does not constitute an offer, promise, warranty or guarantee of performance. MDA and its licensors do not authorize, and disclaim all liability for, any actions taken in reliance on this presentation.

The products depicted are subject to change, and are not necessarily production representative. Actual results may vary depending on certain events or conditions.

COPYRIGHT © 2016 MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd., and third parties. All rights reserved.

RADARSAT-2 Data and Products © MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd (year of acquisition or range of years to span entire presentation). All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency. Page(s) 8-12, 14-16, 18, 20-23, 26.

RADARSAT Data © Canadian Space Agency/Agence Spatiale Canadienne (2014-2015). All Rights Reserved. Page(s) 8-12, 14, 18, 20-23, 26.

GENERAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCertain images contained in this document are property of third parties:

P. 5 Image of Landslide (top left) COPYRIGHT © USGS 1998. All rights reserved. From http://geologycafe.com/fieldtrips/anzar_road.html

P. 5 Image of Slope failure (top center) COPYRIGHT © blogs.agu.org. All rights reserved. From blogs.agu.org

P. 5 (top right) & 16 Image of Buckled pipeline COPYRIGHT © C-Core. All rights reserved. From http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/46000/46300/46316/FilGet.pdf and http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.250.5780&rep=rep1&type=pdf

P. 5 Image of Gas Explosion (bottom left) COPYRIGHT © Twitter. All rights reserved. From Twitter

P. 5 and 19 Images of slope failure COPYRIGHT © DigitalGlobe. All rights reserved. From Google Earth Pro.

P. 5 Image of Oil Leak COPYRIGHT © Global News 2015. All rights reserved. . From http://globalnews.ca/news/2116785/nexen-to-provide-update-on-northern-alberta-pipeline-spill/

P. 10, 17 and 26 Image of Motion near faults COPYRIGHT © Burgmann, et al., 2104 All rights reserved. From “Final Technical Report Time-dependent creep of the Calaveras fault from 18-years of InSAR, GPS and repeating earthquakes”.

P. 12, 13, 14 Image of Slope movement COPYRIGHT © Sharma et al, 2016. All rights reserved. From “Monitoring Landslides Along Pipeline Corridors Using a Combined Satellite-Based InSAR and Geomechanical Modelling Approach”

P. 15 Image of Landslide COPYRIGHT © DigitalGlobe 2015. All rights reserved. From Google Earth Pro

P. 19 Photo of Landslide and river COPYRIGHT © Energeticcity.ca. All rights reserved. From http://energeticcity.ca/2015/10/update-on-beatton-river-landslide/

P. 21 Image of Lake and oil spill COPYRIGHT © Global News 2015. All rights reserved. From http://globalnews.ca/news/2116785/nexen-to-provide-update-on-northern-alberta-pipeline-spill/

P. 22 Image of Lake and oil spill COPYRIGHT © Garrett Barry / Fort McMurray Today 2015. All rights reserved. From http://www.edmontonjournal.com/Nexen+responds+suspension+pipeline+licences/11327409/story.html

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http://geologycafe.com/fieldtrips/anzar_road.html

http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/46000/46300/46316/FilGet.pdf

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.250.5780&rep=rep1&type=pdf

http://globalnews.ca/news/2116785/nexen-to-provide-update-on-northern-alberta-pipeline-spill/

http://energeticcity.ca/2015/10/update-on-beatton-river-landslide/

http://globalnews.ca/news/2116785/nexen-to-provide-update-on-northern-alberta-pipeline-spill/

http://www.edmontonjournal.com/Nexen+responds+suspension+pipeline+licences/11327409/story.html

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